Pakistan the Changing Security Dimension
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
PTM, Irredentist Afghan Claims on Pakhtunkwa & Pakistan Army
PTM, irredentist Afghan claims on Pakhtunkwa & Pakistan army Pashtun Tahafuz Movement, PTM, is a peaceful movement for people’s rights violated in the war on terror that especially devastated certain Pashtun areas in the northwest of Pakistan. Political parties of Pakistan could not change the military controlled Afghan policy that was causing the devastation and Pakistan army allowed all the devastation as ‘collateral damage’. The result: within about one and a half decade the PTM emerged in the area, driven by the ‘children of war’— former child victims of the war. The movement is led by 24 years old Manzoor Pashteen, who also grew up a war child. Civilian governments in Pakistan have little control over Afghan policy of Pakistan and expecting anything from them is useless. The PTM, therefore, directly addressed its demands to the concerned authorities: the power generals of Pakistan. The demands include: end to extrajudicial killings; end to forced disappearance plus presentation of the disappeared persons to the court of law ; dignified treatment of public at military check posts in the war on terror affected areas; removal of landmines in Waziristan and justice for Naqeebullah Mahsud, an emerging fashion model, extra judicially killed by, Anwar Rao, the police officer known to have extra judicially killed 100s of innocent Pakistanis in Kararchi. The initial reaction of the generals was careful, to an extent positive and a bit of a ‘guarded sympathy’. Major-General Asif Ghafoor, former director-general of Inter-Services Public Relations (DGISPR), who met Manzoor Pashteen, called him ’a wonderful young boy’. He even said that the army chief had given strict instructions not to deal with PTM gatherings with force. -
Bibliography
Bibliography Aamir, A. (2015a, June 27). Interview with Syed Fazl-e-Haider: Fully operational Gwadar Port under Chinese control upsets key regional players. The Balochistan Point. Accessed February 7, 2019, from http://thebalochistanpoint.com/interview-fully-operational-gwadar-port-under- chinese-control-upsets-key-regional-players/ Aamir, A. (2015b, February 7). Pak-China Economic Corridor. Pakistan Today. Aamir, A. (2017, December 31). The Baloch’s concerns. The News International. Aamir, A. (2018a, August 17). ISIS threatens China-Pakistan Economic Corridor. China-US Focus. Accessed February 7, 2019, from https://www.chinausfocus.com/peace-security/isis-threatens- china-pakistan-economic-corridor Aamir, A. (2018b, July 25). Religious violence jeopardises China’s investment in Pakistan. Financial Times. Abbas, Z. (2000, November 17). Pakistan faces brain drain. BBC. Abbas, H. (2007, March 29). Transforming Pakistan’s frontier corps. Terrorism Monitor, 5(6). Abbas, H. (2011, February). Reforming Pakistan’s police and law enforcement infrastructure is it too flawed to fix? (USIP Special Report, No. 266). Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace (USIP). Abbas, N., & Rasmussen, S. E. (2017, November 27). Pakistani law minister quits after weeks of anti-blasphemy protests. The Guardian. Abbasi, N. M. (2009). The EU and Democracy building in Pakistan. Stockholm: International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance. Accessed February 7, 2019, from https:// www.idea.int/sites/default/files/publications/chapters/the-role-of-the-european-union-in-democ racy-building/eu-democracy-building-discussion-paper-29.pdf Abbasi, A. (2017, April 13). CPEC sect without project director, key specialists. The News International. Abbasi, S. K. (2018, May 24). -
Major General Raza Muhammad (Retired)
1 RESUME: MAJOR GENERAL RAZA MUHAMMAD (RETIRED) Major General Raza Muhammad (retired) was commissioned into Pakistan Army, in 1980. He has commanded Infantry Battalion, an Independent Infantry Brigade and an Infantry Division. He has served in plains, mountains, glaciated War Zone, Baluchistan and Kashmir. He has served on deputation in Saudi Arabian Army as well. He has done MPhil in International Relations from National Defence University, where he is presently registered as PhD scholar in the Department of International Relations. General Raza has attended Pakistan Staff Course and Armed Forces War Course. He has also done Staff Course at Leadership Academy of German Armed Forces Hamburg in Germany and Peacekeeping Course for the Decision Makers at USA. He has served on various operational and intelligence assignments, major ones being Brigade Major Infantry Brigade, Chief of Staff of a deployed Corps, Director Military Intelligence Operations and as one of the Director Generals at Headquarters Inter-Services Intelligence. Before retiring he was serving as Additional Secretary in Ministry of Defence Production. On instructional side he has been instructor in Pakistan military Academy, Command and Staff College and National Defence University. 