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Berita Penelitian Arkeologi BERITA PENELITIAN ARKEOLOGI NO:12 LAPORAN HASIL SURVAI DI DAERAH NUSA TENGGARA BARAT JAKARTA 1977 LAPORAN HASIL SURVAI KEPURBAKALAAN DI DAERAH NUSA TENGGARA BARAT NO:12 Penyusun Laporan : Ahmad Cholid Sodrie Proyek Pengembangan Media Kebudayaan Departemen P & K. Copy right DAFTAR ISI Pusat Penelitian Purbakala dan Peninggalan Nasional 1977 Halaman. I. PENDAHULUAN 1 O. SEJARAH PENELITIAN 2 IH. LOKASI DAN KEADAAN ALAM NUSA TENGGARA BARAT 2 IV. SURVAI DI DAERAH NUSA TENGGARA BARAT 2 A. Tehnik 2 B. Daerah yang dikunjungi 2 V. HASIL-HASIL SURVAI 3 A. Lombok 3 1. Lombok Barat 3 Dewan Redaksi 2. Lombok Tengah 5 Satyawati Suleiman ketua 3. Lombok Timur 6 Rumbi Mulia wakil ketua B. Sumbawa 6 R. P. Soejono anggota Soe/atmi Safari anggota 1. Sumbawa Besar 9 Hasan M. Ambary anggota 2. Dompu 12 3. Bima 13 VI. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN-SARAN 18 VII. SUMMARY 19 VIII. LAMPIRAN-LAMPIRAN 20 A. Daftar peta, gambar dan foto 20 B. Peta 22 C. Gambar-gambar 24 D. Foto-foto 28 • • • • • Percetakan Offset P.T. "RORA KARYA" - Jakarta. I. PENDAHULUAN : la dan Peninggalan Na• Dalam rangkaian kegiatan Unit Masterplan sional. pada Proyek Pembinaan Kepurbakalaan dan 3. Lalu Wacana B.A.— Kepala Bidang Permu• Peninggalan Nasional telah dilaksanakan penelitian seuman Sejarah dan Ke• kepurbakalaan di daerah Nusa Tenggara Barat. purbakalaan Kanwil.Dep. Kegiatan penelitian ini dilaksanakan mulai tanggal P dan K, Propinsi Nusa 23 Agustus 1976 selama satu bulan. Tenggara Barat. Daerah Nusa Tenggara Barat yang terdiri 4. Drs. Abdul Wa- — Kantor Sub. Bidang PSK. dari dua pulau besar yaitu pulau Lombok dan hab H.I. Sda. pulau Sumbawa, merupakan daerah penelitian 5. Suhardjo S.H. — Kantor Sub Bidang PSK. utama. Mengingat sangat singkatnya waktu yang Sda. tersedia maka penelitian kepurbakalaan di daerah 6. Moh. Tarfi B.A. — Kantor Sub Bidang PSK. tersebut dibatasi pada penelitian kepurbakalaan Sda. dari masa Klasik dan masa Islam. Nusa Tenggara 7. Ida Wayan Pase — Kantor Seksi Kebudayaan Barat dengan peninggalan kepurbakalaannya tidak Kandep. P dan K. akan cukup diteliti dalam waktu sebulan. Pengang• Kabupaten Lombok Barat kutan di daerah ini belum bisa dikatakan baik, NTB. terutama di daerah Sumbawa, sehingga penelitian 8. M. Mahrip — Kantor Seksi Kebudayaan yang dilaksanakan hanya berkisar pada tempat- Kandep P & K Kabupaten tempat yang bisa dicapai oleh kendaraan, meskipun Lombok Tengah — NTB. masih sangat banyak peninggalan kepurbakalaan 9. Lalu Maas — Kantor Seksi Kebudayaan di tempat lain. Kandep. P & K Kabupaten Lombok Timur — NTB. Tujuan penelitian di Nusa Tenggara Barat ialah mengadakan inventarisasi kepurbakalaan 10. Manawari B.A. — Kantor Seksi Kebudayaan yang telah diteliti dan mencari situs-situs Kandep. P & K Kabupaten kepurbakalaan yang baru yang belum pernah Sumbawa Besar — NTB. diteliti. Situs-situs yang diteliti berdasarkan laporan 11. Hasan Amin B.A. — Kantor Seksi Kebudayaan dari pemerintah setempat maupun pejabat Kandep P & K, Kabupaten kebudayaan Departemen P dan K. Penelitian pada Dompu — NTB. tahap ini ditekankan pada penelitian bangunan- 12. Arsyad Muham- — Kantor Seksi Kebudayaan bangunan dan kepurbakalaan yang