Best Practice Policy Guidelines for Small Scale LNG; Truck Loading Group of Experts on Gas

Luis. I Parada 22nd April 2016 - Geneva Program Focus UNECE

1. New Uses of LNG, including small scale: . Bringing gas to remote areas (remote gas services) . Use of LNG as a transport fuel. 2. Regulatory needs: . Implement regulation to facilitate the use of natural gas and LNG. . Norms and standards for LNG 3. Advantages of gas and LNG in mitigating climate change. 2 Advantanges of Natural Gas UNECE

1. Environmental benefits of natural gas

• Reducing emissions (CO2, NOx, SOx) • Reduce local pollution, air quality for citizens • Considered by EU as alternative fuel 2. Truckloading Services I. Distribution market – Remote areas not being connected to gas grid for both industrial and domestic usage; II. Transport sector – Parties considering using LNG III. Power generation & Industrial customers- small power plants used for peak shaving where these are still supplied with fuel oil or industrial customers who may consider this a more

feasible option. 3 Truck Loading in the UN ECE UNECE

Truck loading Development from import terminals in the UNECE Region

Truck Loading Development in the UN ECE region

Regasification Terminals in the US

Regasification Terminals

in the US Canaport Everett Golden PassCameron LNG Freeport LNG Cove Point Canaport Elba Island Everett Golden PassCameron LNG Freeport LNG Gulf LNGCove Point Lake Charles Sabine Pass Elba Island

Gulf LNG Lake Charles Regasification Terminals Sabine Pass Regasification Terminalsin Europe inGrain EuropeLNG Klaipedos Nafta Gate Swinoujscie Grain LNG Milford Haven Gate Milford Haven Zeebrugge Zeebrugge Musel Dunkerque MugardosMusel Dunkerque Mugardos Porto Levante Porto Levante Bilbao OLT Toscana OLT Toscana Marmara Ereglisi Marmara Ereglisi Sines Sines Barcelona Sagunto Huelva Aliaga Aliaga CartagenaHuelva CartagenaRevithoussa Revithoussa Fos Tonkin Fos Tonkin Fos Cavou Panigaglia Fos Cavou Panigaglia LNG Import Terminals offfering Truck Loading LNG Import Terminals offfering Truck Loading LNG Import Terminals not offering Truck Loading LNG Import Terminals not offering Truck Loading 4 Source: GIIGNL Annual Report, 2016 Edition1

1 The LNG Industry, GIIGNL Annual Report, 2016 Edition: http://www.giignl.org/sites/default/files/PUBLIC_AREA/Publications/giignl_2016_annual_report.pdf Truck loading in the EU + Turkey UNECE

Truck LoadingTruck loading Dev elopmentdevelopment in the EU

50.000 1,6 1,4 48.000 1,2 1,0 b . 46.000 c o m N 0,8 N 44.000 0,6 G 0,4 42.000 0,2 40.000 0,0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

No. bcm NG

Source: GLE New LNG Services Inventory1

The Country Belgium France France France France Greece Italy Italy Italy Lithuania Netherlands Poland Portugal OLT Klaipedos Company Fluxys Dunkerque LNG Elengy Elengy Fosmax LNG DESFA ADRIATIC LNG GNL Italia Gasunie GAZ-SYSTEM REN Atlantico Offshore Nafta Montoir de LNG Facility Zeebrugge Dunkerque LNG Fos Tonkin Fos Cavaou Revithoussa Porto Levante Panigaglia Independence Gate terminal Swinoujscie Sines Bretagne Toscana Truck loading yes no yes yes yes no no no no no yes yes yes but under Feasibility but available 2 x 50, 1 x Capacity: (LNG) m3 /h 75 1 x 100 1 x 100 - 1 x 100 1 x 100 2 (+1) x 90 study study in from 2017, 75 3 x 100 progress; EPC contract second under 3 x 100 under 3 x 100 under through Fos by end comment under FID is signed construction for study study Tonkin 2017 study expected by 1Q2017

Country Spain Spain Spain Spain Spain Spain UK UK UK Turkey Turkey Marmara Ereglisi Aliaga Izmir Company BBG Enagas Enagas Enagas Enagas Reganosa Saggas Dragon LNG Grain LNG South Hook LNG Terminal LNG Terminal Milford Isle of Facility Bilbao Barcelona Cartagena Huelva EL Musel Mugardos Sagunto Milford Haven Marmara Ereglisi Aliaga Haven Grain Truck loading yes yes yes yes yes yes yes no yes no yes yes Capacity: (LNG) m3 /h 2x27 3 x 91 3 x 91 3 x 91 3 x 91 2 x 75 2 x 70 2 x 80 3 x 75 Not found 5 comment

1 GLE New LNG Services Inventory, March 2016: http://www.gie.eu/index.php/maps-data/gle-lng-services-inventory The Spanish case UNECE

Truck Loading in Spain in 2015

10,719 GWh/y (-1.3% vs. 2014)

34,400 loaded trucks

Source: Spanish Gas System Report 2015 1 6

1 Spanish Gas System Report 2015: http://www.enagas.es/stfls/ENAGAS/Gesti%C3%B3n%20T%C3%A9cnica%20del%20Sistema/Documentos/Seguimie nto%20del%20Sistema%20Gasista/Sistema_Gasista_2015_optimizado.pdf Truck Loading Capacity per Terminal

Bilbao - 4,5 GWh/d GNL El Musel UNECE - 15 trucks/day - 8 GWh/d GNL - 30 trucks/day Reganosa - 10,5 GWh/d GNL - 30 trucks/day Barcelona - 15 GWh/d GNL - 50 trucks/day

Sagunto - 10,5 GWh/d GNL - 35 trucks/day

Cartagena Huelva - 15 GWh/d GNL - 15 GWh/d GNL - 50 trucks/day - 50 trucks/day 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Yearly Truck Loading in Spain 7 TOTAL 36,000 41,000 40,000 44,000 46,000 36,000 34,800 34,400 The Spanish case UNECE

nº of destinations depending on LNG facility

232 destinations from Barcelona LNG Mugardos LNG BBG 217 destinations LNG from Cartagena LNG

Barcelona LNG 202 destinations from Huelva LNG

225 destinations from Sagunto LNG Sagunto Route of LNG trucks LNG according to the LNG plant of origin 140 destinos planta Mugardos Huelva Cartagena LNG LNG  Portugal 51 destinations from  France BBG LNG Increase of 81 satellite Increase of destinations outside  Italy destinations 2015 vs 2014 Spain: 59 in 2015 and 35 in 2014,  Switzerland 8  FYROM Conclusions UNECE

. There is great potential for truck loading services . LNG can reach long distances through truckloading services . Deliver LNG to remote areas through trucks and satellite plants . Truck loading together with satellite plants are a good opportunity to colonize areas where there is a lack of gas grid until the network reaches this place . It is very important to highlight that only gas infrastructure allow the completion of market integration

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