Cabeza De La Vaca
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Mito E História N'a Guayrá, De Rocha Pombo
UNIVERSIDADE TECNOLÓGICA FEDERAL DO PARANÁ DEPARTAMENTO ACADÊMICO DE LINGUAGEM E COMUNICAÇÃO LICENCIATURA EM LETRAS PORTUGUÊS /INGLÊS DÉBORA BARRETO SANDRINI MITO E HISTÓRIA N’A GUAYRÁ, DE ROCHA POMBO TRABALHO DE CONCLUSÃO DE CURSO CURITIBA 2018 DÉBORA BARRETO SANDRINI MITO E HISTÓRIA N’A GUAYRÁ, DE ROCHA POMBO Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso de graduação apresentado à disciplina de TCC 2, do Curso de Licenciatura em Letras Português /Inglês, do Departamento Acadêmico de Linguagem e Comunicação – DALIC, da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná – UTFPR, como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de licenciado em Letras. Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Naira de Almeida Nascimento CURITIBA 2018 Ministério da Educação UNIVERSIDADE TECNOLÓGICA FEDERAL DO PARANÁ Campus Curitiba Departamento Acadêmico de Linguagem e Comunicação Departamento Acadêmico de Línguas Estrangeiras Modernas Curso de Graduação em Letras Português/Inglês TERMO DE APROVAÇÃO MITO E HISTÓRIA N’A GUAYRÁ, DE ROCHA POMBO Por DÉBORA BARRETO SANDRINI Este Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso foi apresentado em 21 de junho de 2018 como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de Licenciado no curso de Letras Português/Inglês. O candidato DÉBORA BARRETO SANDRINI foi arguido pela Banca Examinadora composta pelos professores abaixo assinados. Após deliberação, a Banca Examinadora considerou o trabalho aprovado. _____________________________________ Naira de Almeida Nascimento Orientadora _____________________________________ Zama Caixeta Nascentes Membro titular _____________________________________ Marcelo Franz Membro titular A Folha de Aprovação assinada encontra-se na Coordenação do Curso. AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço à minha orientadora, Profa. Dra. Naira de Almeida Nascimento, pelas oportunidades oferecidas para participar na Iniciação Científica e, igualmente, pelas valiosas contribuições durante toda essa trajetória de pesquisa. -
Tobati : Tradition and Change in a Paraguayan Town
TOBATI: TRADITION AND CHANGE IN A PARAGUAYAN TOWN BY JAMES ESTON HAY A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 1993 UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA LIBRARIES ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research was funded by a Fulbright HE Dissertation Fellowship under the U.S. Department of Education, and a Dissertation Fellowship from the Organization of American States. I am most grateful for the support of both institutions in completing the fieldwork necessary for this study. I especially thank Mr. Alan Rogers, United States Information Service in Asuncion, and Sr. Atilio Nieto, special operations officer of the Organization of American States, in the same city, for their personal attention during my stay in Paraguay. During the many years I worked with the Peace Corps and with private business in Paraguay, I made many close friends, met many people, and made contact with many institutions in both the governmental and private sectors. When I returned to Paraguay to embark on the present study, I was grateful that those people were there to greet me and help me in so many ways. I often prevailed upon the kindness and patience of old friends and acquaintances, as much for camaraderie as for assistance in my work. Due to the help of many individuals, I bypassed much of the red tape and bureaucratic "channels" (truly the bane of researchers in Latin American countries) that otherwise would have made life so much more difficult and less pleasurable. I was especially happy to see old friends and colleagues among the Paraguayan staff of the Peace Corps as well as the directors and staff of MONITOR S.A. -
Native American Cultures Along the Atlantic Littoral of South America, 1499-1650
