Extending Cellulose-Based Polymers Application in Additive Manufacturing Technology: a Review of Recent Approaches
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State of the Art in the Use of Bioceramics to Elaborate 3D
RESEARCH PAPER RESEARCH State of the art in the use of... INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY State of the art in the use of bioceramics to elaborate 3D structures using robocasting Juliana Kelmy Macário Barboza Daguano1,2*; Claudinei dos Santos3; Manuel Fellipe Rodrigues Pais Alves4; Jorge Vicente Lopes da Silva2; Marina Trevelin Souza5; Maria Helena Figueira Vaz Fernandes6 *Corresponding author: E-mail address:[email protected] Abstract: Robocasting, also known as Direct Ink Writing, is an Additive Manufacturing (AM) technique based on the direct extrusion of colloidal systems consisting of computer-controlled layer-by-layer deposition of a highly concentrated suspension (ceramic paste) through a nozzle into which this suspension is extruded. This paper presents an overview of the contributions and challenges in developing three-dimensional (3D) ceramic biomaterials by this printing method. State-of-art in different bioceramics as Alumina, Zirconia, Calcium Phosphates, Glass/Glass-ceramics, and composites is presented and discussed regarding their applications and biological behavior, in a survey comprising from the production of customized dental prosthesis to biofabricating 3D human tissues. Although robocasting represents a disruption in manufacturing porous structures, such as scaffolds for Tissue Engineering (TE), many drawbacks still remain to overcome and although widely disseminated this technique is far from allowing the obtainment of dense parts. Thus, strategies for manufacturing densified bioceramics are presented aiming at expanding the possibilities of this AM technique. The advantages and disadvantages and also future perspectives of applying robocasting in bioceramic processing are also explored. Keywords: Additive Manufacturing (AM); Direct Ink Writing (DIW); Robocasting; Bioceramics; Challenges; Perspectives. -
Applied Catalysis and Chemical Engineering April 08-10, 2019
ACC - 2019 International Conference on Applied Catalysis and Chemical Engineering April 08-10, 2019 Venue Crowne Plaza by Deira Salahuddin Rd-Dubai United Arab Emirates Publishing Partner DAY 1 MONDAY, April 08, 2019 Keynote Presentation Towards an Industrial Production of Hydrogen Through Catalytic Autothermal POX/Dry Reforming of Methane Jnicolas Abatzoglou *, Frank Dega and Mostafa Chamoumi Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada Abstract The diversification of energy sources, especially using non-fossil resources, is an efficient way to contribute to the solution of both environmental and socio-political issues. Hydrogen produced from renewable sources, such as biomass, appears as one of the potential future energy and raw material vectors. Currently, H 2 is mainly produced through natural gas and biogas catalytic steam reforming. This work belongs to a larger endeavour aimed at developing a new family of spinel-based catalysts. More specifically, this study targets the optimization of hydrogen production through a POX/Dry reforming of methane, operated close to the autothermal regime. The used patent-pending catalyst is a spinellized nickel formulation prepared from an ilmenite- derived negative value upgraded slag oxide (UGSO) coming from a TiO2 slag production unit operated by Rio Tinto Iron & Titanium, Quebec, Canada. The initial tests have been done in a tubular fixed bed reactor at 800-850°C, m cat = 0,3g, atmospheric pressure, space velocity between 4000 and 4600 ml STP /h/g cat and molar ratio of CH4 /CO2 = 3. The experiments revealed that CH4 /O2 = 2 molar ratio is the optimum condition, at 850°C. At these conditions, the conversion of CH 4 and CO reached 99% and 65% respectively while the selectivity of H 2 and CO was 104% and 79% respectively. -
Micro-Fabrication of Ceramics: Additive Manufacturing and Conventional Technologies
Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2021, 10(1): 1–27 ISSN 2226-4108 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40145-020-0422-5 CN 10-1154/TQ Review Micro-fabrication of ceramics: Additive manufacturing and conventional technologies Hany HASSANINa,*, Khamis ESSAb, Amr ELSHAERc, Mohamed IMBABYd,e, Heba H. EL-MONGYd,f, Tamer A. EL-SAYEDd,f aSchool of Engineering, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, CT1 1QU, UK bUniversity of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK cKingston University London, Penrhyn Road, Kingston Upon Thames, Surrey, KT1 2EE, UK dDepartment of Mechanical Design, Faculty of Engineering, Mataria, Helwan University, P. O. Box. 11718, Cairo, Egypt eJubail University College, Mechanical Engineering, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia fCenter for Applied Dynamics Research (CADR), School of Engineering, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, UK Received: June 7, 2020; Revised: August 31, 2020; Accepted: September 9, 2020 © The Author(s) 2020. Abstract: Ceramic materials are increasingly used in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) as they offer many advantages such as high-temperature resistance, high wear resistance, low density, and favourable mechanical and chemical properties at elevated temperature. However, with the emerging of additive manufacturing, the use of ceramics for functional and structural MEMS raises new opportunities and challenges. This paper provides an extensive review of the manufacturing processes used for ceramic-based MEMS, including additive and conventional manufacturing technologies. The review covers the micro-fabrication techniques of ceramics with the focus on their operating principles, main features, and processed materials. Challenges that need to be addressed in applying additive technologies in MEMS include ceramic printing on wafers, post-processing at the micro-level, resolution, and quality control. -
Additive Manufacturing Lead Contractor of the PP5 – RDA Pilsen Deliverable: Authors: PP5 – RDA Contractual Delivery 31.01.2022 Date
WPT3 D.T3.2.10 Virtual demonstration centre – Additive Version 1 manufacturing 03/2021 Project information Project Index Number: CE1519 Project Acronym: CHAIN REACTIONS Project Title: Driving smart industrial growth through value chain innovation Website: https://www.interreg-central.eu/Content.Node/CHAIN-REACTIONS.html Start Date of the Pro- 01.04.2019 ject: Duration: 36 Months Document Control page DT3.2.10 – Joint implementation report for the pilot in the advanced manu- Deliverable Title: facturing sector – virtual demonstration centre – additive manufacturing Lead Contractor of the PP5 – RDA Pilsen Deliverable: Authors: PP5 – RDA Contractual Delivery 31.01.2022 Date: Actual Delivery Date: 25.03.2021 Page I Table of content 1 Introduction ......................................................................................... 1 2 Division of 3D printing technologies ............................................................. 1 2.1 Selective Laser Sintering – SLS ............................................................................................... 1 2.2 Selective laser melting - SLM ................................................................................................. 2 2.3 Stereolithography - SLA ......................................................................................................... 2 2.4 Fused deposition Modelling - FDM ....................................................................................... 3 2.5 Electronic beam melting - EBM ............................................................................................ -
The Application of Additive Manufacturing / 3D Printing in Ergonomic Aspects of Product Design: a Systematic Review
Applied Ergonomics 97 (2021) 103528 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Applied Ergonomics journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/apergo Review article The application of additive manufacturing / 3D printing in ergonomic aspects of product design: A systematic review Tjaˇsa Kermavnar a, Alice Shannon b, Leonard W. O’Sullivan a,* a School of Design, Confirm Smart Manufacturing Centre and Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland b School of Design, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Additive Manufacturing (AM) facilitates product personalization and iterative design, which makes it an ideal 3D printing technology for ergonomic product development. In this study, a systematic review was conducted of the liter Additive manufacturing ature regarding the use of AM in ergonomic-product design, and methodological aspects of the studies were Ergonomics analyzed. A literature search was performed using the keywords “3D print*,” “additive manufacturing,” “ergo Human factors nomic*” and “human factors”. Included were studies reporting the use of AM specificallyin ergonomic design of products/prototypes including the detailing of an ergonomic testing methodology used for evaluation. Forty studies were identified pertaining to the fields of medicine, assistive technology, wearable technology, hand tools, testing devices and others. The most commonly used technology was fused deposition modeling with polylactic acid, but the overall preferred material was acrylonitrile butadiene styrene. Various combinations of objective/subjective and qualitative/quantitative product evaluation methods were used. Based on the findings, recommendations were developed to facilitate the choice of most suitable AM technologies and materials for specific applications in ergonomics. 