The Aragonian and Vallesian High-Resolution Micromammal Succession from the Calatayud-Montalbán Basin
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The Aragonian and Vallesian high-resolution micromammal succession from the 1 2 Calatayud-Montalbán Basin (Aragón, Spain). 3 4 5 6 7 Succession haute résolution des micromammifères de l'Aragonien et Vallesien dans le 8 9 10 Bassin de Calatayud-Montalbán (Aragón, Espagne). 11 12 13 14 Israel García-Paredesa,b, M. Ángeles Álvarez-Sierraa,b, Lars W. van den HoekOstendec, 15 16 d e a,f 17 Verónica Hernández-Ballarín , KeesHordijk , Paloma López-Guerrero , Adriana 18 19 Oliverd, and Pablo Peláez-Campomanesd,* 20 21 22 23 (a) 24 Departamento de Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad 25 26 27 Complutense de Madrid, C/ José Antonio Novais 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain. 28 29 (b) 30 Departamento de Geología Sedimentaria y Cambio Medioambiental, Instituto de 31 32 Geociencias IGEO (CSIC, UCM), C/ José Antonio Novais 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain. 33 34 (c) 35 Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands. 36 37 (d)Departamento de Paleobiología, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN- 38 39 40 CSIC), C/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain. 41 42 (e)Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CSUtrecht, 43 44 45 The Netherlands. 46 47 (f)Geologisch‐paläontologischeAbteilung, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Burgring 7, 48 49 50 A‐1010 Vienna,Austria. 51 52 * Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (P. Peláez- 53 54 55 Campomanes). 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 1 63 64 65 Abstract 1 2 We present an updated taxonomy and faunal distribution of the micromammal fossil 3 4 5 record from the Aragonian and lower Vallesian of the Calatayud-Montalbán Basin. The 6 7 analysed record includes the orders Rodentia, Eulipotyphla, and Lagomorpha. The 8 9 10 pattern of species turnover showsseven major faunal events,which are correlated to 11 12 major climate changes based on marine stable oxygen and carbon isotope records. The 13 14 episodesδ18OMi-2 and Mi-3 are significantly correlated with major micromammal 15 16 17 turnover at the boundaries between lower and middle Aragonian and middle and upper 18 19 Aragonian, respectively. Our resultssupport the existence of a selective turnover during 20 21 22 the Aragonian and lower Vallesian. 23 24 25 26 27 Keywords: Neogene, Miocene, faunal turnover, Global Climatic Events, biodiversity. 28 29 30 31 32 Résumé 33 34 35 Ce travail actualise la taxonomie et la distribution faunique du registre fossile des petits 36 37 mammifères du bassin de Calatayud-Montalbán de l'Aragonienau Vallésien inférieur. 38 39 40 Les ordres Rodentia, Eulipothyphla et Lagomorpha sont inclus dans l‟étude. Le modèle 41 42 de renouvellement faunique est analysé et expliqué en relation avec les changements 43 44 45 climatiques globaux. Sept évènements fauniques principaux ont été reconnus et corrélés 46 47 aux changements climatiques majeurs grâce aux enregistrements isotopiques marins 48 49 18 50 (oxygène et carbone). Les événements δ O Mi-2 and Mi-3 sont significativement 51 52 corrélés aux renouvellements fauniques qui touchent les micro-mammifères 53 54 respectivement aux limites inférieur/moyen et moyen/terminal de l‟Aragonien. La 55 56 57 présente analyse supporte l‟existence d‟un renouvellement faunique sélectif au cours de 58 59 l‟Aragonien et du Vallésien inférieur. 60 61 62 2 63 64 65 1 2 3 Mots-clés: Néogène, Miocène, renouvellements fauniques,Événements Climatiques 4 5 Globales, biodiversité. 6 7 8 9 10 11 1.Introduction 12 13 14 The Calatayud-Montalbán Basin (North Central Spain; Fig. 1) has yielded a rich and 15 16 comprehensive lowerto upperMiocene mammal record whichforms the basis of the 17 18 Ramblian (Daams et al., 1987) and Aragonian (Daams et al., 1977) continental 19 20 21 stages,and the widely used local zonation that has been defined in this basin(Daams et 22 23 al., 1999a; Van der Meulen et al., 2012). The area owes its importance to a number of 24 25 26 factors. First, there is the shear multitude of small mammal localities.In the northern 27 28 part of the basin, in the vicinity of the villages ofVillafeliche,Daroca, and Nombrevilla, 29 30 31 over 150 small mammal assemblages have been collected from alluvial fan and shallow- 32 33 lake deposits. These localities have been found in superposition in a series of sections, 34 35 allowing good stratigraphic control. The stratigraphic span of these localities ranges 36 37 38 from the uppermost Ramblian (~17 Ma) till the uppermost lower Vallesian (~10 Ma) 39 40 (Daams et al., 1999a; Van Dam et al., 2014)., The second important characteristic of the 41 42 43 area is its suitability for magnetostratigraphy, sincemost of the sections preserved good 44 45 palaeomagnetic signal (Garcés et al., 2003; Krijgsman et al., 1994; Krijgsman et al., 46 47 48 1996; Van Dam et al., 2014). In combination with the superposition of localities and the 49 50 biostratigraphy, the magnetostratigraphy provides excellent time control for the major 51 52 53 part of the sequence. This allows straightforward correlations and the building of 54 55 palaeobiogeographical hypotheses at European scale (Álvarez-Sierra et al., 2013; Oliver 56 57 and Peláez-Campomanes, 2013; Oliver and Peláez-Campomanes, 2014a; Van den Hoek 58 59 60 Ostende et al., 2015; Van der Meulen et al., 2011). 