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The GLORIA Field Manual – Multi-Summit Approach

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The GLORIA Field Manual – Multi-Summit Approach European Commission The GLORIA* Field Manual – Multi-Summit Approach * Global Observation Research Initiative in Alpine Environments – a contribution to the Global Terrestrial Observing System (GTOS) Edited by Harald Pauli, Michael Gottfried, Daniela Hohenwallner, Karl Reiter, Riccardo Casale and Georg Grabherr Directorate-General for Research 2004 EUR 21213 Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your question about the European Union New freephone number: 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa.eu.int). Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2004 ISBN 92-894-4737-0 © European Communities, 2004 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Printed in Belgium PRINTED ON WHITE CHLORINE-FREE PAPER / RECYCLED PAPER The GLORIA Field Manual – Multi-Summit Approach Summary Rapid climate change threatens biodiversity – of alpine ecosystems in particular. The EU FP-5 project GLORIA-EUROPE has established a long-term monitoring network to study climate change-induced impacts on Europe's mountains. The major forthcoming step of GLORIA (the Global Observation Research Initiative in Alpine Environments) is the extension from the European to the global level. This field manual contains the complete guidelines for the site selection, the setup and documentation of permanent plots, the data recording, and for the data management. Thus, the manual shall assure a standardised setup and monitoring procedure which is a crucial requirement for this much-demanded large-scale in-situ observation network on alpine biota. The GLORIA* Field Manual Multi-Summit Approach *Global Observation Research Initiative in Alpine Environments – a contribution to the Global Terrestrial Observing System (GTOS) Editors: Harald PAULI, Michael GOTTFRIED, Daniela HOHENWALLNER, Karl REITER & Georg GRABHERR GLORIA co-ordination Institute of Ecology and Conservation Biology – University of Vienna Department of Conservation Biology, Vegetation and Landscape Ecology Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, www.gloria.ac.at Members of the GLORIA-EUROPE consortium involved in the field application and the data input: Maia AKHALKATSI (Tbilisi, Georgia), Peter BARANCOK (Bratislava, Slovakia), Neil BAYFIELD (Banchory, Scotland/UK), Jose-Luis BENITO (Jaca, Spain), Luigi BERTIN (Pavia, Italy), Jean-Luc BOREL (Grenoble, France), Gheorghe COLDEA (Cluj-Napoca, Romania), Emmanuel CORCKET (Grenoble, France), Brigitta ERSCHBAMER (Innsbruck, Austria), Maired GABBETT (Stirling, Scotland/UK), Dany GHOSN (Chania, Crete/Greece), Matteo GUALMINI (Parma, Italy), Jarle I. HOLTEN (Trondheim, Norway), Robert KANKA (Bratislava, Slovakia), George KAZAKIS (Chania, Crete/Greece), Jozef KOLLAR (Bratislava, Slovakia), Per LARSSON (Arvika, Sweden), Karin LINDBLAD (Göteborg, Sweden), Martin MALLAUN (Innsbruck, Austria), Geraldine MCGOWAN (Banchory, Scotland/UK), Abderrahmane MERZOUKI (Granada, Spain), Ottar MICHELSEN (Trondheim, Norway), Pavel MOISEEV (Ekaterinburg, Russia), Ulf MOLAU (Göteborg, Sweden), Joaquín MOLERO MESA (Granada, Spain), Laszlo NAGY (Sterling, Scotland), George NAKHUTSRISHVILI (Tbilisi, Georgia), Július OSZLÁNYI (Bratislava, Slovakia), Abdaladze OTARI (Tbilisi, Georgia), Vasilios PAPANASTASIS (Thessalonki, Greece), Giovanni PELINO (Sulmona, Italy), Miha PUSCAS (Cluj-Napoca), Luca RIGGIO (Roma, Italy), Graziano ROSSI (Pavia, Italy), Stepan SHIYATOV (Ekaterinburg, Russia), Angela STANISCI (Roma, Italy), Jean-Paul THEURILLAT (Champex, Switzerland), Marcello TOMASELLI (Parma, Italy), Peter UNTERLUGGAUER (Innsbruck, Austria), Luis VILLAR (Jaca, Spain), Pascal VITTOZ (Lausanne, Switzerland), Mathias VUST (Lausanne, Switzerland). Members of the GLORIA-EUROPE consortium mediating to the scientific community, to policymakers, and to the public: Harald BUGMANN (Zurich, Switzerland), Andreas GOETZ (Schaan, Liechtenstein), Elke HAUBNER (Schaan, Liechtenstein), Stefan MOIDL (Wien, Austria), Martin PRICE (Perth, Scotland/UK), Mel REASONER (Bern, Switzerland), Laure SOUBRIER (Chambéry, France). Contributors to the discussion process: William BOWMAN (Boulder, Colorado/USA), Martin CAMENISCH (Chur, Switzerland), Katharine J.M. DICKINSON (Otago, New Zealand), Daniel B. FAGRE (West Glacier, Montana/USA), Thomas FICKERT (Erlangen, Germany), Ken GREEN (Jindabyne, Australia), Friederike GRÜNINGER (Erlangen, Germany), Stephan HALLOY (Mosgiel, New Zealand), Michael HOSCHITZ (Wien, Austria), Mary T. KALIN ARROYO (Santiago, Chile), Rüdiger KAUFMANN (Innsbruck, Austria), James B. KIRKPATRICK (Hobart, Tasmania/Australia), Christian KÖRNER (Basel, Switzerland), Alan MARK (Otago, New Zealand), Dave