1. Introduction modifications based on user evaluations of prototypes. -
History of Additive Manufacturing
Wohlers Report 2014 History of Additive Manufacturing History of additive This 34‐page document is a part of Wohlers Report 2014 and was created for its readers. The document chronicles the history of additive manufacturing manufacturing (AM) and 3D printing, beginning with the initial by Terry Wohlers and Tim Gornet commercialization of stereolithography in 1987 to May 2013. Developments from May 2013 through April 2014 are available in the complete 276‐page version of the report. An analysis of AM, from the earliest inventions in the 1960s to the 1990s, is included in the final several pages of this document. Additive manufacturing first emerged in 1987 with stereolithography (SL) from 3D Systems, a process that solidifies thin layers of ultraviolet (UV) light‐sensitive liquid polymer using a laser. The SLA‐1, the first commercially available AM system in the world, was the precursor of the once popular SLA 250 machine. (SLA stands for StereoLithography Apparatus.) The Viper SLA product from 3D Systems replaced the SLA 250 many years ago. In 1988, 3D Systems and Ciba‐Geigy partnered in SL materials development and commercialized the first‐generation acrylate resins. DuPont’s Somos stereolithography machine and materials were developed the same year. Loctite also entered the SL resin business in the late 1980s, but remained in the industry only until 1993. After 3D Systems commercialized SL in the U.S., Japan’s NTT Data CMET and Sony/D‐MEC commercialized versions of stereolithography in 1988 and 1989, respectively. NTT Data CMET (now a part of Teijin Seiki, a subsidiary of Nabtesco) called its system Solid Object Ultraviolet Plotter (SOUP), while Sony/D‐MEC (now D‐MEC) called its product Solid Creation System (SCS). -
C12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,306,828 B2 Barrera Et Al
111111 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 US007306828B2 c12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,306,828 B2 Barrera et al. (45) Date of Patent: Dec. 11, 2007 (54) FABRICATION OF REINFORCED 6,976,532 B2 * 12/2005 Zhan eta!. ................. 165/185 COMPOSITE MATERIAL COMPRISING 2004/0150140 A1 8/2004 Zhan et a!. CARBON NANOTUBES, FULLERENES, AND 2004/0265489 A1 * 12/2004 Dubin ........................ 427/212 VAPOR-GROWN CARBON FIBERS FOR 2005/0181209 A1 * 8/2005 Karandikar ................. 428/408 THERMAL BARRIER MATERIALS, OTHER PUBLICATIONS STRUCTURAL CERAMICS, AND MULTIFUNCTIONAL NANOCOMPOSITE Nakano et al., "Fabrication and Characterization of Three-Dimen CERAMICS sional Carbon Fiber Reinforced Silicon Carbide and Silicon Nitride Composites," J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 78(10), 2811-2814 (1995). (75) Inventors: Enrique V. Barrera, Houston, TX Guo et a!., "Carbon fibre-reinforced silicon nitride composite," J. (US); Leonard Lee Yowell, Jr., Mater. Sci. 17, 3611-3616 (1982). Grenet eta!., "Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Silicon Nitride Composites Houston, TX (US); Brian Mitchell by slurry Infilitration," Ceramic Transactions, 58, 125-130 (1995). Mayeaux, Houston, TX (US); Erica L. Iijima, "Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon," Nature, 354, Corral, Houston, TX (US); Joseph 56-58 (1991). Cesarano, III, Albuquerque, NM (US) Thostenson et a!., "Advances in the science and technology of carbon nanotubes and their composites: a review," Composites (73) Assignee: William Marsh Rice University, Science and Technology, 61, 1899-1912 (2001). Houston, TX (US) Yakobson et a!., "Nanomechanics of carbon tubes: instabilities beyond linear response," Physical Review Letters, 76(14), 2511- ( *) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 2514 ( 1996). patent is extended or adjusted under 35 Walters et a!., "Elastic Strain of Freely Suspended Single Walled U.S.C. -