61 62 3 63 64 65 The study of the basin also included analyses involving the long-term evolution of 1 2 micromammal communities alongwide temporal periods (e.g., Daams et al., 1999c;Van 3 4 5 der Meulen and Daams, 1992), which have started to increase especially over the last 6 7 decade (e.g.,Hordijk, 2010; Peláez-Campomanes et al., 2015; Van Dam et al., 2006; 8 9 10 Van der Meulen et al., 2005). 11 12 This brings us to the third important characteristic of the sequence, which is the 13 14 homogeneity of depositional environments. Because all localities are from alluvial fan 15 16 17 and shallow-lake depositswith similar sedimentation rates (see Daams et al., 1999a for 18 19 details on the sedimentology of the studied area), the taphonomic bias is reduced to a 20 21 22 minimum, allowing for direct comparison of assemblages. Although a certain degree of 23 24 bias cannot be excluded (e.g., accumulation by different types of raptors), we can safely 25 26 27 assume that these will not influence the major patterns in community changes observed 28 29 in the sequence (Van der Meulen et al., 2005).Additionally, the sampling coverage of 30 31 thesequence was calculated by Van der Meulen et al. (2005) using the number of upper 32 33 34 and lower first and second molars of rodents from 96 localities of the studied area. The 35 36 cumulative curve of sample sizes of the temporally ordered localities yields a good fit 37 38 2 39 with the linear regression line (R = 0.98), indicating that the sections have been 40 41 sampled quite evenly (Van der Meulen et al., 2005:fig. A1). 42 43 44 Recent studies, dealing with different aspects of the Calatayud-Montalbán Basin, have 45 46 resulted inthe proposition of more refined biostratigraphic scale and new numerical ages 47 48 for the fossil localities succession (Van der Meulen et al., 2012; Fig. 2). All these new 49 50 51 interpretations are based on an increased number of localities studied (Álvarez Sierra et 52 53 al., 2003; López-Guerrero et al., 2011), new magnetostratigraphic information (Garcés 54 55 56 et al., 2003; Van Dam et al., 2014), and recent important revisions on micromammal 57 58 groups recorded in the basin (García-Paredes, 2006; García-Paredes et al., 2009;García- 59 60 61 62 4 63 64 65 Paredes et al., 2010; Hordijk, 2010; López-Guerrero, 2014; López-Guerrero et al., 2008; 1 2 López-Guerrero et al., 2013;López-Guerrero et al., 2014a;López-Guerrero et al., 2014b; 3 4 5 Oliver, 2015; Oliver and Peláez-Campomanes, 2013;Oliver and Peláez-Campomanes, 6 7 2014b; Van den Hoek Ostende and Furió, 2005; Van den Hoek Ostende et al., 2009; 8 9 10 Van den Hoek Ostende et al., 2012; Van der Meulen et al., 2003). 11 12 Here, we use all new information to present an updated framework for the evolution of 13 14 the Aragonian and lower Vallesian faunas in the Calatayud-Montalbán Basin and to 15 16 17 identify possible global environmental factors that may have triggered faunal changes. 18 19 20 21 22 2. The small mammal fossil record from the Aragonian and Vallesian of the 23 24 Calatayud-Montalbán Basin 25 26 27 The fossiliferous localities included in this study come from three main areas (Fig. 28 29 1);starting from the north-west margin of the basin: the Armantes area (near Calatayud), 30 31 the Villafeliche-Manchones area, and the Daroca-Nombrevilla area (Daams and 32 33 34 Freudenthal, 1988; Daams et al., 1999a; Daams et al., 1999b; De Bruijn, 1967; López- 35 36 Guerrero et al., 2011; Van Dam et al., 2014; Van der Meulen et al., 2012). 37 38 39 Since the last synthesis by Daams et al. (1999a), which involved the rodents 40 41 exclusively, the published information on the small mammals from the Aragonian and 42 43 44 lower Vallesian of the Calatayud-Montalbán Basin has increased considerably. In this 45 46 way, Van der Meulen et al. (2012) providedan important update in the taxonomical 47 48 information for the lower and middle Aragonian.Figure 2 summarizes the most recent 49 50 51 taxonomical and biostratigraphical information published on the Aragonian and lower 52 53 Vallesian from the Calatayud-Montalbán micromammal fossil record (Álvarez Sierra et 54 55 56 al., 2003; García-Paredes, 2006; García-Paredes et al., 2009; García-Paredes et al., 57 58 2010; Hordijk, 2010; López-Guerrero, 2014; López-Guerrero et al., 2011; López- 59 60 61 62 5 63 64 65 Guerrero et al., 2013; López-Guerrero et al., 2014a; López-Guerrero et al., 2014b;Oliver 1 2 et al., 2009a; Oliver, 2015; Oliver et al., 2009b; Oliver Pérez et al., 2008; Van Dam et 3 4 5 al., 2006; Van Dam et al., 2014; Van den Hoek Ostende and Furió, 2005; Van den Hoek 6 7 Ostende et al., 2009; Van den Hoek Ostende et al., 2012; Van der Meulen et al., 2003).