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“A HISTORICAL SURVEY of LIMMU OROMO of EAST WALLAGA, Ca International Journal of Advancements in Research & Technology, Volume 6, Issue 11, November-2017 ISSN 2278-7763 “A HISTORICAL SURVEY OF LIMMU OROMO OF 30 EAST WALLAGA, Ca. 1880s-1974” By Fekede Sileshi Fufa College of Social Science, Department of History and Heritage Management, Sebeta Special Needs College of Teacher’s Education Address:- email; [email protected] or [email protected] Mobile phone;- +251917854570 0r +25194708488 Ethiopia, Oromia, Sebeta IJOART Copyright © 2017 SciResPub. International Journal of Advancements in Research & Technology, Volume 6, Issue 11, November-2017 ISSN 2278-7763 Key Words; 31 Chafe Gada Kabiyye Neftagna Fitawurari Abstract. This paper is meant to reconstruct the history of Limmu Oromo of East Wallaga zone, focusing on the period between the 1880s and 1974. The effort of this paper mainly depends on the critical analysis of archival sources and oral tradition. The name Limmu in this thesis represents both the place name and the Oromo groups settled in the area after the 16th century Oromo population expansion. There are various clans of the Oromo group: Saphera, Guto, Warra Iggu (Bariso, Manni and Hanno), Kube, Warra Da’imo (Dimma, Warsuu, Harru, Ibso and Sirba) and Indibo. I favored to denote them all Limmu Oromo, since the topic of my thesis is fully focused on Limmu Oromo. In this context it represents largely the Oromo of Limmu, Haro Limmu and Western part of Gidda districts. Following settlement in the area, Limmu Oromo clans have occupied the whole fertile and suitable highland areas and had exercised their own democratic gadaa system for a long period of time. They founded their own socio-political center at Awad and Harbu Tuma. Each clan had sent its representative either to the gadaa center caffee of Awad or caffeeIJOART Harbu Tuma. The Limmu Oromo lived such participatory political and social system for a long period of time. This system continued, until the Gojjame and later Menelik conquered the region. Above all, after Menelik of Shawa conquered the region, the Oromo social-political and social-cultural aspects came under pressure. But some of the Oromo socio- cultural elements have managed to survive till the present time. The paper assesses how could this happened. Copyright © 2017 SciResPub. International Journal of Advancements in Research & Technology, Volume 6, Issue 11, November-2017 ISSN 2278-7763 Introduction 32 This study has been carried out on Limmu region of East Wallaga zone. The paper deals with “A Historical Survey of Limmu Oromo of East Wallagga From ca. 1880s to 1974.’’ To begin with, the decade 1880s was a pivotal period in the history of the Oromo society in general and that of the Limmu Oromo in particular. This time was when Gojjam consolidated it is overlord ship over some of the Oromo regions to south of the Abbay River (the Blue Nile), including Limmu region. The Gojjam predominance ended when the Shawan ruler, Menelik conquered the area. On the other hand, the year 1974 was also a crucial landmark in the Ethiopian history. The revolution ended a long standing tradition of feudal ownership on land and consequently changed the social-economic relationship based on it. This was also the end of the imperial reign. The Limmu Oromo were subdivided in to the following major and sub-clans. These are: Saglan Saphera (Babboo, Harelee, Igiroo, Amboo, Faxxoo, Ilaamuu, Jaggaa, Laloo and Anuu), Guuto, Sadan Iggu (Barisoo, Manni and Hanno), Torban Kubee Sanqallan[Gumuz] saddeeti (Bidaaruu, Booraa, Kanbuu, Innaacino, Innaangoo, Innisaayii, Amaaraa and Gumuz (adoptive), Warra Da’imoo (Warsuu, Dimma, Harru, Sirba, Ibsoo and Kebbo) and Indibo.1 For more information see the following chart. IJOART Copyright © 2017 SciResPub. Rayyaa International Journal of Advancements in Research & Technology, Volume 6, Issue 11, November-2017 ISSN 2278-7763 Tulama Maccaa Wallo Karayyu 33 Liban Dalle Jidda Jawi Guduru Amuru Horro Jimma Limmu Gidda Ilu Gudaya Ebantu Saphera (9) Guuutoo(8) Sadan Torban Kube (7) Warra Da’imoo (6) Indibo Iggu(3) Babbo(elder) Jorgaa Bidaaruu Waarsuu Manni Harelee Corree Booraaa Dimmaa Hannoo Igiroo Goosuu Kanbuu Harruu Bariisoo Sirbaa Amboo Danbii Innaacinoo Ibsoo Faxxoo Inniisaanoo Innaangoo Keebboo? Ilaamuu Hebanoo Inisaayii Jaggaa Qorratii Amaaraa Laloo Masoo +Sanqallaa (adoptive) Anuu Some of the Major Lineages Manni (2) IJOART Hanno(3) Bariisoo (12) Dimmaa (9) Harruu (8) Sirbaa Guyyatu Kulchuma Danbaro Kallo Addamo Libaanoo (elder) Koroo (elde) Muce(elder) Doddo (Elder ) (younger) (Elder) Maminoo Danbal/Danbo Abeetoo Alaboo .Biloo .Gaddoo Hacco Mammaddi Maatii Geberesoo Bulbuloo Warra Iddee .Imarii .Sob Wajjii Danijoo Kutti Amshitee Masoo Garra .Mammo .Mokkee Gondee Gallasoo Dandii Asgabee Quccoo Sunnii Darsoo Warra Dibbe Abbu .Yayya Kushii Tatiboo .Maccee Ganjii Ateresoo Jahiy * Hanno Clan has three main Nya’aa Sirbaa Warra Mixxo Gaboo * Manni clan has two lineages and seven sub Qilee Ibso Main lineages and ten lineages. Among the three Wandii Bakko sub lineages. Amang lineages Danbaro is the elder Jomottoo Cabbii the two lineages lieage. Indiboo Guyyatu is the elder *Barisoo clan has lineages. 