Graphene Oxide: an All-In-One Processing Additive for 3D Printing
Graphene oxide: an all-in-one processing additive for 3D printing Esther García-Tuñóna,b,*, Ezra Feildena, Han Zhenga, Eleonora D’Eliaa, Alan Leonga and Eduardo Saiza aCentre for Advanced Structural Ceramics, Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Royal School of Mines, Prince Consort Road, South Kensington, SW7 2BP, London, UK bMaterials Innovation Factory & School of Engineering, Harrison Hughes Building, Brownlow Hill, L69 3GH, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK *[email protected] ORCID Esther García-Tuñón: 0000-0001-9507-4501 Keywords: 2D colloids, processing, 3D printing, complex fluids, and oscillatory rheology Abstract Many 3D printing technologies are based on the development of inks and pastes to build objects through droplet or filament deposition (the latter also known as continuous extrusion, robocasting or direct ink writing). Controlling and tuning rheological behaviour is key for successful manufacturing using these techniques. Different formulations have been proposed but the search continues for approaches that are clean, flexible and robust and can be adapted to a wide range of materials. Here we show how graphene oxide (GO) enables the formulation of water-based pastes to print a wide variety of materials (polymers, ceramics and steel) using robocasting. This work combines flow and oscillatory rheology, to provide further insights into the rheological behaviour of suspensions combining GO with other materials. Graphene oxide can be used to manipulate the viscoelastic response enabling the formulation of pastes with excellent printing behaviour that combine shear thinning flow and a fast recovery of their elastic properties. These inks do not contain other additives just GO and the material of interest. -
Design of a Machine for Manufacture of Elements Using Additive Manufacturing Technology
Principles of diploma at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, TUL POLITECHNIKA ŁÓDZKA WYDZIAŁ MECHANICZNY Instytut obrabiarek i Technologii budowy maszyn Nicolás Montilla 903077 ENGINEERING WORK in the field of Mechanical Engineering Erasmus scholarship TOPIC Design of a machine for manufacture of elements using Additive Manufacturing technology Work manager: Dr inż. Piotr Zgórniak ŁÓDŹ, 2020 Nicolás Montilla Díaz Łódź 2020 ENGINEERING WORK in the field of Mechanical Engineering Erasmus scholarship TOPIC Design of a machine for manufacture of elements using Additive Manufacturing technology 1 Nicolás Montilla Díaz Łódź 2020 General Index List of abbreviations 4 1. Introduction 5 2. State of the Art 5 2.1 Stereolithography (SLA) 6 2.2 Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) 7 2.3 Binder Jetting (BJ) 7 2.4 Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 8 3. 3D Printers review 11 3.1 Remarkable designs for 3D printers 11 3.1.1 Ultimaker 11 3.1.2 MakerBot 12 3.1.3 Prusa 13 3.1.4 Zortrax 14 3.2 Printers Specifications 15 3.3 Design requirements 16 3.3.1 Print dimensions 16 3.3.2 Structural design 16 3.3.3 Resolution 17 3.3.4 Handling and control 17 3.3.5 Control electronics 17 3.3.6 Control programs 17 4. Solution Analysis 18 4.1 Structure 18 4.1.1 Support structure 18 4.1.2 Base 19 4.2 Mechanics 20 4.2.1 Motors 20 4.2.2 Guides 20 4.2.3 Extruder 21 4.2.4 Pulleys and spindles 22 4.3 Electronics 23 5. Final results 26 6. -
Desktop Firearms: Emergent Small Arms Craft Production Technologies
ARES Research Report No. 8 Desktop Firearms: Emergent Small Arms Craft Production Technologies G. Hays & Ivan T. March 2020 with N.R. Jenzen-Jones COPYRIGHT NOTICE Published in Australia by Armament Research Services (ARES). © Armament Research Services Pty. Ltd. Published in March 2020. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Armament Research Services, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organisation. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Publications Manager, Armament Research Services: [email protected] ISBN 978-0-6485267-5-9 2 Credits Authors: G. Hays & Ivan T. with N.R. Jenzen-Jones Editor: N.R. Jenzen-Jones Technical reviewers: Jonathan Ferguson & Bruce Koffler Layout & Design: Justin Baird Bibliographic Information Hays, G. & Ivan T. with N.R. Jenzen-Jones. 2020. Desktop Firearms: Emergent Small Arms Craft production Technologies. Perth: Armament Research Services (ARES). DESKTOP FIREARMS About the Authors G. Hays G. Hays is a firearms researcher with a specific interest in improvised and craft-produced weapons. He has documented hundreds of different designs and examined methods of manufacture, design influences, and user types. He has produced original research for ARES and other organizations, mostly focusing on the design, development, and employment of improvised and craft-produced small arms and light weapons. Together with N.R. Jenzen-Jones he authored one of the foundational works on craft-produced weapons, Beyond State Control: Improvised and Craft-produced Small Arms and Light Weapons, published by the Small Arms Survey in 2018. -
