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Utah Flora: Miscellaneous Families

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Utah Flora: Miscellaneous Families Great Basin Naturalist Volume 40 Number 1 Article 3 3-31-1980 Utah flora: miscellaneous families Stanley L. Welsh Brigham Young University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn Recommended Citation Welsh, Stanley L. (1980) "Utah flora: miscellaneous families," Great Basin Naturalist: Vol. 40 : No. 1 , Article 3. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn/vol40/iss1/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Western North American Naturalist Publications at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Great Basin Naturalist by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. UTAH FLORA: MISCELLANEOUS FAMILIES / Stanley L. Welsh' Abstract.— Considered in this treatment are the families Aquifoliaceae, Canabinaceae, Ericaceae, Krameriaceae, Magnoliaceae, Moraceae, Oleaceae, Pyrolaceae, Resedaceae, Tamaricaceae, and Tiliaceae. These 11 families include 61 cultivated, escaped, and indigenous species. The flora of Utah is both large and diverse. Aquifoliaceae A portion of the diversity is due to the pres- Holly Family ence of a large number of cultivated species Evergreen Shrubs or small trees: leaves al- in many plant families. Floras of regions have ternate, simple, coriaceous, armed with spiny traditionally avoided inclusion of strictly cul- stipules minute, caducous; flowers usu- tivated species. Only those taxa which escape teeth; ally imperfect, regular, small and inconspic- and become acclimated have been treated. uous, solitary or few in axillary cymes; sepals Included are the cultivated plants and those species which escape. The present treatment usually 4, more or less connate basally; petals usually 4, distinct or slightly connate basally; covers all taxa in common cultivation, and es- stamens or staminodes usually 4 (-9), alter- pecially those which are represented in re- nate with the petals; pistil 1, the ovary supe- gional herbaria. In Table 1 a list is presented rior, 3- to many-loculed, the carpels of the families treated herein, the numbers of as many genera and species, and whether cultivated as the locules; fruit a globose, berrylike drupe or indigenous. with 2-8 bony 1 -seeded divisions. Ilex L. The list heavily favors the cultivated and/or escaped species, and, because of the Evergreen; leaves thick and shining; flow- status of cultivated species collections, the ers small, mostly in few-flowered axillary treatment is likely to be incomplete. It is cymes; staminodia usually present in pistil- presented herein for use by students of the late flowers, a rudimentary pistil present in flora who want to know the names of culti- most staminate flowers; fruit usually brightly vated and of native plant species. colored. (Note: Members of this family are known in Utah in cultivation only). Flowers in axillary clusters on branches of the previous year /. oquifolium Flowers in solitary cymes on branches of the current year /. opaca Ilex aquifolium L. English Holly. Tall Cannabinaceae shnibs to small trees of ornamental plantings, Hemp Family rare in Utah; introduced from the Old World; 1(0). Plants herbaceous, with watery juice; Ilex opaca Art. American Holly. Low to leaves alternate or opposite, palmately moderate shrubs of ornamental plantings, oc- veined and lobed or divided to essentially casional in Utah; introduced from the eastern compound; stipules persistent; flowers imper- United States; 1(0). 'Life Science Museum and Department of Botany and Range Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602. 38 March 1980 Welsh: Utah Flora, Miscellaneous Families 39 feet, the plants dioecious, regular, the stami- pistillate flowers and enclosing the ovary; nate in open racemes or panicles, the pistil- stamens 5; pistil 1, 2-carpelled, the styles 2; late in dense clusters; sepals 5, connate in fruit an achene. Plants strong-smelling, stout, erect herbs; leaves palmately 5- to 9-parted .. Cannabis Plants rough-stemmed clambering vines; leaves coarsely 3- to 7-lobed Humulus CaNxNabis L. Plants dioecious or rarely some mon- oecous; leaves palmately lobed to parted and apparently compound, alternate or the lower opposite; flowers small, inconspicuous, the staminate in leafy panicles in upper axils; sepals 5, oblong; stamens 5; pistillate flowers in small clusters on leafy branches from up- per axils, each flower subtended and enclosed by an acuminate bract, the calyx barelv lobed, surrounding only the base of the ovary; stigmas 2, elongate; fruit a lenticular achene, enclosed within the accrescent bract. Small, E. and A. Cronquist. 