2 General Raza Muhammad retired from service on 27 August 2014. After retirement he served as High Commissioner of Pakistan at Mauritius. Seychelles, Comoros and Madagascar were also accredited to his Ambassadorship. His last assignment was Executive Director in Army Welfare Trust Rawalpindi, from where he retired in March 2019. He is presently appointed as Advisor to President NDU. As PhD Scholar in the Department of International Relations, National Defence University, Islamabad, he has been engaged in teaching in IR, NDU, as a Visiting Faculty since 2018. -
Special Report No
SPECIAL REPORT NO. 494 | MAY 2021 UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE www.usip.org The Evolution and Potential Resurgence of the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan By Amira Jadoon Contents Introduction ...................................3 The Rise and Decline of the TTP, 2007–18 .....................4 Signs of a Resurgent TPP, 2019–Early 2021 ............... 12 Regional Alliances and Rivalries ................................ 15 Conclusion: Keeping the TTP at Bay ............................. 19 A Pakistani soldier surveys what used to be the headquarters of Baitullah Mehsud, the TTP leader who was killed in March 2010. (Photo by Pir Zubair Shah/New York Times) Summary • Established in 2007, the Tehrik-i- attempts to intimidate local pop- regional affiliates of al-Qaeda and Taliban Pakistan (TTP) became ulations, and mergers with prior the Islamic State. one of Pakistan’s deadliest militant splinter groups suggest that the • Thwarting the chances of the TTP’s organizations, notorious for its bru- TTP is attempting to revive itself. revival requires a multidimensional tal attacks against civilians and the • Multiple factors may facilitate this approach that goes beyond kinetic Pakistani state. By 2015, a US drone ambition. These include the Afghan operations and renders the group’s campaign and Pakistani military Taliban’s potential political ascend- message irrelevant. Efforts need to operations had destroyed much of ency in a post–peace agreement prioritize investment in countering the TTP’s organizational coherence Afghanistan, which may enable violent extremism programs, en- and capacity. the TTP to redeploy its resources hancing the rule of law and access • While the TTP’s lethality remains within Pakistan, and the potential to essential public goods, and cre- low, a recent uptick in the number for TTP to deepen its links with ating mechanisms to address legiti- of its attacks, propaganda releases, other militant groups such as the mate grievances peacefully. -
Social Media and Mobilization of Pashtun Community in Pakistan: a Case Study of Pashtun Tahafuz Movement
PUTAJ – Humanities and Social Sciences Vol. 27, No.1, (January-June), 2020 ____________________________________________________________________________ Social Media and Mobilization of Pashtun Community in Pakistan: A Case Study of Pashtun Tahafuz Movement Muhammad Shahid*& Bakht Zaman** Abstract This is very much difficult to deny the increasing role of technology in expressing one’s views, opinions and ideological convictions. Social media has the power to affect the political, economic and social choices of the people. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of social media in the mobilization of Pashtun community. In this connection, we study the role of social media in the formation of Pashtun Tahafuz Movement (PTM). We collect primary data through random sampling. The findings of our study indicate that social media proved highly instrumental in the mobilization of people to attend Pashtun Tahafuz Movement (PTM). We also find that combination of factors including history of deprivation, the discriminatory behavior of the state institutions, humiliation at check posts and demands for the recovery of missing persons lead to the formation of PTM. We conclude the presence of theseother factors as necessary but not the sufficient condition for the mobilization of people. Social media provide the sufficient condition to motivate and activate the masses to attend these gatherings. Keywords: Pashtun Tahafuz Movement (PTM), Social Media, Mobilization, Case Study. Introduction One of the fundamental human rights is to have access to information. This is very much difficult to imagine the freedom without the freedom of expression and equally difficult is to deny the increasing role of technology in expressing one‟s views, opinions and ideological convictions. -
