a semi-annual publication of the Spring 2005 philem n foundation Volume 1, Issue 1 JUNG HISTORY: A Semi-Annual Publication of the FOUNDATION PROJECTS Philemon Foundation, Volume 1, Issue 1 THE JUNG-WHITE LETTERS : PAGE TWO Murray Stein The Philemon Foundation was founded at the end of EXCERPT FROM THE INTRODUCTION 2003, and since this time, has made critical contribu- TO THE JUNG-WHITE LETTERS : PAGE FOUR tions to a number of ongoing projects preparing for Ann Lammers publication the still unpublished works of C. G. Jung. The Foundation is grateful to its donors who have MODERN PSYCHOLOGY : PAGE EIGHT made this work possible. Jung History, which will Sonu Shamdasani appear semi-annually, will provide accounts of some SWISS FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY of the ongoing research supported by the Philemon (ETH): COLLATING THE TEXT OF THE Foundation and other news. In addition to schol- “MODERN PSYCHOLOGY” : PAGE TWELVE ars funded by the Philemon Foundation, Jung History Angela Graf-Nold will present reports of significant historical research and publications in the field. In recent years, an ADDITIONAL PROJECTS increasing amount of new historical research on C. G. A NEW JUNG BIBLIOGRAPHY : PAGE SIXTEEN Jung has been undertaken, based on the study of Juliette Vieljeux hitherto unknown primary materials. However, the publication of such research has been widely dis- PICTURING JUNG’S PLACES : PAGE NINETEEN persed, which has led to the desirability of a publica- Dieter Klein tion to gather together such work and make it better known. Jung History sets out to fill this need. Jung NEWS : PAGE TWENTY ONE History will be freely distributed to donors, collabo- rating institutions, and interested readers. To receive each issue in print form, please send an e-mail to [email protected]. Jung History will also be available for download at www.philemon- foundation.org. For further information concern- ing the Philemon Foundation, please send an e-mail to [email protected].

The Editors — Lily Ann Hoge, Editor Wendy Swan, Editor Stephen A. Martin, Consulting Editor Sonu Shamdasani, Consulting Editor Eugene Taylor, Consulting Editor

Copyright for the articles in Jung History remains with the authors. Cover image © Erbengemeinschaft C. G. Jung : from the president : page one

WELCOME

On behalf of the Board of Directors it gives The Philemon Foundation has the complete me the greatest pleasure to introduce this inaugural support of the Heirs of C. G. Jung. This has helped issue of Jung History: A Semi-Annual Publication of the us to plan for the most complete and historically Philemon Foundation. Jung History is the quintessence accurate scholarly editions possible so that those of the Philemon Foundation, a review of work in who read Jung’s works in future generations may the field of Jung history together with the activities come to their own informed conclusions about of our scholar editors who ably and comprehen- Jung’s ideas, observations, and interpretations of the sively pursue our mission: To prepare for publica- psyche. The new editions will not preempt other tion in the most accurate and unexpurgated fashion approaches and interpretations from the existing possible the unpublished words and writings of corpus of Jung’s work. No current editions of C. G. Jung. The Philemon Foundation is a Jung’s works need disappear; all existing contractual non-profit organization founded in 2003 with the relations between the Jung estate and their publish- aim of preparing for publication a Complete Works of ers remain unchanged. The Foundation is a fully Jung, in contradistinction to the present Collected independent organization, and it is not involved in Works of Jung. You may be as surprised as I was to the commercial exploitation of the existing Collected learn how much unpublished material there is from Works of Jung. Materials in the Jung archives at the Jung’s hand: manuscripts, notes and correspondenc- ETH remain available for all scholars to consult on es, and, of course, the legendary Red Book, a literary application in accordance with the terms of use of work of psychology which forms the visionary the ETH archives. The Philemon Foundation and basis of Jung’s professional work. There are, as well, anyone associated with it have no role in granting unpublished seminars and discussions, which we are access or citation permissions for this material. now in a position to reconstruct more fully than An undertaking like this is necessarily costly ever from previously unavailable notes by students and requires the support of many individuals. We who participated in them. By reading these are already fortunate in having received generous pages, requesting a brochure or visiting our website donations from a number of people who believe in www.philemonfoundation.org, you will learn that we what we are trying to do. Now, we would like to have an international team of scholars preparing the reach out to the wider professional, lay and academ- first four projects: ic communities and ask for help with this great endeavor. There are two immediate ways to • A new translation of Jung’s Children’s help. The first is financially by making a donation Dreams Seminar that will enable our scholar editors to continue their • A full edition, based on recently discovered present projects and begin new ones. The second notes of Jung’s ETH Lectures from 1933–1941 is to spread the good word to other friends of • The entire correspondence between Jung and Jung who might also wish to make a donation. the Dominican priest, Victor White Contributions can be made by check, wire transfer, • The long-awaited and nearly complete or on our secure website. The boldness of my edition of Jung’s Red Book. request for help is fueled by an image that I have Some of these editions will appear in late 2005 and been carrying since Philemon’s inception: If C. G. early 2006; further projects are in the planning Jung were to come to me for support in order to publish his stages and will commence in the coming year. We unpublished material, would I help? My own answer has anticipate that our work will take upwards of thirty been a resounding yes, and I hope yours will be too. years to complete and will likely reach thirty addi- tional volumes beyond the Collected Works, the eventual Stephen A. Martin, Psy.D. retranslation of which we intend to sponsor. President : jung history 1:1

