DOCSLIB.ORG

Energy Retrofit Field Study and Best Practices Hot-Humid Climate

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Energy Retrofit Field Study and Best Practices Hot-Humid Climate Energy Retrofit Field Study and Best Practices in a Hot-Humid Climate J. McIlvaine, K. Sutherland, and E. Martin Building America Partnership for Improved Residential Construction March 2013 NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, subcontractors, or affiliated partners makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or any agency thereof. Available electronically at http://www.osti.gov/bridge Available for a processing fee to U.S. Department of Energy and its contractors, in paper, from: U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831-0062 phone: 865.576.8401 fax: 865.576.5728 email: mailto:[email protected] Available for sale to the public, in paper, from: U.S. Department of Commerce National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161 phone: 800.553.6847 fax: 703.605.6900 email: [email protected] online ordering: http://www.ntis.gov/ordering.htm Printed on paper containing at least 50% wastepaper, including 20% postconsumer waste Energy Retrofit Field Study and Best Practices in a Hot-Humid Climate Prepared for: The National Renewable Energy Laboratory On behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Building America Program Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy 15013 Denver West Parkway Golden, CO 80401 NREL Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 Prepared by: J. McIlvaine, K. Sutherland, and E. Martin BA-PIRC/Florida Solar Energy Center 1679 Clearlake Road Cocoa, FL 32922 NREL Technical Monitor: Stacey Rothgeb Prepared under Subcontract No. KNDJ-0-40339-00 March 2013 iii [This page left blank] iv Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................... xi List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................ vi List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................. vii Definitions ................................................................................................................................................. viii Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................... ix 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ..........................................................................................................................3 1.2 Stakeholder Need .................................................................................................................4 1.3 Analysis Tools and Methods ................................................................................................4 2 Dataset Characterization and Retrofit Trends ................................................................................... 6 2.1 Dataset Overview .................................................................................................................6 2.2 Thermal Envelope Components ...........................................................................................7 2.2.1 Exterior Wall Construction and Insulation ..............................................................7 2.2.2 Exterior Wall Solar Absorptance .............................................................................8 2.2.3 Windows ..................................................................................................................9 2.2.4 Roof........................................................................................................................12 2.2.5 Ceiling Insulation ...................................................................................................14 2.3 Building Infiltration ...........................................................................................................16 2.4 Mechanical Space Conditioning Systems ..........................................................................19 2.4.1 Mechanical Equipment Efficiency, Pre-Retrofit ....................................................20 2.4.2 Mechanical Equipment Size ..................................................................................24 2.4.3 Air Handler Unit Location and Configuration .......................................................24 2.4.4 Duct Heat Transfer .................................................................................................28 2.4.5 Duct Airtightness ...................................................................................................29 2.4.6 Outside Air Ventilation ..........................................................................................31 2.4.7 Thermostats ............................................................................................................32 2.5 Domestic Hot Water ..........................................................................................................32 2.6 Appliances..........................................................................................................................33 2.7 Lighting and Ceiling Fans ..................................................................................................34 2.8 Conditioned Area Reductions ............................................................................................34 3 Whole-House Improvement and Cost Effectiveness ...................................................................... 36 3.1 HERS Index Improvement .................................................................................................36 3.2 Composition of Deep Energy Retrofit Improvement Packages .........................................38 3.3 Cost Effectiveness of Energy Retrofit Improvement Packages .........................................41 4 Gaps and Challenges ......................................................................................................................... 45 5 Best Practices ..................................................................................................................................... 46 6 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................................ 