Annual of the Institute of History University of Szeged Ch Konica
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I - i 4 CHRONICA ANNUAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF HISTORY UNIVERSITY OF SZEGED CH KONICA ANNUAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF HISTORY UNIVERSITY OF SZEGED HUNGARY Editor-in-chief: László Marjanucz Editor: Zsolt Hunyadi Editorial Board: László Koszta, Ferenc Makk, László J. Nagy, Enikő Sajti, Sándor László Tóth, István Zimonyi Proof Readers: Marie-Madeleine de Cevins (French) Gayle Hendry-Cortell (English) Judith Rasson (English) Ilia Zaitsev (Russian) Articles appearing in the CHRONICA are abstracted in HISTORICAL ABSTRACT and AMERICA: HISTORY AND LIFE ISSN 1588 2039 Published by the Institute of History, University of Szeged 2. Egyetem u. H-6722 Szeged Hungary e-mail: [email protected] http: / /primus.arts.u-szeged.hu/chronica Printed in Hungary, on acid-free paper by E-press Ltd, Szeged Copyright © 2004, by the authors and the editor •Л Contents Lectori salut em 3 Gyula Kristó (1939-2004) 4 Articles LÁSZLÓ BALOGH The ügri allies of Heraclius 8 SZABOLCS POLGÁR The identification of K.r.h in the passage of Ibn Rusta 15 ISTVÁN ZIMONYI A new Muslim source on the Hungarians in the second half of tenth century 22 LÁSZLÓ GÁLFFY Les marchands italiens en Anjou pendant la seconde moitié du XlIIe siècle 32 JUDIT MAJOROSSY unsere arme leivte... Hospitals and the Poor in Late Medieval Bratislava .... 41 SÁNDOR PAPP From a Transylvanian principality to an Ottoman sanjak. The life of Pál Márkházi, a Hungarian renegade 57 MARIANNE BAKUCZ Biblia e História. Traduçôes de Biblia no pensamento etiropeu: as tradu- çôes ibéricas 68 ENIKŐ A. SAJTI The foundation of the Yugoslavian Hungarian Party (1922) 74 Юдит Пихурик Правда солдатских дневников и военная пропаганда в Венгрии в 1942-1943 гг 88 LÁSZLÓ J. NAGY Le manifeste du peuple algérien. Document fondamental du nationa- lisme algérien 99 Conferences, workshops SZILVIA KOVÁCS First International Conference of the Medieval History of the Eurasian Steppe (Szeged, 11-16 May 2004) 107 Theses RICHÁRD SZÁNTÓ The structure of the estate, the society and political institutions of Derby- shire in the late fourteenth and first half of the fifteenth century 118 GYÖRGY GALAMB Jacques de la Marche, prêcheur et inquisiteur. Le rôle de l'Observance franciscaine en Italie, en Bosnie et en Hongrie au milieu du XVe siècle 122 SÁNDOR PAPP Critical survey of letters of donation, confirmation and that of agreement issued by the Ottoman sultans for the rulers of Hungary and Transyl- vania 126 LAJOS KÖVÉR Forgotten French sources as a reflection of the perception of the Hun- garians in the eighteenth century 129 GÉZA SZÁSZ The French-language press and travel narratives as a reflection of Hun- gary (1837-1847) 135 Lectori salutem SIGNIFICANT EVENTS AND CHANGES CHARACTERIZED the activity of the Institute of History since the publication of the previous volume of the Chronica. The most sorrowful was the death of Prof. Gyula Kristó, correspondent fellow of the Hun- garian Academy of Sciences. He was not only a world-famous scholar of Hun- garian medieval studies but also an outstanding colleague and a great friend. Our academic achievements, on the other hand, are best documented by the studies and reports published in the present volume. The overall objective of the Chronica is to provide a snapshot on the current research activity of the fellows in the Institute. Thus, we publish the most recent theories and results of research on the East. Its significance is accentuated by the fact that the Department of Medie- val World History organized the first international conference focusing on the history of the Eurasian steppe in the Middle Ages. Two additional articles con- centrate on medieval studies, both pertain to urban history. One of them reveals the new findings from medieval Anjou, while the other discusses the social standing of the poor through the example of a medieval Hungarian town. Two further studies lead us from the Middle Ages to the early modern period, though they represent wide temporal and spatial horizon. One of them deals with translations of the Bible, while the other holds up a mirror to the life of a Hungar- ian renegade during the Turkish occupation of Hungary. There are studies in the volume debating twentieth-century history. They also cover a wide range of topics. Firstly, the political pursuits of the Hungarian mi- nority is being analyzed through the investigation of the circumstances of the foundation of the Hungarian Party in the early 1920s. Secondly, the comparison of soldiers' memoirs and the contemporary war propaganda shed a particular light on World War II. The collection, analysis, and evaluation of such special source material proved to be of primary importance since it provides a unique opportunity for reconstructing events from the point of view of front soldiers. Mediterranean studies is among the preferred fields of research in the Insti- tute of History, particularly, in