Proceedings of the British Academy, 81, 197-231 Native American Cultures along the Atlantic Littoral of South America, 1499-1650 NEIL L. WHITEHEAD Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706-1393 Summary. The main features of cultural and social change among the native peoples of the Atlantic coast of South America from 1499 to 1650 are described and analysed. Standard anthropological models are critically assessed and new directions in research are indicated. A detailed history of the development of European colonial activity and Amerindian reactions is given and the aftershock of European impacts evaluated on the basis of the ethnological material from the period of first contact. The concluding section considers the problems and limitations of analysing cultural change in anthropological contexts. THISESSAY DESCRIBES the process of interaction and cultural change that took place along the Atlantic littoral of South America with the initial meeting of the “two worlds” of America and Europe. The discussion will not involve an extended narration of the episodes of contact between Native Americans and Europeans, since this may readily be found in such standard works as Southey (1810-19), Vamhagen (1858), Marchant (1966), Ojer (1966), Goslinga (1971), Hemming (1978), and most recently in the collected papers of the The Cambridge History of Latin America (Bethell 1984, 1987). My purpose in this chapter is to offer an examination of archaic cultural forms, using present knowledge of colonial history and modem ethnography as a baseline for the discussion of change in the first century of contact. 0 The British Academy 1993. Copyright © British Academy 1993 – all rights reserved 198 Neil L. -
Evidence of Maize (Zea Mays L.) Exploitation Around an Ancient Crossroad Linking Different Aboriginal American Civilizations
ISSN: 23178957 Volume 2, Number 1, Jun. 2014 EVIDENCE OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) EXPLOITATION AROUND AN ANCIENT CROSSROAD LINKING DIFFERENT ABORIGINAL AMERICAN CIVILIZATIONS PATRÍCIA G. BUSTAMANTE1*, VÂNIA L. M. PÁDUA2*, VÍTOR H. MAIA3, PAULO C. G.FERREIRA4§ 1 Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, EMBRAPA , Brasília, Brazil 2 Fundação Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste (UEZO) 3 Universidade Feeraldo Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) *The first two authors contributed equally to this work §To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: [email protected] RESUMO: Uma rede de caminhos históricos conhecida como Peabiru foi construída ligando o sul do Brasil com os Andes peruanos. O caminho desapareceu durante a era colombiana, mas foi um importante testemunho da época précolombiana brasileira. Visando compreender as migrações humanas durante o período précolombiano ao redor Peabiru, foi examinada a relação genética existente entre variedades de milho crioulo moderno e outras arqueológicas, com base no gene ADH2. As sequências DNA derivadas de Peabiru foram agrupadas com espécimes arqueológicos dos Andes, sugerindo uma exploração de milho em torno desse caminho histórico, envolvendo população andina précolombiana e nativos Guarany, e endossando o debate sobre a presença de populações humanas précolombianas próximas a área de transição em torno de fronteira BrasilParaguai . ABSTRACT: A historic net of pathways referred to as Peabiru was constructed connecting the southern of Brazil with the Peruvian Andes. The path disappeared during the Colombian era but was an important testimony of the Brazilian preColombian epoch. To understand the human migrations during the preColombian around Peabiru we examined the genetic relationship of modern landraces and archaeological maize considering the ADH2 gene. -
Latin American Toponyms: an Etymological Study Topônimos
Revista de Estudos da Linguagem, v. 26, n. 3, p. 1031-1055, 2018 Latin American Toponyms: An Etymological Study Topônimos latino-americanos: um estudo etimológico Letícia Santos Rodrigues Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo/Brasil [email protected] Resumo: A elaboração de pesquisas na área da Onomástica, ciência linguística que se dedica aos estudos dos nomes próprios, não deveria se pautar apenas em um viés puramente linguístico, visto que o ato de nomear pessoas, lugares, animais e até objetos não se dá por acaso. Os nomes próprios carregam, em si, a memória e a cultura estabelecida por suas comunidades, fato que se confirma, inclusive, diante da grande afinidade que a Onomástica possui com outras áreas do conhecimento, como a Etimologia, História, Geografia, Antropologia, Sociologia, dentre outros. Para tanto, ela se divide em diversas subáreas, dentre as quais se destacam duas precípuas: a Antroponímia (estudo dos nomes de pessoas) e a Toponímia (estudo dos nomes de lugares), considerando aspectos como origem, forma e evolução. Este estudo trata mais especificamente dos topônimos referentes aos nomes dos países que compõem a América Latina, sob o esteio metodológico da Etimologia. Dessa forma, remonta-se, a partir da consulta a diferentes dicionários etimológicos, como Nascentes (1952), Corominas (1954), Cunha (1996) e Machado (2003), além de outros materiais de apoio, algumas informações sobre como se deu esse processo de nomeação, juntamente com suas possíveis motivações, considerando os aspectos idiossincráticos de cada lugar. É possível perceber que as razões relacionadas às escolhas dos topônimos analisados foram diversas, tais como aspectos físicos/geográficos e/ou culturais, personalidades históricas, religião e, às vezes, até motivações desconhecidas. -
