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Tese Fernando Silveira Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Departamento de Botânica Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal Fernando Augusto de Oliveira e Silveira Ecofisiologia evolutiva de sementes de Melastomataceae de campos rupestres Orientador: Prof. Dr. José Pires Lemos Filho Co-orientador: Dr. Geraldo Wilson Afonso Fernandes Agosto/2011 Belo Horizonte – Minas Gerais 1 Fernando Augusto de Oliveira e Silveira Ecofisiologia evolutiva de sementes de Melastomataceae de campos rupestres Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de Doutor em Biologia Vegetal. Orientador: Prof. Dr. José Pires Lemos Filho Co-orientador: Dr. Geraldo Wilson Afonso Fernandes Agosto/2011 Belo Horizonte – Minas Gerais 2 ÍNDICE AGRADECIMENTOS ............................................................................................................... 07 INTRODUÇÃO GERAL ............................................................................................................10 LISTA DE CO -AUTORES ......................................................................................................... 14 RESUMO………………........................................................................................................ 15 ABSTRACT ……………......................................................................................................... 17 CAPÍTULO I – Seed and seedling ecophysiology of Neotropical Melastomataceae: implications for conservation and restoration of savannas and rain forests Abstract................................................................................................................................. 20 Resumen................................................................................................................................20 Introdução............................................................................................................................. 21 Desenvolvimento................................................................................................................... 23 Conclusão.............................................................................................................................. 55 CAPÍTULO II – Species-specific outcomes of gut passage on germination of melastome seeds Introdução............................................................................................................................. 58 Material e Métodos............................................................................................................... 59 Resultados.............................................................................................................................61 Discussão .............................................................................................................................. 62 CAPÍTULO III – The contribution of germination traits to niche differentiation in plants from different microhabitats and dispersal modes in Neotropical species-rich communities Abstract.................................................................................................................................69 Introdução.............................................................................................................................70 Material e Métodos...............................................................................................................72 Resultados.............................................................................................................................76 3 Discussão............................................................................................................................... 84 Material suplementar............................................................................................................. 89 CAPÍTULO IV – Evolution of physiological dormancy multiple times in Melastomataceae from Neotropical montane vegetation Abstract................................................................................................................................. 94 Introdução............................................................................................................................. 95 Material e Métodos............................................................................................................... 96 Resultados...........................................................................................................................100 Discussão.............................................................................................................................104 Material suplementar........................................................................................................... 107 CAPÍTULO V – Comparative ecophysiology of seed dormancy and germination in Neotropical montane savannas Abstract............................................................................................................................... 115 Introdução........................................................................................................................... 116 Material e Métodos............................................................................................................. 117 Resultados...........................................................................................................................122 Discussão.............................................................................................................................128 Material suplementar...........................................................................................................136 CAPÍTULO VI– Dinâmica de bancos de sementes de Melastomataceae em habitats heterogêneos Resumo................................................................................................................................145 Introdução...........................................................................................................................146 Material e Métodos............................................................................................................. 148 Resultados........................................................................................................................... 152 Discussão............................................................................................................................. 153 4 CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS .................................................................................................... 160 REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS ........................................................................................ 163 DEDICO ESTA TESE INTEGRALMENTE AOS MEUS PAIS “What you do for yourself dies with you. What you do for others lives on forever” Albert Pike 5 AGRADECIMENTOS (Oh, I get by with a little help from my friends!!!) Jamais poderia imaginar que depois de tanta leitura, tanto delineamento experimental, trabalho de campo e laboratório, tanta tabulação de dados e análises estatísticas, a parte mais difícil da tese seria esta. Tenho razoável noção de delineamento experimental e estatística, conheço relativamente bem a biologia das plantas que estudei e a literatura acerca do tema investigado, mas tenho muito pouca idéia de como agradecer a cada um dos elementos que me ajudaram a construir esta tese. Não sei a quem devo agradecer primeiro, e vagueio ao tentar descobrir o porquê de toda minha gratidão. É altamente provável (p< 0,001) que tenha “me esquecido de lembrar” de alguém, e adianto minhas sinceras desculpas. Provavelmente meu esquecimento se deve ao “excesso de falta” de tempo para adiantar a defesa a tempo. Tentei ser breve e direto em meus agradecimentos, já que explicitar todas as razões duplicaria o tamanho deste documento. À minha querida e amada família de natureza. Pai, Mãe, Juninho e Nanda! Vocês não acharam suficiente me amar e me apoiar em todos os momentos, como também acreditaram que era preciso por a mão na massa: foram ao campo, digitaram dados, discutiram idéias! Em especial à minha querida mãe que durante este percurso, venceu uma de suas maiores batalhas. A sua vitória me serve de inspiração! Ao Prof. Pires, não apenas por sua orientação leve, sensata e provocativa, mas também pela sua serena forma de conduzir o trabalho. Pela sua agradável convivência e amizade, agradeço à sua atenção, dedicação e confiança a mim dispensadas. Você foi muito além do que o orientador desta tese, e se tornou um orientador e modelo para toda vida. Ao Prof. Geraldinho, agradeço pelos mais de 10 anos de convivência e por sempre me surpreender com um novo ponto de vista. Muito aprendi neste tempo em que estamos juntos. A todo o corpo docente do Departamento de Botânica da UFMG. Vocês foram mais que professores e mestres! À Profa. Denise, coordenadora do curso, que me conquistou de imediato por todas suas qualidades e por ter me atendido com a maior presteza em tudo que me foi necessário. Ao Prof. Eduardo Borba, pelas suas sugestões iniciais no projeto de tese e pela seriedade e profissionalismo nas quais tento me espelhar. Em especial, à Profa. Rosy que apostou em mim há mais de 10 anos atrás. Um agradecimento especial ao Prof. 6 Evandro Gama (Centro Universitário UNA) por todos os ensinamentos em ocasiões formais e informais. A todos que me ajudaram em trabalhos de campo e experimentos no laboratório. Destaco aqui a Débora Amarante, Mariana
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