lain, berupa mad Kandep P & K Kabupateft relik-relik atau benda-benda lain yang berkaitan Bima — NTB. dengan situs kepurbakalaan tersebut. Pelaksanaan survai di Nusa Tenggara Barat Pelaksana penelitian terdiri dari unsur-unsur dilakukan setengah bulan di Lombok dan setengah Pusat Penelitian Purbakala dan Peninggalan bulan lagi untuk survai di Sumbawa. Nasional dengan mengikut-sertakan tenaga dari Team penelitian purbakala merasa sangat Bidang Permuseuman Sejarah dan Kepurbakalaan berterima kasih atas bantuan yang telah diberikan Kanwil Departemen P dan K Propinsi Nusa kepada team sehingga survai kepurbakalaan berjalan Tenggara Barat dan Kasi-Kasi Kebudayaan Kandep. dengan lancar. Ucapan terima kasih team ditujukan P dan K kabupaten dimana situs kepurbakalaan kepada : Gubernur Kepala Daerah Prop. Nusa itu diketemukan. Mengikut-sertakan tenaga dari Tenggara Barat, Bupati, Camat dan Kepala Desa daerah dimaksudkan untuk pembinaan tenaga dalam lingkungan Propinsi Nusa Tenggara daerah dalam pengelolaan dan penelitian ke• Barat. Juga kepada Kepala Kantor Wilayah purbakalaan yang terdapat di wilayahnya masing- Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Propinsi masing. Pelaksana penelitian kepurbakalaan Nusa Tenggara Barat beserta Kepala Bidang selengkapnya adalah sebagai berikut : Permuseuman Sejarah dan Kepurbakalaan dan para stafnya, Kasi Kebudayaan dan Penilik Kebudayaan di daerah tersebut di atas yang telah 1. Ahmad Cholid — Pusat Penelitian Purbaka- membantu dengan sepenuh hati. Sodrie la dan Peninggalan Na• Diharapkan pelaksanaan survai kepurbakalaan sional. ini akan bermanfaat bagi daerah Nusa Tenggara 2. R.M. Susanto — Pusat Penelitian Purbaka• Barat pada masa yang akan datang. 1 0. SEJARAH PENELITIAN. 4. Kab. Sumbawa Besar seluas 5.913 km2. c. Selaparang makam-makam raja saja. Hampir di tiap kabupaten 2 Daerah Nusa Tenggara Barat dengan kepur• 5. Kabupaten Dompu seluas 2.217 km . d. Terara di daerah Sumbawa situs-situs tersebut ada, hanya 2 bakalaannya dalam masa yang lalu kurang 6. Kab. Bima seluas 4.870 km . e. Sambalia di daerah Kabupaten Dompu team tidak me• mendapat perhatian dari peneliti-peneliti bidang Jumlah daerah kecamatan 56 kecamatan nemukan bekas keraton/istana raja atau sultan. kepurbakalaan. dengan 565 buah desanya menurut data yang II. Sumbawa. Di daerah-daerah kabupaten Sumbawa Besar, Pada tahun 1972 sebuah team dari Panitia diperoleh dari buku Monografi Daerah Nusa istana tua dari kerajaan Samawa sudah sangat 1. Sumbawa Besar. Penyusun Buku Standard Sejarah Nasional Tenggara Barat. tua, tinggal menunggu keruntuhannya saja bila Indonesia telah mengadakan penelitian data-data Daerah Nusa Tenggara Barat dipengaruhi a. Alas tidak mendapat perhatian. Kabupaten Dompu sejarah di daerah Nusa Tenggara Barat. Team oleh angin muson, angin barat yang basah dan b. Seran kecamatan Seteluk dengan situs Doro Bata menarik untuk mendapat tersebut dipimpin oleh Drs. Suwadji Sjafei dan angin tenggara yang kering, karenanya hanya c. Sumbawa Besar penelitian lebih lanjut. Di daerah kabupaten beranggautakan ahli-ahli purbakala yakni Drs. mengenal enam bulan kemarau dan enam bulan d. Batu tering Bima kompleks makam Dantaraha yang baru, M.M. Soekarto, Drs. Hasan Muarif Ambary dan penghujan. pada