Extrusion-Based 3D Printing of Ceramic Components M
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia CIRP 28 ( 2015 ) 76 – 81 3rd CIRP Global Web Conference Extrusion-based 3D printing of ceramic components M. Faesa,*, H. Valkenaersa, F. Vogelera, J. Vleugelsb, E. Ferrarisa aKU Leuven, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, J. De Nayerlaan, B-2860 St.-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium bKU Leuven, Dept. of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering (MTM), Kasteelpark Arenberg 44 bus 2450, B-3001 Heverlee , Belgium * Corresponding author. Tel.: + 32 (0) 15 31 69 44, E-mail address: [email protected]. Abstract Engineering ceramics are becoming increasingly important in the nowadays-industrial landscape, thanks to the exceptional combination of good mechanical, thermal and chemical properties. Nevertheless, traditional ceramic manufacturing technologies lack the ability to compete in a market of customized complex components. Additive Manufacturing therefore provides an important contribution, given the nearly unlimited design freedom. This research aims at developing an extrusion-based AM technology using UV-curable dispersions. The homogeneity, rheology and printability of these dispersions, containing 22,5%vol to 55%vol ZrO2 in different commercially available resins were investigated. A sintered density of 92% was obtained, proving the potential of the technology in development. © 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (©http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.). Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the International Scientific SelectionCommittee and of peer the-review 3rd CIRP under Global responsibility Web Conference of the International in the person Scientifi of c Committeethe Conference of the Chair“3rd CIRP Dr. -
Opportunities and Scope of Desktop 3D Printers in India
International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) ISSN: 2249 – 8958, Volume-8 Issue-6, August 2019 Opportunities and Scope of Desktop 3D Printers in India Vishwa Poswal, Ram Dayal, Ravi Kant Gupta in many fields of engineering and industry such as aircraft, Abstract. AM is an advanced manufacturing technology used dental restorations, medical implants, automotive products, for fabricating parts in layers, from a CAD file. Various methods construction and prototyping [3]. With the reduced cost and and materials have been developed to cater to its expanding size of 3D printers in the recent-past, the category of personal applications. AM has seen tremendous growth in the recent past. While growth in the technical aspect is essential for the or desktop 3D printers was introduced. Personal or low-cost development of new techniques, growth in the economic aspect desktop 3D printers are those AM machines which have a unit provides the need of innovation. With its ever-increasing cost of less than $5,000 [4]. Personal 3D printers are chiefly industrial and personal applications, the 3D printing technology based on FDM, as complex geometrical parts can be produced has experienced advancements in both the aspects. Yet its full safely in an office-friendly environment using thermoplastics potential has not been harnessed in developing countries. In this [5]. Hence, the range of its applications were expanded to work, it is proposed to optimize the existing desktop 3D printers for developing countries. A market survey was conducted to homes, schools, offices, libraries and laboratories. recognise the lagging areas and the design modifications were When compared to industrial 3D printers, the market made accordingly to produce a compact, efficient and segment of personal 3D printers is recent, yet, it has achieved cost-effective personal 3D printer for the respective needs and an average annual growth rate of about 170% from 2008 to applications in developing countries.