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REVIEW OF ARMENIAN STUDIES A Biannual Journal of History, Politics, and International Relations 37no: 2018 Facts and Comments Alev KILIÇ Review Essay: Killing Orders: Talat Pasha’s Telegrams and the Armenian Genocide Ömer Engin LÜTEM - Yiğit ALPOGAN The Perception of the Armenian Question in the Spanish Diplomatic Reports (1914-1922) Yasemin TÜRKKAN TUNALI Review Essay: The Denial of the Right to Disagree Jeremy SALT BOOK REVIEW REVIEW OF ARMENIAN STUDIES A Biannual Journal of History, Politics, and International Relations 2018, No: 37 EDITOR Alev KILIÇ MANAGING EDITOR Mehmet Oğuzhan TULUN EDITORIAL BOARD In Alphabetical Order Prof. Dr. Seçil KARAL AKGÜN Prof. Dr. Refik TURAN (President of Turkish Historical Society) Prof. Dr. Sadi ÇAYCI (Başkent University) Prof. Dr. Nurşen MAZICI (Marmara University) Prof. Dr. Kemal ÇİÇEK Prof. Dr. Hikmet ÖZDEMİR Dr. Şükrü ELEKDAĞ (Political Scientist) (Ret. Ambassador) Dr. Bilal N. ŞİMŞİR (Ret. Ambassador, Historian) ADVISORY BOARD In Alphabetical Order Yiğit ALPOGAN Prof. Dr. Yusuf HALAÇOĞLU (Ret. Ambassador) (Member of the Parliament) Ertuğrul APAKAN Prof. Dr. Enver KONUKÇU (Ret. Ambassador) Prof. Dr. Justin MCCARTHY Prof. Dr. Nedret KURAN BURÇOĞLU (University of Louisville) (Boğaziçi University) Prof. Dr. Jeremy SALT Assist. Prof. Dr. Brendon J. CANNON Prof. Dr. Mehmet SARAY (Khalifa University) (Historian) Ahmet Altay CENGİZER Prof. Dr. Norman STONE (Ambassador) (Bilkent University) Dr. Edward ERICKSON Prof. Dr. Ömer TURAN (Historian) (Middle East Technical University) Uluç GÜRKAN Prof. Dr. Hakan YAVUZ (Journalist) (Utah University) PUBLISHER Hazel ÇAĞAN ELBİR Review of Armenian Studies is published biannually Review of Armenian Studies is a refereed journal. Review of Armenian Studies is indexed in the EBSCO and TUBITAK-ULAKBIM databases. Articles submitted for publication are subject to peer review. The editorial board takes into consideration whether the submitted article follows the rules of scientific writing. The articles are sent to two referees known for their academic reputation in their respective areas. Upon their decision, the article will be published in the journal, or rejected. The reports of the referees are kept confidential and stored in the journalʼs archives for five years. On behalf of AVRASYA BİR VAKFI (1993) All Rights Reserved. Publication Office Terazi Yayıncılık Bas. Dağ. Dan. Eğt. Org. Mat. Kırt. Ltd. Şti. Abidin Daver Sok. No. 12/B Daire 4 06550 Çankaya/ANKARA Tel: 0 (312) 438 50 23-24 • Faks: 0 (312) 438 50 26 www.avim.org.tr ISSN: 1303-5304 Subscription Office Hülya ÖNALP Terazi Yayıncılık Eğt. Org. Mat. Kırt. Ltd. Şti. Süleyman Nazif Sok. No.12/B Daire 4 06550 Çankaya/ANKARA Tel: 0 (312) 438 50 23-24 Fax: 0 (312) 438 50 26 E-mail: [email protected] Design Ruhi ALAGÖZ Printing Özyurt Matbaacılık Büyük San. 1. Cad. Süzgün Sok. No: 7 İskitler / ANKARA Tel: +90 312 384 15 36 Fax: +90 312 384 15 37 Printing Date: 31 July 2018 Annual Subscription: 30 USD 30 TRY Please send your payment to the following bank account: For TRY - Terazi Yayıncılık, Garanti Bankası-Çankaya/ANKARA Branch 181/6296007 Postal Check Account Ankara/Çankaya/Merkez 5859221 For USD - Garanti Bankası- Çankaya/ANKARA Branch 181/9086957 IBAN: TR60 0006 2000 1810 009 0869 57 Statements of facts or opinions appearing in Review of Armenian Studies are solely those of the authors and do not imply endorsement by the editor and publisher. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written authorization of the Center for Eurasian Studies (AVİM). CONTENTS (İÇİNDEKİLER) Page Contributors...............................................................................................................................................5 (Yazarlar) Editorial Note.............................................................................................................................................7 (Editörün Notu) ARTICLES .................................................................................................................................................11 (MAKALELER) Facts and Comments .....................................................................................................................11 (Olaylar ve Yorumlar) Research Article / Araştırma Makalesi Alev KILIÇ Review Essay: Killing Orders: Talat Pashaʼs Telegrams and the Armenian Genocide ....................................................45 (Değerlendirme Yazısı: Öldürme Emirleri: Talat Paşaʼnın Telgrafları ve Ermeni Soykırımı) Article Category: Other / Makale Türü: Diğer Ömer Engin LÜTEM - Yiğit ALPOGAN The Perception of the Armenian Question in the Spanish Diplomatic Reports (1914-1922) .............................................................................83 CONTENTS (İspanyol Diplomatik Raporlarında Ermeni Sorunu Algısı (1914-1922)) Research Article / Araştırma Makalesi Dr. Yasemin TÜRKKAN TUNALI Review Essay: The Denial of the Right to Disagree.......................................................119 (Değerlendirme Yazısı: Hemfikir Olmama Hakkının İnkârı) Article Category: Other / Makale Türü: Diğer Jeremy SALT BOOK REVIEW ....................................................................................................................................137 (KİTAP İNCELEMESİ) A Frontrunner Study on Eminent Poet and Author Hovhannes Tumanyan ..........137 (Mümtaz Şair ve Yazar Hovhannes Tumanyan Hakkında Öncü Bir Çalışma) Tutku DİLAVER Review of Armenian Studies 3 No. 37, 2018 . Contributors Alev KILIÇ graduated from the Faculty of Political Sciences of Ankara University in 1968. The next year, he joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) of the Republic of Turkey. During his service at the MFA, Ambassador (R) Kılıç served in Jordan (1972- 1974) and Munich-Germany (1974-1977), at the Ministry in Ankara (1977-1979), in Germany at the Embassy in Bonn (1979-1983), at the Ministry in Ankara (1983-1985), in Bulgaria at the Turkish Em- bassy in Sofia as the First Councellor (1985-1991), back in Ankara as the Deputy Director General for Central Asian, Caucauses and Slavic countries (1991-1996). Kılıç served as the Ambassador to the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia between 1996 and 1998 and Ambassador/Permanent Representative to the Council of Europe in Strasbourg between 1998 and 2001. In 2001-2004, he served as the Deputy Undersecretary of the MFA for Economic Affairs. Kılıç again served as the Ambassador to Switzerland (2004-2009) and Ambassador to Mexican United States (2009-2011). He retired from the MFA in 2011. Ambassador (R) Kılıç has been the Director of Center for Eurasian Studies (AVİM) since 2013. Ömer Engin LÜTEM was a retired ambassador and the honorary president of Center for Eurasian Studies (AVİM). He graduated from Galatarasay High School and the Faculty of Political Sciences of the University of Ankara. After several assignments in Turkish missions in France, Germany, Italy, and Libya, he became Turkish Consul General at Cologne, Germany in 1975. He served as Direc- tor General of Personnel of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Turkey in 1979 and Director General of Intelligence and Research of the Ministry in 1981. He was assigned as the Am- bassador of the Republic of Turkey to Bulgaria in 1983 and served for six years. He served as Deputy Undersecretary of the Ministry (1989-1992), Ambassador of the Re- public of Turkey to the Vatican (1992-1995), and the Permanent Representative of the Republic of Turkey to UNESCO (1995-1997). He is the founding president of Institute for Armenian Research at Eurasian Strategic Research Center - ASAM (2001) and the Crimes Against Humanity Research Institute (2006). He served as the Director of AVİM between 2009-2012. He was the editor of three journals published by AVİM: Ermeni Araştırmaları, Review of Armenian Studies, and International Crimes and His- tory. Apart from these, beginning in 2006, he served as the instructor of a master’s de- gree course titled “Emergence and Evolution of the Armenian Question” at the History Department of the Middle Eastern Technical University (METU), Ankara. Lütem passed away in January 2018. Review of Armenian Studies 5 No. 37, 2018 Yiğit ALPOGAN graduated from the Faculty of Political Science of Ankara University in 1967. In 1968, he joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Turkey, where he served in different positions ranging from Head of Section to Deputy Undersecretary, and abroad in Turkish missions in several countries. Alpogan was appointed First Secretary of the Turkish Embassy in Tokyo (1972-1975) and in Nicosia (1975-1977), Counsellor of the Permanent Delegation of Turkey to the UN Office in Geneva (1979- 1983), First Counsellor of the Turkish Embassy in The Hague (1985-1989), and Minister-Counsellor of the Turkish Embassy in Athens (1991-1995). Alpogan became ambassador in 1995 and has since served in this position in several embassies such as Ashgabat (1995-1998) and Athens (2001-2004), before his appointment as the first civilian Secretary General of the National Security Council of Turkey (2004-2007). Alpogan was then appointed Ambassador to London, where he served from 2007 to 2010. Following his retirement from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 2010, he joined the Secretariat of the Union for the Mediterranean (UfM) in Barcelona and served as Deputy Secretary General until the completion of his term