12 lineages. Sources: Oral informants (clans and lineages) and written sources (from Rayyaa to Limmu) 11 Copyright ©Figure 2017 SciResPub.1 genaleogy of Limmu Oromo International Journal of Advancements in Research & Technology, Volume 6, Issue 11, November-2017 ISSN 2278-7763 As depicted in the figure, Limmu (the founding fathers) had the abovementioned sons who later 34 diversified into clans which in their turn multiplied into lineages (balbalas). These clans belong to the Limmu-Jawi, one of the Macca sub groups. In addition, these Limmu sons were in turn their own son’s. According to tradition, Manni, Hanno and Bariisoo were from one father and were clustered into Sadan Iggu, the three Iggu’s. Likewise, Warsuu, Dimma, Sirbaa, Harru, Ibso and Kebbo were shared a common origin and are termed together as Warra Da’imoo, the Da’imo’s family. Babboo (angafa/elder), Harelee, Igiroo, Amboo, Faxxoo, Ilamuu, Jaggaa, Laloo and Anuu are said to have one ancestor and known as Saglan Sapheera, the Nine Sapheera’s. Among them Babboo are elder of all. In addition, Bidaruu, Booraa, Kanbuu, Innaacinoo, Innaangoo, Innisaayii Amaaraa and Sanqalla (adoptive) are known as Torban kubee Sanqallan[Gumuz] saddetii, the seven Kube including Gumuz eight. At the beginning the Kube torba were originated from different families. But they were organized as one clan by a person known as Rasee Sanyii (abba duula of the Bidaruu clan) around the mid 19the century.2 Warra Guutoo also belong to one father and divided in to: Jorga, Corree, Gosu, Danbii, Innisanoo, Hebanoo, Qoratii and Masoo groups. Each clan member easily identifies his/her own lineage as well as others lineages that belong to particular clan. Individuals from different clans count their genealogy back without any difficulty as follows: example IJOART? ? ? ? Kana’a ? Seeqqataa Maatii Amanuu Duressaa Kumsaa Tufaa Dabal Dangee Agaa Danfaa Guutaa Wachoo Gijoo Yaa’ii- Sibuu Odaa Sobo Bayessoo Dammoo Gosuu Sanbatoa Haroo Hunkus Denbaro (balbala gudd) Yayya Muce (balbala guddaa) Hiyyaa Kulchuma (balbalaguddaa) Guddo Baabu Manni (qomoo) Harru (qomoo) Igguu Hanno (qomoo) Dimmaa Limmuu Igguu Da’imoo Galaan Limmuu Limmu Jawwii Jawwii Jawwii Mucucee Maccaa Maccaa Maccaa Rayyaa Rayyaa. From Harru clan. Rayya. From Manni clan Oromo. From Hano clan Copyright © 2017 SciResPub. International Journal of Advancements in Research & Technology, Volume 6, Issue 11, November-2017 ISSN 2278-7763 From among the aforementioned clans, Saphera was the eldest son of Limmu. The Saphera clan 35 members enjoy respect and special social status among the Limmu Oromo. For instance, in blessing, praying and other social occasions. During journey no one crosses rivers before an individual who belonged to the Saphera clan. The angaffummaa (eldest position) reserved for the Saphera clan today among the Limmu Oromo clans.3 Each of the Limmu Oromo clan is divided into numerous sub-clans or lineages (balbala). Below the balbala we find the aanaa, which comprises of several warras or extended families, the smallest kingship units. These clans had their own specific settlement areas according to families. Accordingly, Limmu Oromo settled in the whole of Limmu, Haro- Limmu and Gidda districts western part in East Wallaga Materials and Methods The historical data used in the paper consists of three kinds of sources. The first category is secondary literature both (published and unpublished). These works are general or do not explore the history of Limmu Oromo specifically. However, under the general survey of the Oromo in Ethiopia, different scholars directly or indirectly touched upon the Macca Oromo at large to which the Limmu Oromo belongs. The second categories of sources used in this thesis are primary sources. These include manuscripts and archival documents. The archival documents used in the thesis were collected from different institutions of Limmu district, East Wallaggaa Zone Administration Office and from possession of different individuals. The third source I used in this paper was collected from oral informants. ThereIJOART are prominent informants, who have good memory and experience about the events they passed on. Their information is helpful; in this regard I interviewed prominent oral informants from different ethnic groups to reconstruct the history of Limmu Oromo. The oral sources were collected during my seminar research of 2012 and fieldwork from January-March 2013. Results and Discussion Expansion and Settlement of the Limmu Oromo According to different written literature, the Oromo expansion was undertaken by different groups, sub-groups, clans and families which were already separated or in the process of separation ever since the advent of Oromo movement .4 Since the first half of the 16th century, the Oromo began to move in mass to different directions and most of the clans reached and occupied their present settlement areas relatively within short period of time. As a result, it is important to investigate the expansion and patterns of the Macca Oromo settlement in various Copyright © 2017 SciResPub.
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