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World Bank Document E721 Revised REPUBLIC OF ALBANIA Ministry of TerritoryAdjustment and Tourism Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized INTEGRATED WATER AND ECOSYSTEMS MANAGEMENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT Public Disclosure Authorized SEPTEMBER, 2003 Public Disclosure Authorized Albania-Integrated Water and Ecosystem Management Project TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. BACKGROUND AND EIA OVERVIEW 3 Il.1. GLOBAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT AREA 3 11.2. LOCATION OF PROJECT AREAS 4 I1.3. LEGISLATIVE AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORKI II.4. EIA OVERVIEW 6 11.4.1. Summary of the steps undertaken for environmental impact assessment 6 11.4.2. EMP main features 9 III. ANALYSIS OF CURRENT SITUATION. FORECAST AND ASSESSMENT OF EXPECTED IMPACT OF THE PROJECT ON ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS 11 Ill.1. INFRASTRUCTURE 11 111.1.1. Existing sanitation infrastructures I1 111.1.2. Water demand and Wastewater return in the project areas 12 111.1.3. Wastewater Treatment Proposed Facilities 12 III 13 1. Duress area 13 111 13 2 Lezhe/Shengjin areas 13 111 1 3 3. Saranda area 13 111.1.4. Forecast of Expected Impact 14 II1.2. CLIMATE 14 111.2.1. Air Temperature 14 111.2.2. Rainfall 15 111.2.3. Sources of atmospheric pollution and their potential impact on the project area. 15 111.2.4. Possible project implementation results 16 1.3. SURFACE WATER AND GROUND WATER 17 111.3.1. The Albanian marine ecosystem 17 1113.1 1 Porto Romano and Rrushkull-Erzeni River outlet (Durres area) 17 III 3 1 2 Dnni outlet (Lezhe-Shengin area) 18 111.3 1 3. Saranda bay and Ksamili bay (Saranda area) 18 111.3 1 4 Kune-Vain wetland and Kenalla Lake 19 1113 1 5. Butrinti lake and related Wetland environment 19 111.3.2. Water quality and pollution loads 19 111.3.3. Water analysis and data evaluation 20 Environmental Assessment Integrated Water and Ecosystem Management Project 111.3.4. Pollution effects 21 1113 4 1. Rivers (Drint River and Cuka cannel) 21 1113 4 2 Marine area 22 III 3 4 3 Forecast expected impact on rivers and manne ecosystems 24 111.4. WASTES 25 111.5. LANDS, SOILS AND HYDROGEOLOGY 26 111.5.1. Lezha and Shengjin areas 26 III 5 1 1 Geology 26 III 5 12 Hydrogeology 26 III 5 1 3 Topsoil description 28 111.5.2. Durres 28 111.5 2.1 Geology 29 III 5 2 2 Hydrogeology 30 1115 2.3 Topsoil description 31 111.5.3. Saranda 31 1115 31 Geology 31 1115 3 2 Hydrogeology 32 111.5.4. Risk factors on soil and hydrogeology 32 111.6. FLORA AND FAUNA 32 111.6.1. Description of habitats and species 32 III 6 II Kune-Vaini Natural Managed Reserve 32 111 6 12 Rrushkulli-Erzeni River Outlet 34 III 6 1 3 Butrinti lake and related Wetland environment 35 111.6.2. Characteristics of the situation of threatened species 38 111.6.3. Risk factors on flora and fauna 39 111.7. CULTURAL PROPERTY 40 111.8. HEALTH RISK 40 111.8.1. Mosquitoes and their Consequences 40 111.8.2. Odours risk 41 111.8.3. Health Risk for the Livestock 41 111.8.4. Health risk factors during the building process 41 IV. ANALYSIS OF THE ALTERNATIVES WITH REGARD TO THEIR EFFECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT, ANALYSIS OF THE "NO PROJECT" ALTERNATIVE INCLUDED. 42 IV.I. ZERO ALTERNATIVE 42 IV.2. CTW ALTERNATIVES TECHNOLOGIES 43 IV.3. CTW ALTERNATIVES LOCATIONS 44 Environmental Assessment ii Integrated Water and Ecosystem Management Project Albania-IntegratedWater and Ecosystem Management Project IV.4. PROJECT ALTERNATIVES SELECTION 45 IV.5. MEASURES FOR WWTP CONSTRUCTION 46 V. MONITORING PROPOSAL 47 V.1. AIR 47 V.2. WATER 47 V.3. EFFLUENT WATER QUALITY 48 V.4. FLORA AND FAUNA 49 V.5. MONITORING RESPONSIBILITIES 49 VI. CONCLUSIONS REGARDING THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 50 VII. EIA CONCLUSION 55 VIII. PUBLIC STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION 55 VIII.1. ORGANIZATION OF THE PUBLIC CONSULTATION PROCESS 55 VIII.2. CONCLUSION 55 VIII.3. DESIGN IMPROVEMENT 56 Environmental Assessment Integrated Water and Ecosystem Management Project Albania-IntegratedWater and Ecosystem Management Project TABLE OF FIGURES LIST OF FIGURES Fig. 1 Albania-Projects areas Fig.2 Geological map of Lezhe area Fig.3 Hydrogeological map of Lezhe area Fig.4 Hydrogeological cross-section in Lezhe plain Fig.5 Hotspots and heavy polluted areas around Durres city Fig.6 Geological map of Durres area Fig.7 Hydrogeological map of Durres area Fig.8 Hydrogeological cross-section in Durres plain Fig.9 Constructed Treatment Wetland alternative locations in Durres area Fig. 10 Constructed Treatment Wetland alternative locations in Lezhe area Fig. 11 Constructed Treatment Wetland alternative locations in Saranda area LIST OF ANNEX Annex 1 List of the Fauna in the Project area Annex 2 List of Endangered Species observed in the Project areas Annex 3 Environmental and Socio-Economic Quality Index for the proposed WWTP Al- ternative locations Annex 4 Final Report Public Consultation Process Annex 5 MoE Strengthening monitoring and enforcement capacity programme Annex 6 CTW's Operation & Maintenace outline is attached. Environmental