Why Is PTM Becoming a Major Challenge for Pakistan's Ruling
SADF COMMENT Why is PTM becoming a major challenge for 09 May 2019 Issue n° 140 Pakistan’s ruling establishment? ISSN 2406-5617 Farooq Yousaf Farooq Yousaf is an SADF Fellow and a PhD Politics Candidate from Peshawar, Pakistan, currently Pakistan is currently facing a number of challenges both at home and pursuing studies at the University abroad. Domestically the country has locked horns with its arch-rival of Newcastle, NSW, Australia. His India on the Eastern border, while also facing security threats in its research focuses on the role of Western border shared with Afghanistan. However, the issue most indigenous conflict resolution threatening to Pakistan’s “all-powerful” military establishment is the methods in countering Insurgency rise of the Pashtun Tahafuz Movement (PTM), a secular movement in the tribal areas of Pakistan, whereas he using postcolonial of young Pashtun citizens demanding rights for the Pashtun tribal critique as his theoretical areas (formerly known as FATA - Federally Administered Tribal framework. Areas). The PTM was formed on the back of a relatively small - yet powerful - protest in Islamabad against the extra-judicial killing of Naqeebullah Mehsud, a resident of the then FATA region, in January 2018. Mehsud, who had moved to Pakistan’s port city of Karachi so as to earn a livelihood and pursue a career in modelling, was kidnapped by Karachi’s Counter Terrorism Department (CTD) on fake charges of terrorism and was later murdered in a “fake encounter”. To protest this murder, Pashtuns from the former FATA region, who were also joined by the members of the civil society, staged a sit-in protest in Islamabad, in February 2018, demanding not only justice for Mehsud but also for the wider community of “tribal” Pashtuns as Avenue des Arts 19 the whole. -
Shaping a New Peace in Pakistan's Tribal Areas
Shaping a New Peace in Pakistan’s Tribal Areas Crisis Group Asia Briefing N°150 Brussels, 20 August 2018 What’s new? Pakistan has merged the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) along the Afghan border into an adjacent province, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, a big step toward bringing constitutional governance and restoring peace to these lands. But the interim regulations governing FATA retain features of the colonial-era law previ- ously in force, imperilling stability. Why does it matter? Locals resent being in the crossfire of Islamabad’s war on FATA-based militants. Millions have been displaced. FATA’s civil society is more as- sertive than ever in demanding an end to these abuses and to militancy in the tribal belt. If Islamabad baulks, militants could exploit the ensuing popular estrangement. What should be done? Khyber Pakhtunkhwa’s legislature should repeal FATA’s interim regulations and lift restrictions on freedom of movement. In consultation with locals, both the federal and provincial governments should urgently establish an administrative and judicial system that respects civil liberties, provides profes- sional policing and delivers needed services in the territories. I. Overview On 24 May, Pakistan’s National Assembly passed the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) Reforms Bill, merging FATA, a mountainous belt along the Afghan border, with adjacent Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. Previously, the federal gov- ernment had directly administered FATA through colonial-era laws that deprived locals of rights and subjected them to harsh punishment. Inept and repressive gov- ernance, together with the Pakistani military’s use of FATA as a haven for jihadist proxies, have long made those areas vulnerable to militancy and conflict. -
Competitive Sectarianism and Ethnic Strife in Pakistan
