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Çözüm Kitabi Soru Bankasi 2020 KPSS ÖABT TAMAMI PDF ÇÖZÜMLÜ DİKAB SORU BANKASI ÇÖZÜM KİTABI TAMAMI PDF ÇÖZÜMLÜ KOZMİK ODA DİN KÜLTÜRÜ VE AHLAK BİLGİSİ ÖĞRETMENLİĞİ SORU BANKASI Editör: Selim IŞIK Yazar: Sümeyye Demirci ISBN: 978-625-7962-80-3 BASKI Yıldıztepe Mah. Gülpınar Cad. No:33/A Altındağ / ANKARA Tel: (0552) 518 06 06 T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı Sertifika Numarası: 45130 [email protected] www.kozmikoda.com.tr BU KİTAP T.C. KÜLTÜR BAKANLIĞI BANDROLÜ İLE SATILMAKTADIR. © COPYRIGHT KAPLAN AKADEMİ YAYINCILIK Yayım Hakkı Bu kitabın her türlü yayım hakkı Kaplan Akademi Yayıncılık’a aittir. Bu kitabın baskısından 5846 ve 2936 sayılı Fikir ve Sanat Eserleri Yasası hükümleri gereğince kaynak gösterilerek bile olsa alıntı yapılamaz, herhangi bir şekilde çoğaltılamaz, genel ağ ve diğer elektronik ortamlarda yayımlanamaz. Kozmik Oda Yayıncılık bir Kaplan Akademi Yayıncılık Eğitim Öğretim Hizmetleri Sanayi ve Ticaret Ltd.Şti. markasıdır! İÇİNDEKİLER KUR’AN-I KERİM VE TECVİD 5 TEFSİR 32 HADİS 40 FIKIH 59 KELAM 121 İSLAM MEZHEPLERİ VE AKIMLARI 152 İSLAM TARİHİ 168 İSLAM KÜLTÜR VE MEDENİYETİ 183 İSLAM FELSEFESİ 197 DİN FELSEFESİ 206 DİN SOSYOLOJİSİ 220 DİN PSİKOLOJİSİ 234 DİN EĞİTİMİ 246 DİNLER TARİHİ 249 ALAN EĞİTİMİ 257 KUR’AN-I KERİM VE TECVİD Test • 1 1. Ashab-ı Kehf: Mağara halkı, mağara sahipleri demektir. 3. Gemi halkı demektir. Bundan maksat, Nuh (a.s.)’un ge- Ashab-ı Kehf ile kastedilen insanlar; kafir bir toplumdan misine binerek tufandan kurtulan mü’minlerdir. Bu tabir, kaçıp dağda bir mağaraya sığınan bir grup mü’mindir. Kur’an’da bir ayette geçmiş ve; “Andolsun biz, Nuh’u kav- Kur’an’ın 18. suresi, adını bu kıssadan almıştır. Surenin mine gönderdik, onların arasında bir seneden elli yıl ek- 9-26. ayetlerinde bu kıssa anlatılmaktadır. Kur’an’da ma- sik kaldı, sonunda onlar zulme devam edip dururken ken- ğaraya sığınanların gençler olduğu, mağarada yıllarca dilerini tufan yakalayıverdi. Onu ve gemi halkını kurtar- uyudukları, belli bir süre sonra uyandıkları, aralarında dık ve bu alemlere bir ibret yaptık” denilmiştir. Nuh (a.s.)’ın mağarada ne kadar kaldıklarını konuştukları, içlerinden peygamber gönderildiği toplum; zalim, fasık, kötü günah- birinin şehre gümüş para ile yiyecek almaya gittiği, ma- KOZMİK ODA YAYINCILIK kar, cahil, müşrik, gerçekleri görmeyen (kör), haddi aşan, ğarada 309 yıl kaldıklarının söylendiği, ancak ne kadar mütekebbir, zorba, inatçı ve inkarcı bir kavimdi. Nuh (a.s.) kaldıklarını Allah’ın bildiği ifade edilmiştir. Kur’an’da genç- kendilerini tehvide, ibadet, itaat ve takvaya davet etti, an- lerin uykudan uyandıktan sonra insanlarla konuştukları cak onlar; Allah’ın ayetlerini ve Peygamberini yalanladı- beyan edilmiş, ancak mağaranın nerede ve gençlerin sa- lar. Nuh’u (a.s.) sapıklık yalancılık ve delilik ile itham et- yısının kaç olduğu bildirilmemiştir. tiler, alaya aldılar ve öğütlerden yüz çevirdiler. Hakka kar- şı batılı savundular. Birçok insanı saptırdılar. Mü’minleri (Cevap D) hakir gördüler, onlara ayak takımı ve bayağı kimseler de- diler. Putlara tapmakta ısrar ettiler. Nuh (a.s.), kavmi ıs- lah olmayınca helak edilmesi için Allah’a dua etti. Allah, kendisine gemi yapmasını emretti. Gemi yapılınca mü’min- leri gemiye bindirdi. Gök, sularını boşalttı. Yer altı suları fışkırdı. Büyük