Origin of the Pantaneiro Horse in Brazil
ORIGIN OF THE PANTANEIRO HORSE IN BRAZIL ORIGIN OF THE PANTANEIRO HORSE IN BRAZIL ORIGEN DEL CABALLO PANTANERO EN EL BRASIL Santos, S.A., J.R.B. Sereno, M.C.M. Mazza and C.A. Mazza. EMBRAPA/CPAP C. Postal 109. 79320-900 Corumbá. MS - Brazil Additional Keywords Palabras clave adicionales Historic horse. Pantaneiro breed. Brazil Historia equina. Raza pantaneira. Colonización colonization. del Brasil. SUMMARY The first horses that arrived in the Pantanal, horse has played an important role in the a flooded land of the states of Mato Grosso and development of the Pantanal region. Mato Grosso do Sul (Central Western region of Brazil), formed a breed - the Pantaneiro horse - a product of natural selection over the last three RESUMEN centuries, and adapted to the regional environmental conditions. Until recently, little Los primeros caballos que llegaron al pantanal, or no human interference was imposed on this una planicie inundable de los Estados de Mato process. There is some information about dates Grosso y Mato Grosso do Sul (región Centro when the first horses entered the region, but Oeste de Brasil) dieron lugar a una raza - el none of it is precise. The earliest origin apperars caballo pantanero - producto de la selección to be related to such spanish expeditions as natural por más de dos siglos, adaptada a las those of Pedro de Mendoza, in 1534; Alvar condiciones ambientales de la región. Hay algunas Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, in 1540; and Ñuflo de informaciones sobre las fechas de la entrada de Chávez, in 1543. The animals brought by these los primeros caballos a la región, pero ninguna de expeditions were, for the most part, Iberian ellas es precisa. -
Notes for Chapter 1
NOTES Notes for Chapter 1 1 It is generally stated, and almost certainly with truth, that Magellan himself gave the name; but there is no hard evidence. On the use of ‘South Sea’ or ‘Pacific’, note that C. de Brosses, Histoire des Navigations aux Terres Australes (Paris 1756), uses ‘Mer du Sud’ over twice as often as ‘Pacifique’, and in his supporting texts the ratio is seven to one. See O. H. K. Spate, ‘ ‘‘South Sea’’ to ‘‘Pacific Ocean’’: a note on nomenclature’, Jnl Pac. Hist. 12, 1977, 205–11. 2 As cited in J. T. Medina, El Descubrimiento del Oc´eano Pacifico: I. N´u˜nez de Balboa (Santiago 1914), 92–3. Actually at this time, after the death of Isabella of Castile, Ferdinand of Aragon was Administrator of Castile for their mad daughter Juana. 3 The reference is to the Korean world-map of 1402,reproducedinpartasPlateCDXII(Vol.IV Part 3) in J. Needham, Science and Civilisation in China (Cambridge 1971), and discussed there and in Vol. III (1959), 554–5 [Science in China]. Some versions show England and Ireland (Ying-chi-li Kuo and I-erh-lang-ta); all give a recognisable delineation of the Mediterranean lands. Despite some oddities—Columbus really did not need to learn of the sphericity of the earth from hypothetical traditions, through Marco Polo, of Chinese globes!—there is much useful information in K. Chang, Chinese Great Explorers: Their Effect upon Chinese Geographic Knowledge prior to 1900 (Univ. of Michigan Ph.D. thesis 1955). 4 See the discussion in F. Morales Padron,´ Historia del Descubrimiento y Conquista de Am´erica (2nd ed., Madrid 1971), 11–14 [Historia]. -
Building Durable Missions Through Cultural Exchange: Language, Religion, and Trade on the Frontier Missions of Paraguay