1976. A practical and natural taxonomv for Cannabis. Taxon 5: 405-435. Cannabis sativa L. Hemp, Marijuana, Hashish, Pot, Grass. Plants 6-20 dm tall or more, the stems simple or much branched; leaves long petioled, the blades 3- to 7-part- ed, the segments oblanceolate to elliptic, at- tenuate to accuminate apically, sharply ser- rate, mostly 4-12 cm long and 0.4-1.8 cm wide, scabrous and more or less glandular and pubescent; achenes mostly 3.5-4.5 mm long. Cultivated historically in Utah for fiber Table 1. Families, genera, and species treated. 40 Great Basin Naturalist Vol. 40, No. 1 L., or European hop, is grown in the United ers perfect, regular, axillary, in terminal clus- States, where it has escaped and persists. ters, or solitary; sepals mostly 4 or 5, distinct Though not definitely known for Utah, the or more or less connate; petals mostly 4 or 5, European hop might occur here. It can be connate or distinct, the corolla rotate to fun- distinguished by its unlobed leaves, or when nelform or urn shaped; stamens as many as lobed, the terminal lobe is less than twice the corolla lobes and alternate with them or longer than broad; 27(v). twice as many, the anthers dehiscent by ter- minal pores or by longitudinal slits; pistils Ericaceae 1, the ovary superior or inferior, usually with Heath Family 4-10 carpels and locules; styles 1, the stigma Shrubs or subshnibs; leaves simple, alter- capitate or lobed; fruit a capsule or a berry. nate, sometimes leathery or persistent; flow- 1. Ovary inferior or apparently so 2 - Ovary superior 3 2(1). Plants prostrate shrublets, rooting along the stems; ovary superior but sur- rounded by the fleshy calyx when ripe and apparently inferior Gaultheria (hiimifusa) - Plants erect or ascending, rooting only at the base; ovary inferior Vciccinium 3(1). Flowers borne in terminal corymbs, white, the segments of the corolla much longer than the short tube; leaves punctate below with yellow-glandular dots ... Ledum - Flowers solitary and axillary or in axillary racemes, rarely terminal, pink to lavender, the segments of the corolla much shorter than the tube; leaves lacking glandular punctae 4 4(3). Corolla broadly saucer shaped or ratate, not constricted at the apex Kahnia Corolla campanulate to urn shaped, often more or less constricted at the throat 5 5(4). Corolla campanulate; anthers lacking appendages; fruit a capsule embedded in a fleshy calyx Gaultheria {humifusa) Corolla urn shaped; anthers 2-awned; fruit a berry Arctostaphylos Arctostaphylos Adams pores, each with 2 hornlike appendages; ovary superior, usually 5-loculed; fruit fleshy, Evergreen prostrate to ascending or erect berrylike, 1- to several-seeded. shnibs, often with purplish to orange brown, smooth bark; leaves alternate, simple, Adams, entire, J. E. 1940. A systematic study of the leathery-thickened; flowers in terminal pan- genus Arctostaphylos. J. Elisha Mitchell icles or racemes, perfect, regular; sepals usu- Soc. 56: 1-62. ally 5; petals usually 5, united almost to the Eastwood, A. 1934. A revision of Arctosta- tips; corolla urn shaped; stamens usually 10, phylos with keys and descriptions. Leaft. included; anthers opening by falsely terminal West. Bot. 1: 105-127. Plants with creeping-prostrate stems; leaves obovate-spatulate, commonly less than 1.5 cm long X. uva-ursi Plants with stems ascending to erect; leaves mostlv ovate to lanceolate or elliptic, often more than 2 cm long 2 March 1980 Welsh: Utah Flora, Miscellaneous Families 41 2(1). Calvx and pedicels puherulent with spreading glandular hairs; twigs and leaves puberulent throughout with spreading hairs; plants of Washington County A. pringlei - Calyx glabrous or nearly so; twigs and leaves puberulent or sessile to sparingly stipitate-glandular or almost or quite glabrous; plants of various distribution 3 3(2). Twigs and axis of inflorescence white-puberulent, not glandular; plants of Washington and Kane counties A. piingens Twigs and axis of inflorescence glandular to glandular-puberulent; plants widely distributed A. patulu Arctostaphylos patula Greene. Green-leaf tioles pubescent like the twigs; inflorescence Manzanita. {Uva-iirsi patiila (Greene) paniculate or racemose, the axis and bracts Abranis; A. piingens var. phityphylla Gray; glandular-hairy; corolla pink, 6.5-8.5 mm A. platyphyUa (Gray) Kuntze; A. obtiisifolia long; ovary glandular-hairy; ovary glandular- Piper; A. patula var. incarnata Jeps.; A. pi- hairy; fruit 6-10 mm thick, ovoid, glandular- nctorum Rollins; A. parryana var. pinetorum hairy, red, with nutlets inseparable. Oak-juni- (Rollins) Weislander & Schreiber). Rounded per community, 1840-2750 m, in Washing- shrubs with gnarled stems to 15 cm long or ton County; Arizona, California and Baja more, the bark smooth, cinnamon to reddish California; 4(o). brown or purplish in color; branchlets Arctostaphylos pungens H.B.K. Mexican glandular-puberulent
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