that of the Department of Modern World History. The results of a many-decade research published by the fellow of the Institute re- veals the inducements of Arab nationalism with special regard to Algeria. Last but not least, we have launched a new section entitled Theses in our an- nual. From this volume onwards, we intend to publish the short summary of re- cently defended doctoral (both PhD and DSc) dissertations. We hope that these résumés reveal the academic activity of the Institute from a different angle. László Marjanucz Head, Institute of History 3 Gyula Kristó (1939-2004) The representatives of Medieval Studies in Hungary mourn deeply the loss of history professor, Dr. Gyula Kristó, a correspondent fellow of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, an established scholar, an eminent teacher, an outstanding public figure and a great friend. Professor Kristó died on 24 January 2004 fol- lowing a long illness. Gyula Kristó was born on 11 July 1939 in Orosháza, Hungary. He completed his primary and secondary school studies in his native town, and in 1962 gradu- ated with honours from the University of Szeged, majoring in History, Hungar- ian and Latin language and literature. Early in his studies he became seriously involved in scholarly activities and, as a result, upon graduation he was offered a teaching position at the same university. Gyula Kristó accepted the offer and he remained loyal to the same institution until his death. In the field of academic work Gyula Kristó initially investigated the question of medieval Hungarian chronicles, and, in 1969, at the Hungarian Academy of Sciences defended a CSc dissertation entitled The Development of the Elements of Historical and Political Thought in Hungarian Chronicles. In parallel with this re- search, he wrote a monograph on eleventh-century pagan revolts, published nu- merous scholarly articles and started in-depth research into the topic of the proc- ess of feudal disunity from the dynastic division of the country to the emergence of regional administration and from the concentration of offices to the establish- ment of provincial power. This research led to a dissertation, as a result of which Gyula Kristó was awarded the degree of Academic Doctor (DsC) of History in 1977. He always applied a complex approach when investigating ninth to four- teenth-century Hungarian history and considered economic, social and political history as well as aspects of military, regional and local history in his research. Because of the comprehensiveness of his approach and of the creative use of his diverse, yet in-depth knowledge of various fields of history, many of his col- leagues considered Gyula Kristó a universal scholar, an attribute he always mod- estly declined in spite of the fact that he not only excelled at different fields of history, but was also familiar with medieval Latin, microphilology, linguistics, archeology, ethnography and literature. In research methodology he was a devotee 4 GYULA KRISTÓ (1939-2004) of the so-called "complex approach", without which, he said, it had been impos- sible to comprehend life in the past as a whole. He also thought that in every sci- entific field researchers should go as far as possible and it was only when this stage had been achieved that they were advised to compare the outcome of their own research with the results of other fields. Using a term of his own, Gyula Kristó considered himself a "realistic" historian, who, while building on a com- plexity of historical facts, always aimed at describing historical reality. He con- trasted this method with the aims of those historians, who, by selecting historical data at random were rather trying to find evidence to support their own hypo- thetical ideas. He was convinced that being a good academic meant both a love of the investigated field and great sacrifices on the part of the researcher. In his opinion, an in-depth knowledge of the research field, as well as systematic self- improvement, detailed familiarity with source criticism and research methodol- ogy were all indispensable preconditions for real academic achievements. With great diplomatic tact, he was always prepared for professional debate on the condition that true facts, which could be proved, needed to be consistently sepa- rated from hypotheses, unproved facts or desired opinion. (This is why he was on several occasions involved in debates with some representatives of Slovak, Croatian and Romanian historiography.) On the basis of these principles, he cre- ated an unrivalled quality and quantity of writing. Prior to his death, Gyula Kristó had authored 101 books (with some additional ones in print), and had published over 600 articles, a number of textbooks and other writings for educa- tional purposes. In addition, Gyula Kristó edited several monumental works, in- cluding the Encyclopedia of Early Hungarian History, from the 9th to the 14th Centu- ries (Budapest 1994). In addition to books of his own, Gyula Kristó was the co-author of several works of significance as well.