Building Durable Missions Through Cultural Exchange: Language, Religion, and Trade on the Frontier Missions of Paraguay Mark Farine Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies In partial fulfilment of the requirements For the MA degree in History Department of History Faculty of Arts University of Ottawa © Mark Farine, Ottawa, Canada, 2017 ii Table of Contents Abstract iii Acknowledgements iv Introduction – Cultural Exchange in a Forgotten Colony 1 Chapter 1 – From Mohammed’s Paradise to the Christian Jesuit Republic: 17 colonial Paraguay before the Jesuits Chapter 2 – Uneven Syncretism: The Coming Together of Guaraní and Christian 36 Worldviews in the Early Missionary Period Chapter 3 – The Beautiful Words: The Linguistic Survival of Guaraní 51 Chapter 4 – Check Mate: The Strategic Implications of Yerba Mate in the 68 Missions Conclusion – Forgotten Colony, Surviving Culture 92 Appendix 1 99 Appendix 2 105 Bibliography 108 iii Abstract This thesis explores the cultural interactions between the Jesuit missionaries and the Guaraní indigenous peoples in the missions of Paraguay from 1609 to 1767. A particular attention is given to the missions’ formative years in which both groups refined their cultural strategies. Specifically, this thesis will explore the collaboration between the two groups and the cultural concessions made by both sides for the project to succeed. While missions are used as an area of evangelization by the Orders that operate them, involvement with the Jesuits allowed the Guaraní to avoid interactions with other settlers and colonial authorities. By agreeing to convert, they gained the protection of the Jesuits. However, they consistently threatened to leave or to refuse work if their protectors took away their most treasured cultural elements: their divine language and their use of sacred herbs like yerba mate. -
Early Colonization
Early Colonization On April 22, 1500, the thirteen-ship fleet under Pedro lvares Cabral anchored off the mouth of the Rio Buranhm (sweet bark in Tup) on the Bahian coast. The chronicler of the discovery, Pro Vaz de Caminha, wrote that immediately they saw men walking on the beach, and by the time a longboat reached the shore twenty or so had assembled. Entirely naked and dark skinned, they laid down their bows and arrows as a sign of peace, while responding to offers of Portuguese hats by giving over a parrot-feathered headdress and a long string of white seed pearls. Thus did the cultural exchange begin that would evolve over the next five centuries into the distinctive Brazilian culture. In the nine days that the Portuguese stayed at the anchorage they called Porto Seguro, the natives were fascinated by the Catholic Mass, the iron tools, and alcoholic drink. Their seeming receptivity and lack of religious symbols that the Portuguese could understand caused Caminha to predict that these people quickly would turn Christian. The natives helped fill a ship with fine-grained timber, dyewood, and presumably some of the buranhm wood or bark that gave the river its name. Cabral sent the ship back to Lisbon with Caminha's oft-quoted letter to the king, the first report on Brazil to reach Europe. As the rest of the fleet set sail from what Cabral called the Island of Vera Cruz for the Cape of Good Hope, two male convicts were left on the shore. Rather than execute such degredados (outcasts; see Glossary), the Portuguese were instinctively creating an advance guard that would learn the local language and via intermarriage would give them in another generation the means to penetrate both the indigenous societies and the Brazilian land mass. -
Nova Contribuição À Ornitologia Do Chaco Brasileiro (Mato Grosso Do Sul, Brasil)
Nova contribuição à ornitologia do Chaco brasileiro (Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil) Fernando Costa Straube1,4, Alberto Urben-Filho1,5, Maria Antonietta Castro Pivatto2,6, Alessandro Pacheco Nunes3,7, Walfrido Moraes Tomás3,8 “La etimología de este nombre, Chaco, indica la multitud de naciones que pueblan esta región. Cuando salen a cazar los indi- os y juntan de varias partes las vicuñas y guanacos, aquella muchedumbre se llama chacu, en lengua quechua...”. (Pedro Loza- no, Século 18; apud. Aguilar, 2005) INTRODUÇÃO Para Walter (1986), o chaco consiste da parte mais ocidental do "Zonobioma da re- gião tropical úmido-árida de chuvas esti- vais e de florestas de folhas caducas"; é uma enorme planície situada entre o Pla- nalto Central do Brasil e as montanhas da pré-cordilheira andina, tendo como limite sul a transição com os campos sulinos (pam- pas). Com quase 750 km de largura em mé- dia, estende-se do sul da Bolívia à toda a me- tade ocidental do Paraguai, englobando ex- tensa área do centro-norte da Argentina (Walter, 1986) e, em poucos quilômetros quadrados nos arredores de Porto Murti- nho, no extremo sudoeste do Mato Grosso do Sul (Prado, 1993a, b; Prado & Gibbs, 1993). Neste município fronteiriço há o que pa- rece ser um remanescente oriental daquele complexo de paisagens denominado Gran Chaco (Riveros, 2005), sendo contornado pela faixa de vegetação de cerrado e mata decídua do leste da Bolívia (Departamento de Santa Cruz), que se estende por todo o contorno nordeste do Paraguai (principal- mente nos departamentos de Alto Paraguay e Concepción). Na zona marginal à frontei- ra brasileira, o chaco propriamente dito se- gue adjacente a essa faixa, desde o sudeste da Bolívia até o restante do Paraguai oci- dental. -