THE JUNG-WHITE LETTERS MURRAY STEIN

his edition of the understandings. In the dialogue with White, this letters between eventually caused a major and, as it turned out, Prof. C.G. Jung insoluble conflict. Theology and psychology are and Fr. Victor quite distinct disciplines that proceed from widely White is the third major collec- different assumptions and employ incompatible tion of Jung’s correspondences methodologies, and the consequences of this Jung to be published. The first was and White did not know quite as profoundly at the the famous exchange between outset as at the conclusion of their exchanges. On Jung and Freud, edited by the question of evil, their thoughts diverged irrevo- William McGuire. The second cably. When Jung put forward his most distinctive was that between Jung and forthright psychological reflections on Biblical and Wolfgang Pauli, the theology and Christian doctrine in Answer to Job — physicist, edited by C. A. Meier. Now in this corre- which was also his answer to White! — much of it spondence with White we see Jung in dialogue with flew directly in the face of the received doctrine that a theologian. had anchored White’s life and career. All three collections of letters tell us a great deal Many of Jung’s more substantial letters in this about the human matrix underlying the formal the- correspondence have been published previously in oretical and scientific writings that in some measure the collection edited by Gerhard Adler. None of derive from and surely are deeply influenced by White’s side of the correspondence, however, has these important relationships. With respect to previously been available. Until now, one had to Jung’s side of the equation, in each collection, too, read between the lines and do a lot of guesswork to we discover a different side of his complex person- discern the fullness of their personal relationship ality and another facet of his brilliant mind. It is and the details of their intellectual exchange. With noteworthy that he was able to carry on such signif- this publication of the complete correspondence, it icant exchanges with three figures of the highest becomes quite evident that the engagement with standing in their own fields of expertise, each having White was for Jung an essential dialogue that con- a completely different background and specialization. tributed importantly to his late writings. The tor- Each set of letters shows a complex and tured argument with White over personal human connection between the the place of evil in theological doc- correspondents as well as an intellectual trines of God (their ongoing dis- dialogue of the highest caliber. pute over the infamous ‘privatio boni’ From these letters between Jung and doctrine) pushed Jung toward refin- White, we can see that the main subject ing and deepening his critique of matter of their discussions was the rela- classical theology, which then tionship between psychology and religion. appeared in full force in Aion However, the correspondence also reflects © Erbengemeinschaft C. G. Jung (1951) and Answer to Job (1952). the trajectory of their personal relation- White, one could say, sharpened ship, from the high excitement of mutual recogni- Jung’s sword by dueling with him for several years tion at the beginning, through the realization of before he entered the public arena with his pub- crucial differences in attitude and philosophical lished writings. commitments in the middle, to a mutual feeling of For White, Jung was a teacher and the very fig- betrayal and misunderstanding as its end. At last ure of an archetypal “wise old man”. They first met there is a note of empathy and healing, but that when Jung was 70 years old. For Jung, White was a came muted and late. “raven” (see Jung’s second letter in the correspon- Psychology was, of course, Jung’s chief concern, dence), like the one sent by God to Elijah in the and all other interests eventually were inspected and wilderness, come to feed him with spiritual nourish- interpreted through the lens of his psychological ment from abroad. Jung had longed for this kind of : foundation projects : page three