bulan Juni 1976 telah dilakukan penggalian 2. Dompu Drs. M. Suhadi. Pulau Lombok keadaannya lebih subur liar kompleks tersebut. Mereka yang berhak Beberapa ahli lain yang telah meneliti dan bila dibandingkan dengan pulau Sumbawa. a. Romo, desa Adu kecamatan Huu memelihara dan melindunginya sebagai peninggalan menulis karangan yang ada sangkut-pautnya b. Sigi, desa Kari Jawa kecamatan Dompu yang sangat berharga tidak memperhatikannya. dengan Nusa Tenggara Barat, adalah antara lain : IV. SURVAI DI DAERAH NUSA TENGGARA c. Bukit Doro Swete, kampung Bali I, desa Kompleks makam Tolobali dengan makam-makam BARAT. Bali I kecamatan Dompu berupa cungkup, pengaruh dari kerajaan Goa — N.J. Krom, "Hindoe Javaansche Geschiedenis" d. Doro Bata. dari Sulawesi Selatan, merupakan monumen M. Nijhoff 1931. A. Tehnik. yang perlu mendapat perlindungan sebagai situs 3. Bima. — W.F. Stutterheim, "Een Inscriptie van Dalam pelaksanaan survai di daerah Nusa kepurbakalaan. Dahulu terdapat tiga buah makam Lombok", DJAWA 1937, hlm. 309-311, Tenggara Barat dipakai metode observasi yakni a. Kecamatan Sanggar berbentuk kubah. Pada jaman Jepang sebuah dan "Het Meras Danoe op Lombok", DJAWA mengumpulkan sebanyak mungkin informasi b. Kecamatan Rasane makam terkena peluru meriam hingga hancur 1937, hlm 318-321. tentang kepurbakalaan baik yang baru diketemu- c. Kecamatan Wawo berantakan. — F.A. Liefrinck, "Een staatstuk van de vorst kan maupun yang sudah ada dari Kabid dan Kasi d. Kecamatan Sape. Kompleks makam di daerah Bima hampir ataupun dari Penilik-penilik kebudayaan setempat. semuanya bertuliskan huruf Arab di nisannya van Lombok", TBG 1900, di. 42 hlm.19-39. Di daerah Lombok penelitian kebanyakan Dalam hal ini dimaksudkan agar dengan informasi- dan menyebutkan nama, tanggal, bulan serta — C.J. Van Eerde, "Aantekeningen over de dilakukan pada situs-situs bangunan, seperti informasi yang diterima ternyata tidak dapat angka tahun dengan anno hijrah. Keturunan dari Bodha's van Lombok". TBG 1901, di. 43 pura-pura tersebut di atas, yang terdapat di daerah diadakan penelitian pada waktu survai yang yang meninggal pun tercatat pada nisannya atau hlm. 290-310. Lombok Barat. Situs Pendua merupakan situs yang dilakukan, akan berguna sebagai bahan survai pada semacam keranda. Atau kadang-kadang pada — P. De Roo De La Faille, "Het Lustverblijf baru diketemukan yang mendapat perhatian yang akan datang. semacam gunungan seperti terdapat juga pada te Narmada (Lombok)," TBG 1899, di. 41 khusus dari team, dan diperlukan untuk diteliti makam-makam di daerah Madura. hlm. 416-430. B. Daerah yang dikunjungi. lebih lanjut. Lombok Tengah dengan kompleks makam dan mesjid yang sudah dimakan masa I. Lombok. V. HASIL SURVAI III. LOKASI DAN KEADAAN ALAM DAERAH dan alam karena tuanya, ditambah dengan NUSA TENGGARA BARAT. 1. Lombok Barat. kegersangan daerahnya menambah kekhawatiran A. Lombok Situs-situs yang diteliti di daerah ini adalah : akan musnahnya situs-situs tersebut. Selama Nusa Tenggara Barat terletak antara : 1. Lombok Barat. penelitian di daerah Lombok Timur, team 115° 46' Bujur Timur a. Taman dan Pura Narmada menemukan dua buah temuan baru di daerah A.l.a. Taman dan Pura Narmada. 119° 10' Bujur Timur
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