51 References ................................................................................................................................................. 52 Appendix A: 30% Energy Efficiency Solution Package ........................................................................ 54 Appendix B: Deep Energy Retrofit Packages ........................................................................................ 58 Appendix C: Draft Current Best Practices .............................................................................................. 65 Appendix D: Sarasota NSP Energy Conservation Standards .............................................................. 70 v List of Figures Figure 1. Mean HERS Index at pre-and post-retrofit by decade vintage ............................................... x Figure 2. U.S. Census Bureau historical housing starts by decade ...................................................... 1 Figure 3. U.S. Census Bureau regions ...................................................................................................... 1 Figure 4. Building America climate zone map ......................................................................................... 2 Figure 5. Study homes of typical character with ranch style floor plans, slab-on-grade foundations, concrete block exterior walls, low sloped roofs, and 8-ft ceiling heights ............... 3 Figure 6. Vintage of the 70 home dataset spanned 49 years .................................................................. 6 Figure 7. Conditioned floor area for the pre-retrofit dataset .................................................................. 7 Figure 8. Typical wall construction of light color paint on stucco finish over concrete block .......... 8 Figure 9. Typical awning-style window type ............................................................................................ 9 Figure 10. Pre-retrofit awning window in its most closed position is still slightly open as indicated by the pitch of the red line. ................................................................................................................ 12 Figure 11. Roof pitch plotted by vintage displays trend of older homes with shallower pitch n = 70 ...................................................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Path to a Deep Energy Retrofit
    M OUN KY T C A I O N R I N E THE PATH TO STIT U T A DEEP ENERGY RETROFIT USING AN ENERGY SAVINGS PERFORMANCE CONTRACT Seven key steps will help owners reach deeper energy savings through Energy Savings Performance Contracts (ESPCs). ESPCs are partnerships between a Federal agency and an energy service company (ESCO) that allow Federal agencies to complete energy-savings projects without upfront capital costs or special Congressional appropriations. What is a deep energy retrofit? Deep energy retrofits integrate a variety of energy conservation measures (ECMs) through a whole building approach to achieve superior energy savings compared to conventional retrofits, often approaching or exceeding 50% savings. They also make net-zero energy buildings more achievable by substantially reducing energy demand, which makes it easier and more cost-effective to meet remaining energy needs with renewable energy. Why do a deep energy retrofit? • To reduce GHG emissions and support the President’s Climate Deep retrofits can be Action Plan implemented across a wide spectrum of buildings and • Maximize the value of Federal appropriations conditions: • To replace aging infrastructure and improve a building system’s What is not (necessarily) reliability required for deep energy • To reduce operating costs and hedge against risks such as rising savings: high energy prices, high energy costs energy consumption or advanced energy conservation measures. • To improve occupant satisfaction, wellness, and productivity What is required for deep • To maintain access to additional cost-effective upgrades and savings: buildings in need of an infrastructure renewal in the future energy retrofit, agency support, a thorough audit process to identify measures, and an integrative Brought to you by GSA’s Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings design approach.
    [Show full text]
  • Paper Preparation Guidelines
    2018 Building Performance Analysis Conference and SimBuild co-organized by ASHRAE and IBPSA-USA Chicago, IL September 26-28, 2018 DEEP ENERGY RETROFIT VS IMPROVING BUILDING INTELLIGENCE – DANISH CASE STUDY Muhyiddine Jradi1*, Christian T. Veje1, and Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen1 1Center for Energy Informatics, The Mærsk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark *Email:[email protected] effective energy measures and techniques (Nielsen et al. ABSTRACT 2016). However, the current approach in the majority of This study provides a preliminary assessment of the energy renovation projects and applications is driven by trade-off between deep energy retrofit and improving the need to change and modify with the absence of a the building intelligence within an energy renovation proper decision-making strategy considering different process. A standard Danish office building from the components including building envelope and energy 1980’s is considered as a case study. A detailed energy systems integration (Friege and Chappin 2014). One of model was developed in EnergyPlus to simulate the the major energy renovation approaches which has dynamic performance of the case study building. gained vast interest in the recent years is the ‘Deep Various deep energy retrofit measures were Energy Retrofit’ (DER) (Jradi et al. 2017), which is an implemented and assessed. In addition, different overall whole-building renovation approach to attain measures to improve the energy efficiency and significant energy savings. The Massachusetts Save intelligence of the building were investigated and Energy Retrofit Builder Guide defines DER as the simulated with emphasis on European Standard EN retrofit of the building enclosure and systems resulting 15232 recommendations for control and management of into a high performance building (BSC 2013).