No. 294 June 2021 Colonel Ranjan Prabhu, has 23 years of military service and has varied experience The Pakistan along the Indo-Pak border. He has done two Masters―one in Business Administration and the other in Military Technology. He Army Playbook: writes regularly for Strategic Think Tanks on Military Technology and Innovative Competitive Concepts. Sectarianism and Mr. Shreyans S Solanki, has 20 years of Corporate management experience, and has been in leadership roles in the Technology Ethnic strife in Services & Product companies of India. His areas of interests include Management, Technology landscape vis- a- vis Regulatory Pakistan environment, History, Geopolitics and International Relations. He writes on Risk Advisory and Geopolitical issues. Introduction Key Points • Pakistan as an idea of Jinnah has The case study of the making of Pakistan in 1947 proven a failure. Pakistan exists today could be considered as one of the biggest because of its Army which along with its Intelligence has become a ‘larger- orchestrated mythology. The result of this than-life’ figure in controlling Pakistan. • Pakistan’s story today is of Punjabi experiment is well known—a nation and its people Sunnis who, along with the Army, torn apart, lands and family divided, a mental scar which is dominated by them, have cornered other ethnicities in terms of and trauma of the mayhem—the residual emotions power, resources, budgets and National priority. of all these years are yet to heal for the people of • If it was not for Army, Pakistan would India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. Ironically, while have been history. But for how long can Army continue this charade, at a on one hand, India and Bangladesh have since great cost to economy, social spends, stabilised and moved on— in social and economic infrastructure, hygiene and health of its people, remains to be seen. -
The Baloch and Pashtun Nationalist Movements in Pakistan: Colonial Legacy and the Failure of State Policy
JULY 2019 The Baloch and Pashtun Nationalist Movements in Pakistan: Colonial Legacy and the Failure of State Policy KRITI M SHAH The Baloch and Pashtun Nationalist Movements in Pakistan: Colonial Legacy and the Failure of State Policy KRITI M SHAH ABOUT THE AUTHOR Kriti M. Shah is a Junior Fellow with the Strategic Studies Programme of the Observer Research Foundation, New Delhi. ISBN: 978-93-89094-57-2 © 2019 Observer Research Foundation. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without permission in writing from ORF. The Baloch and Pashtun Nationalist Movements in Pakistan: Colonial Legacy and the Failure of State Policy ABSTRACT Along Pakistan’s western frontier, the Pashtuns in the north and the Baloch in the south have historically been crucial elements of the country’s ethnic tapestry. Their place in Pakistani society today is the result of their geography, British colonial legacy, and their relationship with the state. For many years now, the Pashtuns have borne the brunt of the Afghan jihad and military campaigns against their tribes while the Baloch have suffered economic exploitation as well as aggression from the Pakistan military. The nationalist movements that have emerged from this region have been unique to the nature of the people; yet, the Pakistan state has treated them in similar ways. This paper analyses the nationalist movements of the Pashtun and the Baloch in Pakistan, and the possibilities they hold for the country’s western border. Attribution: Kriti M. Shah, "The Baloch and Pashtun Nationalist Movements in Pakistan: Colonial Legacy and the Failure of State Policy", ORF Occasional Paper No. -
The Pakistan Factor in China's Afghanistan
THE PAKISTAN FACTOR IN CHINA’S AFGHANISTAN POLICY: EMERGING REGIONAL FAULTLINES AMID US WITHDRAWAL THE MIDDLE EAST INSTITUTE VINAY KAURA JULY 2021 WWW.MEI.EDU ABOUT THE MIDDLE EAST INSTITUTE The Middle East Institute is a center of knowledge dedicated to narrowing divides between the peoples of the Middle East and the United States. With over 70 years’ experience, MEI has established itself as a credible, non-partisan source of insight and policy analysis on all matters concerning the Middle East. MEI is distinguished by its holistic approach to the region and its deep understanding of the Middle East’s political, economic and cultural contexts. Through the collaborative work of its three centers — Policy & Research, Arts & Culture, and Education — MEI provides current and future leaders with the resources necessary to build a future of mutual understanding. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Vinay Kaura, PhD, is a Non-Resident Scholar with MEI’s Afghanistan & Pakistan Program, an Assistant Professor in the Department of International Affairs and Security Studies at the Sardar Patel University of Police, Security, and Criminal Justice in Rajasthan, India, and the Deputy Director at the Center for Peace and Conflict Studies. Cover photo: Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi hosts the 4th China-Afghanistan-Pakistan Foreign Ministers’ Dialogue in Guiyang, southwest China’s Guizhou Province, June 3, 2021. Photo by Yang Wenbin/Xinhua via Getty Images. CONTENTS Introduction 4 China’s interests and actions 6 Pakistan’s evolving interests in Afghanistan 9 China’s need for Pakistan 11 Mutual rivalry with India 12 Pakistan’s facilitation role 13 Geopolitics of the Wakhan Corridor 14 Challenges for China 15 American flexibility 15 TTP’s alliance with Baluch separatists 15 Fragmented peace process and Pakistani-Afghan 15 discord India’s options 17 Conclusion 19 Endnotes 20 3 Photo above: Representatives from China and Pakistan sign cooperation documents during the ninth Joint Cooperation Committee meeting of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor in Islamabad, Pakistan, Nov. -
PTM Leader Arbitrary Detention
PTM LEADER DETAINED BY PAKISTANI GOVERNMENT IN VIOLATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS RIGHTS WATCH (UK) BRIEFING 28 January 2019 Summary - The leader of the Pashtun Tahafuz Movement (PTM), Manzoor Pashteen, was arrested in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan on 27 January 2020. The arrest comes ahead of a planned rally organised for Monday 27 January, which has been postponed following his arrest. - Official information relating to the grounds for his arrest indicate charges stemming from his alleged violation of laws prohibiting sedition, criminal intimidation, conspiracy and condemnation of the Pakistani State. - The situation giving rise to these charges was a speech given at a large gathering by Pashteen on January 18 2020, where he demanded that the Pashtun people should enjoy the protection of the Pakistan constitution.1 In addition to the severe and long-running abuse of the Pashtun people’s civil and political rights, he also mentioned the abuse of their socio- and economic rights. In particular, he said that communities living in KP do not receive adequate access to water, energy and state revenues therefrom. Police documents, however, accuse Pashteen of rejecting Pakistan’s constitution and using “insulting language” against the State. - It is understood that after each and every peaceful gathering of the PTM, of which there have been a number throughout Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) and KP, a First Information Report (a basic document used to report a crime which serves as the first step to launch the criminal investigation process) is issued against Pashteen, however this is the first time he has been arrested pursuant to a FIR. -
Tribes and Intrastate Conflict: Using Indigenous Methods for Conflict Resolution in Pakistan’S Tribal Frontier
Tribes and Intrastate Conflict: Using Indigenous Methods for Conflict Resolution in Pakistan’s Tribal Frontier Farooq Yousaf Master of Public Policy (M.P.P) - University of Erfurt (Germany) A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Politics The University of Newcastle January 2019 This research was supported by an Australian Government Research Training Program (RTP) Scholarship Statement of Originality I hereby certify that the work embodied in the thesis is my own work, conducted under normal supervision. The thesis contains no material which has been accepted, or is being examined, for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university or other tertiary institution and, to the best of my knowledge and belief, contains no material previously published or written by another person, except where due reference has been made. I give consent to the final version of my thesis being made available worldwide when deposited in the University’s Digital Repository, subject to the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968 and any approved embargo. Farooq Yousaf ii Acknowledgements I would like to, first of all, thank my primary supervisor, Dr Tod Moore, for his never-ending support and feedback on my thesis since April 2015. It was due to his support that for I never felt pressured and stressed throughout the writing process of my thesis. Dr Moore always remained available to give me feedback not only my thesis but other academic works as well. Secondly, I would like to thank my second supervisor, Dr John Tate, who, in the final part of my PhD, spent a lot of time to give me constructive feedback on my work.