Assessment Iv Integrated Water and Ecosystem Management Project Albania-IntegratedWater and Ecosystem Management Project I. INTRODUCTION The Government of Albania has received a GEF/World Bank project preparation grant for the preparation of Integrated Water and Ecosystem Management Project. The project entails the de- sign, operation, maintenance and administration of low cost wastewater treatment system aimed to reduce the sewage pollution load from the four cities of Durres, Saranda and Lezhe/Shengjin and protect and restore endangered coastal and marine habitats. The project will promote the use of Constructed Treatment Wetlands (CTW) for the treatment of wastewater flows in areas where existing pollution loads are threatening aquatic system with high biodiversity values. During the preparation phase. the Ministry of Territory Adjustment and Tourism has conducted: (i) Techni- cal Assessment and (ii) Final Design study of the Constructed Treatment Wetlands for the coastal cities of Durres, Saranda and Lezhe/Shengjin. The studies conducted at the present time are at the Feasibility level, the Consultant is going to start the Final Design study expect to com- plete it within February 2004. The present Environmental Impact Assessment study was per- formed on the basis of the above-mentioned studies. It identifies positive and negative environ- mental impacts of alternative options; recommends the most acceptable option for each project site; suggests improvements and mitigation and monitoring measures. Project justification and scope Albania's water infrastructure is in urgent need of improvement, both in technical short term re- habilitation as in medium and long term technical and managerial improvements. Water quality could be improved significantly with a reliable supply of chemicals. Lack of maintenance and repair and lack of metering and operational control have resulted in excessive water losses. Ag- gevating this situation is the fact that wastewater treatment facilities do not exist in Albania and raw sewage is discharged untreated into sea and rivers. Several causes for these conditions of Albania's water sector are: * Lack of revenues: Tariffs below the true cost of water and lack of tariff collection enforce- ment in the last decade have significantly reduced the income of the water supply compa- nies. Water and sanitation systems have received virtually no maintenance in the last ten years. * Over consumption: Flat rates rather than metered consumption resulted in massive water waste and also the collapse of the irrigation system has contributed to a sharp increase in water demand in the last ten years. On top of this, a massive migration to urban centers, with illegal tapping and no incentive to reduce water consumption, augmented the water sectors problems. * Inadequacy of the physical infrastructure: Due to the lack of appropriate materials/equipment and insufficient consideration of the economic aspects in the design, the existing systems are expensive to run and to maintain. The Government of Albania (GoA) has embarked on a water sector strategy that involves a two- tier approach focusing on the short term on urgent repairs to the systems and on the medium term on a program to support sector reforms. Within this medium term program, the Municipal Water and Wastewater Project (MWWP) (IDAP075 156) was formulated, aiming on improving the wa- ter and sanitation services in Albania, thus contributing to the economic development of the country in an environmental sound way. The MWWP aims to achieve this objective by assisting the Government of Albania (GoA) in testing and developing the following important components of the water sector reform: Environmental Assessment Integrated Water and Ecosystem Management Project Albania-Integrated Water and Ecosystem Management Project 1. First time application of a management contract in Albania's water sector; 2. Piloting the GoA's adopted Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Strategy; 3. Integrate wastewater management into an overall ecosystem management to protect globally important biodiversity. This EIA report refers to activities under the third component of the water sector reform. Integration of wastewater management into an overall ecosystem management to protect globally important biodiversity will be achieved by promoting the use of CTW's in areas where existing pollution loads are threatening critical aquatic ecosystems. Degradation of the quality of the Adriatic Sea, caused mainly by pollution from land-based ac- tivities is a very serious problem. The coastal cities of Durres, Lezhe, Saranda and Shengjin do not have any wastewater treatment facilities at present, No conventional wastewater treatment is foreseen in the short- or medium term due to the problematic financial situation of the GoA in general and the water supply companies in particular. The proposed project aims to capture global benefits by reducing land-based pollution from the four cities and protect, restore and enlarge endangered coastal and marine habitats by introducing low cost ecologically-based wastewater treatment.
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