    [Show full text]
  • Business and Technical Concepts for Deep Energy Retrofit of Public Buildings
    AT-15-009 Business and Technical Concepts for Deep Energy Retrofit of Public Buildings Alexander Zhivov, PhD Ruediger Lohse John Shonder Cyrus Nasseri Member ASHRAE Member ASHRAE Member ASHRAE Member ASHRAE Heimo Staller Ove Moerck, PhD Marko Nokkala ABSTRACT energy retrofit projects. Nevertheless, in many countries the number of projects funded by ESPCs still do not form a signif- Many governments worldwide are setting more stringent icant part of the total investment budgeted by public institu- targets for reductions in energy use in government/public tions for energy retrofits. This paper presents the concept and buildings. Buildings constructed more than 10 years ago several case studies that illustrate mechanisms that will account for a major share of energy used by the building stock. increase the acceptance of deep energy retrofit (DER) and However, the funding and “know-how” (applied knowledge) broaden acceptance of its implementation using ESPCs for a available for owner-directed energy retrofit projects has not comprehensive refurbishment of existing buildings. kept pace with new requirements.With typical retrofit projects, reduction of energy use varies between 10% and 20%, while TECHNOLOGY BUNDLES experience from executed projects around the globe shows that energy-use reduction can exceed 50%, and renovated build- What Is Deep Energy Retrofit? ings can cost-effectively achieve the passive-house standard or even approach net zero energy status (Hermelink and Muller, Though the deep energy retrofit (DER) concept is currently 2010; NBI 2014; RICS 2013; GreenBuildingAdvisor.com used all over the world, there is no established global definition of 2013; Shonder and Nasseri 2015; Miller and Higgins 2015; this term.
    [Show full text]
  • Proven Performance of Seven Cold Climate Deep Retrofit Homes R
    Proven Performance of Seven Cold Climate Deep Retrofit Homes R. Osser, K. Neuhauser, and K. Ueno Building Science Corporation June 2012 This report received minimal editorial review at NREL NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, subcontractors, or affiliated partners makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or any agency thereof. Available electronically at http://www.osti.gov/bridge Available for a processing fee to U.S. Department of Energy and its contractors, in paper, from: U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831-0062 phone: 865.576.8401 fax: 865.576.5728 email: mailto:[email protected] Available for sale to the public, in paper, from: U.S. Department of Commerce National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161 phone: 800.553.6847 fax: 703.605.6900 email: [email protected] online ordering: http://www.ntis.gov/ordering.htm Printed on paper containing at least 50% wastepaper, including 20% postconsumer waste Proven Performance of Seven Cold Climate Deep Retrofit Homes Prepared for: Building America Building Technologies Program Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Identifying Design Opportunities for Deep Energy Retrofits
    RetroFit Depot Identifying Design Opportunities for Deep Energy Retrofits Available for download at www.RetroFitDepot.org Introducing the Retrofit Depot: Deep Energy Retrofit Guides Several commercial building energy retrofit guides already exist, but none address deep energy retrofits. Rocky Mountain Institute wants the owners, occupants, service providers, and retrofit practitioners1 of our nation’s commercial buildings to be aware of the opportunity in deep energy retrofits. We want them to know the value. We want them to have a solid understanding of the process. We also want to arm them with design recommendations that will help make their deep energy retrofits most effective. Provides comprehensive guidance on BuIlDInG framing and quantifying the value of thE CasE Such is the aim of the RetroFit Depot website. It is an unbiased source of 1 deep energy retrofits. information about deep energy retrofits for commercial buildings. On the website people are able to gain a high level understanding of the value of deep retrofits and the required process to achieve them. For those who would like to learn more, we have created a set of three guides. Lists the key components of the manaGInG deep energy retrofit process that Since you are now reading the Guide to Managing Deep Energy Retrofits, DEEp EnERGy limit or eliminate cost premiums, you are likely motivated to realize the value of deep energy retrofits as 2 REtROfIts enable risk management, and create described on the RetroFit Depot website and the Building the Case guide. maximum value. This guide will help you understand the key action items for a deep energy retrofit.
