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European Union Regional Policy and Cohesion îm , ΓΚνν ··· w m, Λ Regional development studies Prospects for the development *"5­_ of the centràhapcLçapital cities and regions R European Commission Τ R European Union Regional Policy and Cohesion Regional development studies The perspective development of the central and capital cities and regions European Commission Already published in the series Regional development studies 01 — Demographic evolution in European regions (Demeter 2015) 02 — Socioeconomic situation and development of the regions in the neighbouring countries of the Community in Central and Eastern Europe 03 — Les politiques régionales dans l'opinion publique 04 — Urbanization and the functions of cities in the European Community 05 — The economic and social impact of reductions in defence spending and military forces on the regions of the Community 06 — New location factors for mobile investment in Europe 07 — Trade and foreign investment in the Community regions: the impact of economic reform in Central and Eastern Europe 08 — Estudio prospectivo de las regiones atlánticas — Europa 2000 Study of prospects in the Atlantic regions — Europe 2000 Étude prospective des régions atlantiques — Europe 2000 09 — Financial engineering techniques applying to regions eligible under Objectives 1, 2 and 5b 10 — Interregional and cross-border cooperation in Europe 11 — Estudio prospectivo de las regiones del Mediterráneo Oeste Évolution prospective des régions de la Méditerranée - Ouest Evoluzione delle prospettive delle regioni del Mediterraneo occidentale 12 — Valeur ajoutée et ingénierie du développement local 13 — The Nordic countries —'what impact on planning and development in the Union? 14 — Development prospects of the central Mediterranean regions (Mezzogiomo-Greece) 17 — Étude prospective des régions de l'arc alpin et périalpin Studio delle prospettive delle regioni dell'arco alpino e perialpino 18 — The prospective development of the northern seaboard 20 — Evolución prospectiva de las regiones interiores (y de los espacios rurales de baja densidad de población en la Comunidad) Évolution prospective des régions intérieures (et des espaces ruraux de faible densité de population de la Communauté) 22 — The perspective development of the central and capital cities and regions 23 — La notoriété des politiques régionales en Europe 24 — Cohesion and the development challenge facing the lagging regions 25 — In den Regionen für die Regionen Europas — Über die Aneignung eines neuen gewerk• schaftlichen Arbeitsfeldes At regional level on behalf of Europe's regions — Developing a new field of trade union activity Forthcoming publications in this series 15 — The spatial consequences of the integration of the new German Länder into the Community 16 — The impact of the development of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe on the Community territory 19 — L'impact sur le développement régional et l'aménagement de l'espace communautaire des pays du Sud et de l'Est méditerranéens (PSEM) 21 — The regional impact of the Channel Tunnel throughout the Community Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1996 ISBN 92-826-8808-9 © ECSC-EC-EAEC, Brussels · Luxembourg, 1996 Reproduction is authorized, except for commercial purposes, provided the source is acknowledged Printed in Italy Preface Each year, the Directorate-General for Regional Policy and Cohesion of the European Commission launches a number of studies in the field of regional policy and regional planning. These studies mainly aim at providing a basis for policy formulation internally, as well as the pre• paration of programmes and initiatives and a basis for analysing the impact of current or planned activities. The most interesting or innovative of these are published in a series entitled Regional development studies. With this series, the Directorate-General hopes to stimulate discussion and action in a wider sphere on the research results received. The publication of the studies is addressed to politicians and decision-makers at European, regional and local level, as well as to academics and experts in the broad fields of issues covered. It is hoped that by publicizing research results the Commission will enrich and stimulate public debate and promote a further exchange of knowledge and opinions on the issues which are considered important for the economic and social cohesion of the Union and therefore for the future of Europe. Readers should bear in mind that the study reports do not necessarily reflect the official position of the Commission, but first and foremost express the opinion of those responsible for carrying out the study. Foreword Within the framework of the programme Europe 2000, the European Commission, Directorate-General for Regional Policies, commissioned Mens en Ruimte - Eriplan (Brussels), in cooperation with Kolpron (Rotterdam), with the study on the perspective development of the central and capital city (CCC) regions. As stated in the terms of reference of the study