bir tufan oldu. Mü’minler kurtuldu. Kafirler boğulup helak oldu. Sular çekilince Nuh’un gemisi Cudi dağına oturdu. (A’raf, 7/64, 76; Yunus, 10-71-74; Hud, 11/27, 29, 37-48; İbrahim, 14/15; Nuh, 71/3-40; Enbiya, 21/77; Mü’minun, 23/25; Şu’ara, 26/111; Ankebut, 29/14; Mü’min, 40/5;Zariyat, 51/46; Kamer, 54/9-14). (Cevap E) DİKAB SORU BANKASI 2. Ashab-ı Sa’ir: “Sa’ir” Kur’an’da ismi geçen yedi cehen- nemden birinin adıdır. Alevli, çılgın ateş demektir. Ashab-ı sa’ir tabiri; alevli ateş/cehennem halkı anlamına gelir. Bu tabir Kur’an’da üç ayette geçmiş ve Peygamberleri ya- lanlayan, onların sözlerine kulak vermeyen, akıllarını kul- lanmayan ve şeytana uyan insanların Ashab-ı Sa’ir oldu- ğu bildirilmiştir. (Fatır, 35/6. Mülk, 67/9-11). Şeytan taraf- 4. A’raf: Yüksek yer, atın yelesi ve horozun ibiği anlamların- tarlarını Ashab-ı Sa’ir’den olmaya çağırır. (Fatır, 35/6). Al- daki “a-r-f” kökünden türeyen “a’raf” din dilinde, cennet- lah’ı inkar edenler, cehennem bekçilerinin, “size bir uya- le cehennem arasındaki perdenin (sur/duvar) yüksek yer- rıcı gelmedi mi?” sorusuna, “evet bize uyarıcı (nezir-pey- leri demektir. A’raf, aynı zamanda Kur’an’ın yedinci sure- gamber) geldi ama biz onu yalanladık ve Allah hiçbir şey sinin adıdır. İyilik, lütuf, bilme, tanıma, akıl ve dinin iyi ve indirmedi, siz ancak büyük bir sapıklık içindesiniz” dedik güzel gördüğü şey anlamına gelen “örf” kelimesinin ço- derler ve “biz, uyarıcıların sözlerini dinleseydik veya ak- ğulu da “a’raf”tır. A’raf kelimesi, Kur’an’da iki ayette geç- lımızı kullansaydık çılgın alevli ateşin halkı olmazdık” de- mektedir. (A’raf, 7/46, 48). Bu ayetlerde, A’raf’ın cennet- yip günahlarını itiraf ederler (Mülk, 67/8-11). Bu ayetler- le cehennem arasında bir yer olduğu, burada henüz cen- den anlaşılıyor ki alevli ateş halkı olanlar, Allah’ı ve pey- nete girmeyen ancak girmeyi uman kimselerin bulunaca- gamberini bırakıp şeytana uyanlar, akıllarını kullanmayıp ğı ve bu kimselerin cennet ve cehennem halkı ile konu- günah bataklığına dalanlardır. KOZMİK ODA YAYINCILIK şacakları bildirilmiştir. (Cevap B) (Cevap E) 5 KPSS • ÖABT KUR’AN-I KERİM VE TECVİD Test • 1 5. A’la (Ali, Müte’al): yüksek olmak anlamındaki A-l-v kökün- 6. Zeyd İbn Sabit (ra) diyor ki:“Yemame savaşında ashabın den türeyen a’la, en yüce en yüksek, ali ve müteal ise yü- öldürülmesini müteakib, Hz. Ebu Bekir (ra) beni çağırttı. ce ve yüksek demektir. Yanına vardım. Hz. Ömer de orada idi. Ebu Bekir bana Allah’ın sıfatı olarak a’la; yüce, en yüce, en şerefli; ali, dedi ki: ‘Ömer bana gelip dedi ki: ‘Yemame ‘de Kur’an şanı, kadri yüce ve kudreti büyük olan; müte’al, pek yü- hafızları çok zayiat verdi. Bu gibi vakalarda hafızların öl- ce ve noksan sıfatlardan münezzeh olan, gücü ile her meleriyle Kur’an’ın birçoğunun zayi olmasından endişe şeyden üstün olan demektir. A’la sıfatı Kur’an’da 4 ayet- ederim. Bana kalırsa Kur’an’ın cem edilmesi için bir emir te geçmektedir: çıkarman gerekir.’ Ben de Ömer’e şöyle cevap verdim:“- KOZMİK ODA YAYINCILIK Resulullah’ın yapmadığı bir işi nasıl yapabilirsin?”, Ömer: • “Ancak yüce Rabbinin rızasına ermek için (malını) ve- “Vallahi bu hayırlı bir teşebbüstür.” dedi. Sonra bu iş üze- rir” (Leyl, 92/20). rinde o kadar durdu ki, bana söyleye söyleye neticede • “En yüce sıfatlar Allah’ındır” (Kehf, 18/27). Allah kalbime bu işi yatırdı, ben de onun görüşünü be- nimsedim.” Zeyd devamla diyor ki: “Ebu Bekir bana dö- • “… Göklerde ve yerde en yüce sıfatlar onundur” (Rum, nüp şöyle dedi: “Sen genç, dinç, zeki bir adamsın. Kim- 30/27). se ittiham edemez. Zaten Resulullah’ın da vahiy kâtibi Allah’ın yüceliği mekan itibariyle değil, güçlü olması itiba- idin. Kur’an metnini topla.” Vallahi bir dağı yerinden nak- riyledir. letmemi isteselerdi, Kur’an’ı toplama mes’uliyeti kadar A’la kelimesi, Kur’an’da diğer varlıkların sıfatı olarak da bana ağır gelmezdi. Neticede Kur’an’ı hurma dallarından, kullanılmıştır (Taha, 20/68; Saffat, 37/8). yassı taşlardan ve insanların hafızalarından derlemeye Ali ismi Kur’an’da 9 ayette azim, kebir ve hakim isimle- başladım.” (Buhari) riyle birlikte geçmektedir: Kaynakların ittifakla bildirdiğine göre, Hz. Ebu Bekir (ra), Zeyd’e asla hafızasına güvenmemesini, her ayet için iki (Cevap A) delil olmak üzere, iki şahıstan yazılı nüsha aramasını em- retti. Bu iş için Zeyd, Hz. Ömer (ra)’in yardımını şart koş- muş, O da ciddi bir şekilde kendisine yardım etmiştir. Zeyd bizzat kendisi iyi bir hafız olduğu halde, kendisi gibi baş- ka hafızlarla da yetinmeyip, her ayet hakkında mukabe- le görmüş iki yazılı şahid aramak gibi son derece titiz ve ilmi bir usul takib etmiştir. Yalnız Tövbe suresinin sonun- DİKAB SORU BANKASI daki iki ayet hakkında, araştırmasına rağmen iki yazılı şa- hidi bulamamış, Ebu Huzeyme’deki yazılı nüshaya isti- nad etmek durumunda kalmıştır. Bu şekilde Hz. Ebu Be- kir (ra) devrinde bir araya getirilen sahifelere “el- Mushaf” denilmiştir. (Cevap D) 7. Bu sure, inşirah suresinden sonra Mekke-i Mükerreme’de nazil olmuştur. Üç ayeti kerimeyi içermektedir. Asr’a Dehr’e yemin ile başladığı için kendisine böylece Asr suresi adı verilmiştir. Asr suresi nüzul sıralamasına göre diğer su- KOZMİK ODA YAYINCILIK relerden daha önce nazil olmuş 3. suredir. (Cevap A) 6 KUR’AN-I KERİM VE TECVİD Test • 1 (ل) Kur’an’ın en uzun suresi 286 ayetle Bakara, en kısa su- 11. İdğam-ı bila ğunne: tenvin veya sâkin nûndan sonra .8 resi de 3 kısa ayetle Kevser suresidir. .harflerinden biri gelirse bila ğunne olur (ر) ve ra (Cevap B) (Cevap D) 12. Medine-i Münevvere’de Mücadele suresinden sonra na- KOZMİK ODA YAYINCILIK zil olmuştur. Ey o iman etmiş olanlar, Allah’ın ve Resulü- nün huzurunda öne geçmeyin Allah nazarında takva üze- 9. Salih, dine ve dünyaya yönelik faydalı işlere ve bu işleri re olun. yapan kimseler için kullanılan bir kavram. A, B, D, E şık- El-Hasen ibn Muhammed kanalıyla Abdullah İbnu’z Zü- ları Salih kavramının ve Salih bir insanın muhatabı ola- beyr’den rivayete göre Allah’ın Resulü (s.a.v.), ne Temim bilecek sıfatlardır. Fakat Salih kavramı bütün insanlar için oğulları kafilesi geldiğinde Ebu Bekir; “Onların üzerine kullanılamaz. ibn Ma’bed’i emir tayin et” dedi. Ömer “ Hayır, sana mu- halefet etmek istemedim” dedi ve tartışırlarken sesleri (Cevap C) yükseldi de bu hususta ayetin sonuna kadar olmak üze- re “Ey o iman etmiş olanlar, Allah’ın ve resulünün huzu- runda öne geçmeyin.” Ayeti kerimesi nazil oldu. (Cevap E) 10. Son ve en büyük peygamber Hz. Muhammed (s.a.s.)’e 13. Muttaki: günahlardan çok sakınan, dinin emirlerini yap- Allah tarafından gönderilen Kur’an-ı Kerim Müslümanlı- makta ve yasaklarından kaçmakta büyük gayret göste- ğın kutsal kitabıdır.
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