Jung at Bollingen, 1956, photographer unknown Jung, draft letter to White, © Ann Conrad Lammers

connection with a theologian. Not that Jung would Yet, paradoxically, he outlived the younger man by use White as a confessor or a professor, although he a year. did pick his brain on various fine points of Jung was correct in his intuition that White was Thomistic thought and Catholic doctrine, about a godsend, for it was through White’s provocations which White was an expert. Rather, Jung looked on that he produced some of his most impassioned White as an invaluable interlocutor on matters that and stimulating writings. This is not a particularly had preoccupied and bothered him for nearly his happy story, though, for in the end each man felt whole lifetime. Growing up in the home of a pastor rather abused and misunderstood by the other. father who could not answer his difficult questions White died with his Christian faith intact, per- about the meaning of such abstruse theological doc- haps even strengthened by his engagement with trines as the Trinity (see MDR, pp. 52ff.), Jung Analytical Psychology. Jung passed away in another found in White a Catholic father who could not state of grace. In the end, they were of different only match his questions with keen answers from faiths. S his learned intellect but who also could challenge References him to change some of his (by this time) ingrained Adler, G. (ed.) 1973. C.G. Jung Letters, Vols. 1 and 2. Bollingen Series, attitudes and views. Strangely, however, Jung also Princeton: Princeton University Press. discovered in White a similar set of conflicts to Jung, C. G. 1962. Memories, Dreams, Reflections. New York: Vintage Books. those he had earlier perceived in his father, Paul McGuire, W. (ed.). 1974. The Freud/Jung Letters. Bollingen Series, Jung, who was torn apart by the battle raging in his Princeton: Princeton University Press. day between science and religion. As with his father, Meier, C.A. (ed.). 2001. Atom and Archetype: The Pauli/Jung Letters. Princeton: Princeton University Press. so too with White, Jung was not able to solve the other man’s dilemmas. For himself Jung had found Biography Murray Stein, Ph.D. was president of the International Association for a solution to the problem of the historical split in Analytical Psychology from 2001 to 2004. He is a founding member of the Inter-Regional Society for Jungian Analysts and the Chicago Society of the Christian West between matter and spirit in a Jungian Analysts. He has written several books, including Jung’s Treatment of type of psychology that has the potential to heal it. Christianity, In MidLife, and Jung’s Map of the Soul. He is the editor of Jungian Analysis and works as a publisher for Chiron Publications. Presently he lives in Jung’s frail health during the years of correspon- Switzerland and teaches at the newly formed International School of ding with White is a constant theme in these letters. Analytical Psychology in Zürich : jung history 1:1