describing the work programme, the main aim of the study is to identify the long-term prospects of the group of regions in order to arrive at a spatial picture of the year 2000. With about 90 million inhabitants, the study area covers the south-east of the United Kingdom, the western, southern and eastern parts of the Netherlands, the whole of Belgium and Luxembourg, the northern part of France, with the regions Ile-de-France, Haute-Normandy, Picardy, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, Lorraine and Champagne-Ardennes and the Lander North Rhine-Westphalia, Rhineland-Pfalz, Hessen and Saarland in Germany (Map 1). Because of the strategic position of this study area in Europe, covering at the outset six capital cities, a multinational network of cooperating institutes has been involved in this study. The methodology and timing of this study is explained in Scheme 1. A larger network of sectorial and regional experts have been consulted in several Delphi rounds: 1. the first Delphi round at the end of the analytical phase and of the SWOT analysis, held in Rotterdam on 12 and 13 November 1992 at the invitation of Kolpron; 2. the second Delphi round as essential part of the prospective phase, held in Brussels on 18 and 19 May 1993 at the invitation of Mens en Ruimte; 3. a final 'mini-Delphi' round took place in Brussels on 4 February 1994 to discuss the scenarios and the structure of the draft final report. This report contains a summary of many studies and analyses, consultations with regional and sectorial experts and authorities. It focuses mainly on two types of issues, which can be considered as the manifestation of the internationalization and the transition process. 1. Common and comparable issues among countries and regions, such as congestion and environmen• tal damages in metropolitan areas, revitalization and environmental improvement of reconversion areas, realization of the potential of other urban areas, economic and ecological challenges of rural areas, etc. 2. Transfrontier and international issues such as economic internationalization, the changing spatial context, water pollution of the main river basin system of the CCC area, air pollution and radioactivity, the aim at an ecological network, sustainable transportation and communication networks, etc. This final report has been prepared by the central study team in Mens en Ruimte and Kolpron, who are very grateful to Serplan for the final editing of the report. Foreword "Π Political division o Map 1 CD g O Cartography: Mens en Ruimte Source: Eurostat 150 oo Scheme Methodology for the study of the central and capital city regions AREA-ORIENTED APPROACH Specific Areas Cities Rural Coastal Border Areas Areas Areas TRENDS 1 1 1 1 PERSPECTIVES V INTEGRATION Demograph' Industry SECTORAL AND REGIONAL PERSPECTIVES SCENARIOS ORIENTED APPROACH Services Demography 1. External Research & 1. Metropolitan innovation TRENDS 2. Social Economics 2. Urban Environment· PERSPECTIVES 3. Economy Environment 3. Rural Energy 4. Environment Transport networks Infrastructure networks 5. Flows Telecommu• nications EXTERNAL POSITIONING European Union Europe The World TIME SCHEDULE START ROTTERDAM q 1/3/92 12-13.11.92 CsD q Q. m Main urban areas in the CCC area o Map 2 —ι φ ο ZfaanstaV) j Ç rr~\J Mitron Kevnes Haarlem/o /VÅmslerdam/ \ /­>. r­ / CLuton/DJjn' ätaEte^ , „¡Hi/. ^v­' ApeldWn ¿r ^~\ V / Oxford (O 0 \ \—x__ LeicWi0 utrecht \ 0 ~"V r*— f ( Lst­Alban) 7 The Haguw 0 λ i­—y S (High Wycombel ν _/ ^ Rollírdarn/) y—i 0Arnhem C Μϋη3^ 0~^ 0 ( Bielefeld *­i Southend/ r-i^^cht V^V^T^Or^^^ rf *—^eaífer ^orvtK πτ~^ν ^^_Vjr¡^^*'^ ' 's Hertogpnbosch Hamm 0 [ ] Aldershotp­i ^V^ cpn^Medway towns S IX^Breda 0 0 Tilburg \ Gelsenkirchen 0 Paderborn >­^^ rh aUS Π 1 Thaner ^­­CVT^Ö Π~/\ A °íf , Λ 6 Λ Λ Λ Dorlmund "ζ^ Γ r °, ^ Hythe/Folkesjone Ostencl^^^W ^\ Einthoven X^O^^chum Southampton Λ / Crawley ^ X­ P^ Dunkirk^JruOe^X^^ AAntwerp T­^. tófeldO Eswn OHogen ftA( ^ff "~^\ A Mönchengladbach., 0, , ()Wupperlal J Kassel ^> v v Por^o^h ^Bright^X —ö·^ V^> · ) 7 S Düsseldorf Hastings fCalais ƒ . Gent Brussels fy Γ„ιη„„ I ΛίίκΪ Ä Maastricht/ H Col^Bne Siegen Marburg J f ρ,,, ,,0\ ­^^^^V^w^A^o Aachen ABonn^/ \ (^ / Beth une ç L¡llev 1 φ \, y r­^ V> A^v LensO ,,ΥΚ MonS Namur Liège > s­^ \ Fulda ") / ^X. LKriijv ^ VaiencVennes Λ 0 ^­i f /~ Giemen 1 A \—^­j Douai ^~^^V Charleroi Sfs^vJ Koblenz } /Λ Mn Maubeuge ι' _/ Ν Frankfurt r;— \ >—— /~~1—ν r ίί /Ι Wiesbaden 0 Amiens ^v-^^^—' / / Ι ç ^■¿rAOjfenbach Le Havre / 7 ( ! f ^χ Mainz! 0 L R<^en Ißeauvais cWleville­MézieVes \xemboJg · Trier \ Darmstagt f · Compiegne / /~^S\ / ' / ^~^­^ \ \ _y ) iv^^CvP^ ¡Kaiserslautern \ V^­"^­^N Creil \ 0 / Thionvilleo \Saarbrüc\j,n Luc /jigshafen am Rhein Mantes­pJohe V^^^^ J> Re¡ms HÉgondange­Briey φ Y^uck/ïn 5\ Λ ' \ / s Metz ô ^~"^­v« / ^­rJ^~~> \ \ / Meaux \Λ, . 'ni l\ f~^~^­\ / ν— ) V y Chalons­sur­Marne­^ i ^— / ν—ι Λ > 5 000 000 inhabitants \ Paris / / C 0 500 000­5 000 000 inhabitants \ , J (_ NancyO / 'y Melun / ^> / 0 100 000­500 000 inhabitants ) .
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