Aleixo Garcia E a Mitologia Da Conquista Ibérica (1300 – 1745)
24 Guilherme Raul BlaesePasold - Paraísos, Monstros e Um Náufrago Português: Aleixo Garcia e a Mitologia da Conquista Ibérica (1300 – 1745) Paraísos, Monstros e Um Náufrago Português: Aleixo Garcia e a Mitologia da Conquista Ibérica (1300 – 1745) Guilherme Raul Blaese Pasold [email protected] Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina RESUMO: Este artigo estuda quatro dos mitos que pertenciam ao imaginário dos exploradores portugueses e espanhóis, proveniente de um período que vai, na sua extensão máxima, do século XIV até meados do século XVIII e onde estão inseridas as Grandes Navegações. Também analisa a trajetória do náufrago Aleixo Garcia na sua busca pelo Eldorado. Por fim, busca mostrar como ambos os assuntos estão inter-relacionados. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Mitologia; Jardim do Éden ; Eldorado; Aleixo Garcia. ABSTRACT: This article examines four of the myths that belonged to the imagination of the Portuguese and Spanish explorers, from a period spanning at its maximum extent, from the fourteenth century until the mid-eighteenth century and where are inserted the Great Navigations. It also analyzes the history of the castaway Aleixo Garcia in his quest for Eldorado. Finally, it seeks to show how both issues are interrelated. KEYWORDS: Mythology; Garden of Eden; Eldorado; Aleixo Garcia Heavens, monsters and a portuguese shipwrecked: Aleixo Garcia and Iberian Mythology of Conquest (1300 - 1745) Os acontecimentos do período conhecido como Era dos Descobrimentos acabaram por redesenhar os mapas mundiais, alterando muitas das concepções que a humanidade possuía sobre si própria e sobre o planeta em que vivia. E, não menos importante, tais acontecimentos também possibilitaram o surgimento de diversas das nações atuais, entre elas o Brasil. -
Tigers and Crosses: the Transcultural Dynamics of Spanish- Guaraní
Tigers and Crosses: The Transcultural Dynamics of Spanish-Guaraní Relations in the Río de la Plata: 1516-1580 by Dorothy Jane Tuer A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of History University of Toronto © Copyright by Dot Tuer 2011 Tigers and Crosses: The Transcultural Dynamics of Spanish-Guaraní Relations in the Río de la Plata: 1516-1580 Dorothy Jane Tuer Doctor of Philosophy Department of History University of Toronto 2011 Abstract This is a study of the early colonial period of the Río de la Plata from first contact in 1516 to the emergence of a predominantly mestizo population in Asunción by 1580. The central focus of the study is the period from 1537, when Spaniards founded Asunción in the territories of the Guaraní-speaking Carios, until the establishment of the encomienda, a colonial labour system, in 1556. Through a close reading of archival documents and chronicles, the study presents a narrative history of the transcultural dynamics of Spanish-Guaraní relations, including the convergence of kinship and alliances, cacique and conquistador rivalries, competing spiritual beliefs of shamanism and Catholicism, and the role of castaways, lenguas (interpreters) indigenous women, priests, and mestizos as intermediaries. How these transcultural dynamics were dominated by indigenous norms until 1556, and how they shaped the cultural, social, and spiritual dimensions of mestizaje (racial mixing) are analysed. The study covers key moments in the conquest and early colonial period. These include Sebastián Caboto’s exploration of the Río de la Plata from 1527 to 1529; Pedro de Mendoza’s armada to the Río de la Plata in 1535 that led to the founding of Asunción in 1537 and the first governorship of Domingo Martínez de Irala from 1539 to 1542; the rule of Asunción by Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca as adelantado from 1542 to 1544; and Domingo Martínez de Irala’s second governorship of the ii region from 1544 to 1556.