EXCERPT FROM THE INTRODUCTION TO THE JUNG- WHITE LETTERS ANN C. LAMMERS

ictor White chologists has long been one of suspicion, if not was a thinker. He outright hostility. In White’s case, as a Catholic was 27 years younger religious and priest, and a teacher of future priests, than Jung but was also, the professional stakes were especially high. After he like Jung, a pioneer in first visited Jung in Bollingen, White dreamed they his field, which was were sailing at great speed among rocks. Jung wrote Catholic (Thomistic) the- back, “We are indeed on an adventurous and dan- ology. For personal reasons gerous journey!”1 One might suspect that a philo- White entered Jungian analysis sophically trained theologian and a medically in Oxford during the Second trained psychologist, having been schooled in such VWorld War. He plunged into different modes of reaching and defending conclu- reading Jung’s published works in sions, would quickly encounter theoretical prob- both English and German and was lems, their basic assumptions being so mismatched. excited to discover key points of contact between In fact, this turned out to be the case with Jung and Jung’s thought and the Thomistic theology that was White. They experienced difficulties at the levels of his own creative field. His long-term, ambitious doctrine and interpretation. Underneath, control- goal was to point the way toward a new ling both these levels of discourse, their Thomistic synthesis between orthodox epistemologies (theories of knowledge) Catholic doctrine and the best of mod- were in conflict.2 ern science, which he had found, Jung is firmly committed to a theory he believed, in Jung’s psychology. of knowledge that springs from a neo- White first wrote to Jung in Kantian philosophy and views the soul August 1945, when the international (or psyche) as the primary organ of mail service was working again after the knowing. Jung always starts from and war, and enclosed four journal articles he had returns to his conviction that the psyche is the written in the meantime about his proposed synthesis. only available lens through which images of reality In these essays White explored key writings by Jung are experienced and interpreted. By this theory and criticized the work of fellow theologians who everything — even such unfathomable realities as had tried, with mixed success, to discuss the psy- the soul, nature, and God — is known subjectively, chologies of Freud and Jung from a theological experientially or, as Jung likes to say, empirically. By standpoint. Jung digested these offprints and then, contrast White’s theological method begins with with unwonted speed, welcomed White as the long- the church’s three classic sources of authority: reve- sought answer to a beleaguered scientist’s prayer. lation, tradition, and reason, to which he adds an The rest of their story occupies the pages that follow. important fourth: experience. This fourth source of Since this is a story of interdisciplinary collabo- knowledge, experience, did not occupy the same ration, readers on either side of the theology-psy- place of importance for many of White’s chology divide, not to mention those in different Dominican contemporaries. But it was, as I argue fields, may wonder what tempted representatives of elsewhere,3 a very important part of White’s theology, such different professions into the risky process of and the part which made him genuinely open to theoretical bridge-building. The theology-psychology Jung’s thought. dialogue occupies no-man’s-land, a territory mined Jung’s epistemology made him suspicious of with risks of misunderstanding and threatened by most theologians, for what he saw as their tendency political crossfire. What historical factors propelled to dodge reality and flee into metaphysical realms this psychologist and this theologian to gamble where they could assert doctrinal and credal claims their personal resources and professional reputations as true, whether or not these claims made a prag- in the debate between faith and science? matic connection with experience, in a subjective or The relationship between theologians and psy- psychological sense. At times Jung was merely : foundation projects : page five

amused, but often he was angrily impatient with have known, in advance of their debate, that White’s what he saw as the “medieval” frame of mind that commitment to experiential thought was not absolute could ignore facts, if necessary, to defend a truth but was balanced by his enduring respect for revela- that existed only in the abstract. tion, tradition, and reason, the three authorities Yet as he grew older Jung also experienced a invoked in classical Christian discourse. White’s powerful sense that he was called to treat the spiri- epistemology thus had four roots, whereas Jung’s, tual and religious ills of patients who, as he wrote, arguably, had only one. were suffering psychologically for lack of an authen- The two men quickly acknowledged their dif- tic spiritual life. He began to reach out to theologians, ferent educations and work environments, but they especially to Catholics, whose ancient symbols and did not take time to test the depth of those differ- creeds he found both alien and compelling. From ences. They felt the pressure of Jung’s advancing his father, a Swiss Reformed pastor, Jung felt he age, and they were also laboring under the impact of had absorbed enough Protestantism to last a life- all the revelations of evil and suffering in the war time. For the sake of his patients, however, and for just ended. For these and other reasons they rushed his collective “patient,” Western Christianity,4 he into collaboration, believing they could build a solid came to a point where he had to ask for help, to bridge between their divergent modes of thought. gain access to the symbolic language of Catholicism. White was particularly optimistic on this count. He When White wrote to him, Jung had long been observed that they used language and concepts dif- yearning to carry on a truly psychological dialogue ferently but thought that with diligence their differ- with his Catholic consultants. So White’s apparent ences could be resolved. Later, when the relation- grasp of and openness to empirical reasoning sur- ship was undergoing acute strains, he still pointed prised and pleased him enormously. He could not to their typological differences, as if hoping that they faced no irreconcilable contradiction, but were simply viewing the same reality from two angles. Jung and White agreed at the outset about what constituted the inner experience and objective wel- fare of the human soul but disagreed about many other things which would have been essential to their shared task, such as the source and extent of human knowledge about God, the definition and foundation of faith, and the grounds for ultimate hopefulness about the destiny of creation. These disagreements proved so vast that, even if all the “Philemonis Sacrum other variables affecting their relationship had been Fausti Poenitentia” positive, the conceptual divide would perhaps have been unbridgeable. Their falling out, which erupted