    [Show full text]
  • Deep Energy Retrofits
    A Practical Look atDeep-Energy Retrofits BY MARTIN HOLLADAY Cutting a home’s energy use by f you pay any attention to 50% to 90% is a worthy goal, but the building science, you have extreme costs keep it out of reach probably seen the term “deep-energy retrofit”— for many. We take a look at the Ia phrase being thrown around most cost-effective alternatives. with the colloquiality of “sus- tainability” and “green.” Like the word “green,” the term “deep-energy retrofit” is poorly defined and somewhat ambig- uous. In most cases, though, “deep-energy retrofit” is used to describe remodeling projects designed to reduce a house’s energy use by 50% to 90%. Remodelers have been per- forming deep-energy retrofits— originally called “superinsulation retrofits”—since the 1980s (see “retrofit Superinsulation,” FHB #20 and online at Fine Homebuilding.com). Most deep- energy retrofit projects are pre- dominantly focused on reducing heating and cooling loads, not on the upgrade of appliances, light- ing, or finish materials. While a deep-energy retrofit yields a home that is more com- fortable and healthful to live in, the cost of such renovation work can be astronomical, making this type of retrofit work impossible for many people in this country. Those of us who can’t afford a deep-energy retrofit can still An old house with a new shell. This deep-energy retrofit in Somer- ville, Mass., received 4 in. of spray polyurethane foam on its exte- study the deep-energy approach, rior. (For more information, see the case study on p.
    [Show full text]
  • Deep Energy Retrofits Market in the Greater Boston Area
    DEEP ENERGY RETROFITS MARKET IN THE GREATER BOSTON AREA Commissioned by the Netherlands Enterprise Agency Final Report DEEP ENERGY RETROFITS MARKET IN THE GREATER BOSTON AREA Submitted: 13 October 2020 Prepared for: The Netherlands Innovation Network This report was commissioned by the Netherlands Enterprise Agency RVO. InnovationQuarter served as an advisor on the project. Contents I. Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 3 II. Overview of Policy Drivers ........................................................................................................... 5 III. Economic Opportunity Assessment .............................................................................................. 9 IV. Market Snapshot ....................................................................................................................... 11 V. Actor Profiles ............................................................................................................................. 24 VI. Appendix ................................................................................................................................... 33 2 I. Introduction Cadmus is supporting the Netherlands Innovation Network (NIN) by providing an overview of the deep energy retrofit market in the Greater Boston Area. This report is intended to help Dutch companies in identify strategic opportunities to enter or expand their business opportunities in the Greater
    [Show full text]
  • Emerging Pathways to Upgrade the US Housing Stock a Review of the Home Energy Upgrade Literature
    Emerging Pathways to Upgrade the US Housing Stock A Review of the Home Energy Upgrade Literature Brennan D. Less Iain S. Walker Núria Casquero-Modrego Energy Technologies Area February 2021 1 Disclaimer This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. While this document is believed to contain correct information, neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor the Regents of the University of California, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by its trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof, or the Regents of the University of California. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof or the Regents of the University of California. This work was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building Technologies Office, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. 2 Abstract This review addresses whole home energy upgrades targeting deep energy reductions (i.e., Deep Energy Retrofits, or DERs), from 30 to >50% site energy savings. The intent of this work is to characterize how energy upgrade projects and programs have evolved and improved over the past decade, and to identify what changes are needed to drive expansion of the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Retrofitting the Southeast: the Cool Energy House
    Retrofitting the Southeast: The Cool Energy House W. Zoeller, C. Shapiro, G. Vijayakumar, and S. Puttagunta Consortium for Advanced Residential Buildings February 2013 NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, subcontractors, or affiliated partners makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or any agency thereof. Available electronically at http://www.osti.gov/bridge Available for a processing fee to U.S. Department of Energy and its contractors, in paper, from: U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831-0062 phone: 865.576.8401 fax: 865.576.5728 email: mailto:[email protected] Available for sale to the public, in paper, from: U.S. Department of Commerce National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161 phone: 800.553.6847 fax: 703.605.6900 email: [email protected] online ordering: http://www.ntis.gov/ordering.htm Printed on paper containing at least 50% wastepaper, including 20% postconsumer waste Retrofitting the Southeast: The Cool Energy House Prepared for: The National Renewable Energy Laboratory On behalf of the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Implementing Deep Energy Step-By-Step Retrofits