J. MCDONALD (Claremont, South Africa), Bruno MESSERLI (Bern, Switzerland), Andrea MOCHET (Aosta, Italy), John MORGAN (Bundoora, Victoria/Australia), Ken SATO (Sapporo, Japan), Thomas SCHEURER (Bern, Switzerland), Michael RICHTER (Erlangen, Germany), Solveig TOSI (Pavia, Italy), Karsten WESCHE (Marburg, Germany), ZHANG Yili (Beijing, China). GLORIA Field Manual The Multi-Summit approach CONTENTS Acknowledgements 3 Preface 3 1 Introduction .........................................................................................................................................4 2 Objectives and aims .............................................................................................................................4 3 Stating the role of GLORIA ................................................................................................................5 4 Why to focus on high mountain environments ? .............................................................................6 5 Research questions .............................................................................................................................7 6 Why mountain summit areas as reference units ? ..........................................................................8 7 The GLORIA site selection ................................................................................................................9 7.1 The target region ........................................................................................................................9 7.2 Summit selection .......................................................................................................................9 7.2.1 The elevation gradient .................................................................................................11 7.2.2 Criteria for GLORIA summits .....................................................................................12 7.2.3 Considerations on criteria for summit selection ..........................................................13 8 The sampling design .........................................................................................................................15 8.1 Plot types and design outline ....................................................................................................16 8.2 Materials and preparations .......................................................................................................17 8.3 The set-up of the permanent plots ............................................................................................18 8.3.1 The highest summit point (HSP): determination of the principal reference point .......18 8.3.2 Establishing of the 3m x 3m quadrat clusters and the summit area corner points ......18 8.3.3 Establishing the boundary lines of the summit areas and the summit area sections ...22 8.4 The recording procedures .........................................................................................................24 8.4.1 Recording in the 1m x 1m quadrats .............................................................................24 8.4.1.1 Detailed vegetation recording in the 1m x 1m quadrats ...............................24 8.4.1.2 Frequency counts in the 1m x 1m quadrats ..................................................27 8.4.2 Recording in the summit area sections ........................................................................28 8.4.3 Continuous temperature measurements .......................................................................31 8.4.3.1 Temperature data loggers ..............................................................................31 8.4.3.2 The three-level design for temperature measurements ..................................32 8.4.3.3 Positioning of the T data loggers ...................................................................33 8.4.4 The photo documentation .............................................................................................35 8.5 Removal of plot delimitations and considerations for future reassignment .............................37 9 Data structure, storage and management .......................................................................................38 9.1 Data structure ...........................................................................................................................38 9.2 Data input and storage .....…………….....................................................................................38 9.3 Data management......................................................................................................................38 9.4 Maintaining the photo documentation ......................................................................................39
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