1 White to Jung, 13 October 1946; Jung to White, 6 Nov. 1946. 2 My earlier book, In God’s Shadow: The Collaboration of Victor White and C.G. Jung (Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press, 1994) is devoted to a detailed exploration of the historical and theoretical framework of the Jung-White relationship, its intel- lectual background, the written work flowing from it, the reasons for its nearly complete dissolution, and its implications for further interdisciplinary efforts. Ideas offered in the present paragraph and those immediately following are more thoroughly explored in that work. 3 Cf. In God’s Shadow, ch. 2, “Thomism and the Warrants of Experience,” especially pp.48ff. 4 For a thorough discussion of how Jung developed his sense of mission to the broken soul of Western civilization, cf. Murray Stein, Jung’s Treatment of Christianity: The Psychotherapy of a Religious Tradition (Wilmette, IL: Chiron Publications, 1985). The theme is discussed also in my book, IGS, ch. 4, pp. 144ff, “Saving the Christian West.” : jung history 1:1

in earnest after Jung had grown up with the sinewy individual- Jung’s publica- ism of the Swiss Reformed tradition, which holds tion of Answer the soul’s relationship to God to be solitary and to Job, only laid direct, unmediated by any outer authority (although bare the fun- the local pastor’s interpretation of the Bible, in damental bar- Zwingli’s translation, might be taken into account). © Dieter Klein riers to their Jung never repudiated this tradition, of which his collaboration. For all White’s distress about it, Job pastor father had been his most influential, if did not create these obstacles; they were present ambivalent, teacher. White, meanwhile, son of an from the start. Anglican priest, had converted to Catholicism in his In his earliest letters White “writes up” to Jung, teens6 and treasured the credal and metaphysical as if addressing a great master whose goodwill he thought-world which was his heritage. He held a dreads to lose. He emphasizes their points of con- complex, sacramental view of the church’s commu- vergence and avoids mentioning passages in Jung’s nal body, his inner world having been shaped by his writings with which he disagrees. One of these was Dominican education and by decades of service to Jung’s broadside attack, in the published text of his his community of faith. He could neither overcome 1940 lecture on the Trinity, against the Catholic Jung’s resistance to credal and doctrinal statements doctrine treating evil as the “privation of good.” nor share it. His appropriation of Jung’s psychology When White finally takes Jung to task for inferior was based on his prior conviction that truth, like theology, in his fierce review of Jung’s 1948 lecture God, is unitary.7 He could about the Self, he writes as if to a first-year only wring his hands at Dominican, referring Jung to texts that will correct Jung’s insistence that his fundamental error. It is a crucial turning point unconsciousness and evil in the relationship. As the two men discover more are intrinsic to the very about each other, their disagreements become nature of God. tougher and more frustrating, until it becomes evi- Historical contingen- dent that their opposing views of God, evil, and the cies also impinged heavily human soul are based not only on conflicting theo- on the relationship. The ries of knowledge but on their deepest personal collaboration of White commitments, the nondebatable ground in which and Jung unfolded during their respective epistemologies are rooted. a period in the twentieth century when many Jung and White were brought together by Catholic theologians, not just White, felt the shared, passionate convictions concerning the spiri- ground of ecclesial politics shift beneath them. tual healing of individuals and collectives. Each one, White depended on his Order, in which he had using his own language, related spiritual health to lived since young adulthood; yet he also suffered psychological wholeness, interpreting the latter as repeatedly from wrenching vocational conflicts. the integration of opposites within the personality. With these internal struggles as a backdrop, he White was enthusiastically willing to embrace recognized the bitter irony of the blow dealt Jungian psychology, as far as he understood it, and to him in the summer of 1954 when suddenly saw himself as a proto-analyst. In this respect their and without explanation he was deprived of his relationship was asymmetrical: Jung did not recipro- already confirmed post as Regent of Studies at cate. His rejection of metaphysical arguments, despite Oxford Blackfriars. his own commitment to Kantian idealism,5 and his White had confided his renewed vocational resistance to collective authority — especially when doubts to Jung late in 1953 and early in 1954, this authority spoke in a voice of religious ortho- when he came close to leaving the Order. With doxy — made it highly unlikely that he would ever Jung’s support and counsel he had concluded it was enter White’s world, as White longed to enter his. right to stay where he was, even though this would : foundation projects : page seven