    Implementing www.europhit.eu deep energy | 1 | step-by-step retrofits EuroPHit | Increasing the European potential 1 Implementing deep energy step-by-step retrofits EuroPHit: Increasing the european potential 2 3 Contents Contents ................................................................................03 Foreword ...............................................................................04 [1] Deep energy retrofits: the European potential ..........10 [2] EnerPHit Retrofit Plan and PHPP ..............................14 [3] Practical implementation: projects + case studies ....20 [4] Product development ....................................................38 [5] Financing solutions .......................................................60 [6] What now? The way forward .......................................68 [7] Further information ......................................................74 Imprint ..................................................................................76 4 Foreword This project is designed to raise consciousness, to inform and to stimulate a response by policy makers, financing bodies and product developers to promote an innovative ecosystem committed to deep energy retrofits of our inherited building stock. Old and inefficient buildings have been identified as one of the biggest contributors to energy wastage in the EU. Improving energy efficiency is one of the pillars of the EU’s policy response to addressing the challenges of climate change and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Pat Cox Former
    [Show full text]
  • Integrated Energy Performance Contracting in Building Retrofit Projects
    1 INTEGRATED ENERGY PERFORMANCE CONTRACTING IN BUILDING RETROFIT PROJECTS INTEGRATED ENERGY PERFORMANCE CONTRACTING IN BUILDING RETROFIT PROJECTS 2 INTEGRATED ENERGY PERFORMANCE CONTRACTING IN BUILDING RETROFIT PROJECTS TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface...................................................................................................................................... 3 1. Needs for building stock upgrades and benefits of deep energy retrofits .................... 4 Pursuing governments’ climate targets to achieve market uptake of energy efficiency in buildings ............................................................................................ 4 Economic benefits for building owners: Green value and reduced operating costs ..............4 2. Bottlenecks of deep retrofits in buildings ........................................................................ 5 Bottlenecks of current contractual relationships ................................................................... 6 3. Integrated Energy Performance Contracting: A cutting-edge approach to building retrofits .................................................................. 8 Integrated Project Delivery: A model in construction ............................................................. 8 Conceptualization of Integrated Energy Performance Contracting (IEPC) ........................... 8 The seven pillars of IEPC ..................................................................................................... 9 Challenges of the IEPC framework .....................................................................................17
    [Show full text]
  • Mass Save Deep Energy Retrofit Builder Guide PART 1: DER CONCEPTS Legal Disclaimer
    Mass save Deep energy retrofit builDer guiDe PART 1: DER CONCEPTS legal DisclaiMer USE THIS DOCUMENT AT YOUR OWN RISK. The information in this document is provided to you gratuitously and there is no agreement or understanding between you and Mass Save® and its Sponsors. This document is meant only as a guide. The purpose of this document is to provide guidance on deep energy retrofits and deep energy retrofit measures for residential single-family and multi-family buildings. Information given in this document shall in no event be regarded as a guarantee of any particular outcome, results, conditions or characteristics. Mass Save® and its Sponsors makes absolutely no representations, warranties, promises or guarantees with respect to the contents of this document, express or implied, including, but not limited to warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. Mass Save® and its Sponsors assume no liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of any information, equipment, apparatus, product, process or other item provided in this document. References in this document to any specific commercial product, process or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply a recommendation or endorsement by Mass Save® and its Sponsors. © 2013 Building Science Corporation This book may not be duplicated in any way without the express written consent of the authors and publisher, except in the form of brief excerpts or quotations for the purposes of review. This material may not be reproduced or copied by any means and may not be incoporated in any books, databases or any kind of software without written consent of the publisher and authors.
    [Show full text]