mean signing an anti-modernist oath, with which 5 Cf. Marilyn Nagy, Philosophical Issues in the Psychology of C.G. Jung (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1991), especially ch. 1, ch. 3, and ch. 7, he emphatically disagreed, as the price of his new “Two Epistemological Discussions by Jung.” position. White had just made his peace with this 6 Information about Victor White’s life and work will be provided in Adrian Cunningham’s essay, “Victor White, a Memoir,” Appendix Two in The Jung- decision when he experienced his public humiliation. White Letters, forthcoming. 7 White treats this theme in a foundational essay, written before he met Jung’s This series of events should be kept in mind, I thought, which concludes that the medieval synthesis of St. Anselm, St. Albert, believe, when considering the rupture of the Jung- and St. Thomas Aquinas must be recreated in a new form for modern people. Faith and science do not conflict, he argues, but point to the same truth White friendship in mid-1955. This was the time, (“Scholasticism,” London: Catholic Truth Society, 1934, esp. pp. 18–26; 30f). as it happens, when C.G. and Emma Jung were fac- Biography ing the terminal cancer diagnosis which had just Ann Conrad Lammers, M.Div., Ph.D., MFT, earned her Master of Divinity at been delivered to her. Jung’s capacity to deal kindly The General Theological Seminary in New York (1982) and her doctorate in Religious Studies at Yale (1987). Moving to California to teach at seminary, with a troubled and troubling friend was doubtless she later became a licensed psychotherapist and has been in private practice in Berkeley since 1995. Her first book, based on her doctoral dissertation, less than it might have been. For whatever reason, was In God's Shadow: The Collaboration of Victor White and C. G. Jung (Paulist, 1994) his need to separate himself from White at this point was apparently so absolute that, had it not been for the mediation that came later from an extraordinary direction, during White’s final illness, their story would have ended, like the Freud-Jung story, in silence. S

“... By the way, i think you cannot have noticed that job & his ‘comforters’ never use the sacred name of yahweh, (they are edomites — so hardly could) but only elohim. it occurs only in the prologue & epilogue.”

— Excerpt from White’s letter, March 17, 1955

© Victor White to Jung, 17 March 1955, photo by Ann Conrad Lammers, reproduced with the permission of Adrian Cunningham. : jung history 1:1

MODERN PSYCHOLOGY SONU SHAMDASANI

etween 1933 and 1941, standing of his late work. The topics of the lectures C.G. Jung lectured at the include a seminal study of the history of psychology, Swiss Federal Institute an account of the theory and practice of complex for Technology (ETH). psychology with particular reference to the theory of He was appointed a complexes, dream analysis, psychological types, and professor there in 1935. the psychology of the unconscious, Jung’s most This represented a extended case study, studies of the spiritual exercises resumption of his of Ignatius of Loyola, the Yoga sutras of Patanjali, university career after and the symbolism of Buddhist meditational prac- a long hiatus, as he tices and medieval alchemy. In studying these tradi- Bhad resigned his post tions, Jung presented a comparative study of the as a lecturer in the medical individuation process in various cultures in an faculty at the University of Zürich in 1914. In the attempt to construct a psychology which would intervening period, Jung’s teaching activity had have cross-cultural validity. In considering the history principally consisted of a series of seminars at the of psychology and the status of modern psychology, Psychological Club in Zürich, which were restricted Jung included the psychological component of to a membership consisting of his own students. Western philosophy, religion, hermeticism and The lectures at the ETH were open, and the audi- Eastern thought. ence for the lectures was made up of students at the These lectures are at the centre of Jung’s intel- ETH, the general public and Jung’s followers. The lectual activity in the 1930s, and furthermore, pro- attendance at each lecture was in the hundreds. Kurt vide the basis of his work in the 1940s and 1950s. Binswanger, who attended the lectures, recalled that Thus these lectures form a critical part of Jung’s people often couldn’t find a seat, and that the auditors oeuvre, and one which has yet to be accorded the “were of all ages and of all attention and study which social classes: students, peo- it deserves. The subjects ple who hadn’t and were that Jung addressed in the not trained, but who were ETH lectures are more interested; middle-aged significant to present day people; also many older scholars, psychologists, people; many ladies who psychotherapists and the were once in analysis with general public than they Jung.”1 As a consequence were when they were first of the context, the lan- delivered. The passing guage of the lectures is far years have seen a mush- more accessible than Jung’s © Dieter Klein rooming of interest in published works at this time. Binswanger also noted Eastern thought, Western hermeticism and mystical that “Jung prepared each of those lectures extremely traditions, the rise of the psychological types indus- carefully. After the lectures a part of the audience try and the dream work movement, and the emer- always remained to ask questions, in a totally natu- gence of a discipline of the history of psychology. ral and relaxed situation. It was also pleasant that Jung never appeared at the last minute, as so many THE PROJECT other lecturers did. He, on the contrary, was already To date, the contents of these lectures have only present before the lecture, sat on one of the benches been known through a limited circulation of a in the corridor; and people could go and sit with privately published set of mimeographed notes in him. He was communicative and open.”2 English, edited by Barbara Hannah, which were These lectures are Jung’s most important series prepared contemporaneously with the lectures. of lectures and the primary source for the under- Hannah’s notes present a résumé of the content of : foundation projects : page nine

© C.G. Jung Estate, Photographic reproduction: Clone Art, Berkeley, California. Jung wrote his message to White on the reverse.

the lectures. Hannah stated that her notes “make accurately reconstructed for the first time. The no attempt at being a verbatim report or literal shorthand notes of Eduard Sidler and the original translation,” but were simply intended as an outline. notes of Riwkah Schärf were transcribed by the Whilst generally reliable, Hannah’s account leaves ETH archives. As these notes were in a form of out much of the actual content and wording of the German shorthand which is no longer in use today, lectures and is far from complete. For the semesters some secretaries were brought out of retirement to from 1933-1935, Hannah based herself on short- decipher and transcribe them. The notes of Lucie hand notes taken by Marie-Jeanne Schmid and Stutz-Meyer and Otto Karthaus are in the form of English notes taken by Elisabeth Welsh, Una Thomas a modern German typescript. There is a different and herself. Hannah’s edition does not cover the level of documentation for various semesters. In lectures between 1936 and the early half of 1938 2004, the Philemon Foundation undertook to and so are quite incomplete. For the lectures between sponsor the preparation of these lectures for publi- the second half of 1938 and 1941, Hannah based cation by Dr. Angela Graf-Nold, in collaboration her notes on the shorthand notes of Riwkah Schärf. with the heirs of C. G. Jung, the ETH archives, and In the 1990’s, several sets of previously the Institute for the History of Medicine at the unknown original shorthand notes by different University of Zürich. auditors were recovered and transcribed, together with a further set of German typescript notes. In addition, there exist some manuscript notes by Jung 1 Interview with Gene Nameche, Jung biographical archive, Countway Library which he used to prepare his lectures. Taken together, of Medicine, Boston, p. 6. these notes finally enable the original lectures to be 2 Ibid. : jung history 1:1

CONTENT OF THE LECTURES chology. In the course of his reading of these works, Angela Graf-Nold has commenced preparing the Jung developed a detailed taxonomy of the scope of first two of the thirteen semesters for publication. human consciousness, which he presented in a series The first semesters consist of Jung’s lectures on the of diagrams. He then presented a further series of history of psychology and on modern psychology. illustrative case studies of historical individuals in The first semester, from 20 October 1933 to terms of this model: Niklaus von der Flüe, Goethe, 23 February 1934, consists of sixteen lectures on Nietzsche, Freud, John D. Rockefeller and the ‘so- the history of psychology. Of the major figures in called normal man.’ twentieth century psychology, Jung was arguably These lectures thus have a twofold significance: the most historically minded. The significance he on the one hand, they present a seminal contribu- accorded to the history of the discipline of psychol- tion to the history of psychology, and hence to the ogy itself in these lectures attests to this. His current historiography of psychology. On the other account of the history of psychology commences hand, it is clear that the developments which Jung with philosophical developments in the eighteenth reconstructed teleologically culminate in his own century and presents a comparative study of move- ‘complex psychology’ (his preferred designation for ments in French, German, and British thought. He his work), and thus present his own understanding placed particular emphasis on the development of of its emergence. This account provides a critical conceptions of the unconscious in nineteenth century correction to the prevailing Freudocentric accounts German Idealism. Turning to England and France, of the development of Jung’s work, which were Jung traced the emergence of the empirical tradition already in circulation at this time. The detailed tax- and psychophysical research, and how these in turn onomy of consciousness which he presented in the became taken up in Germany and led to the emer- second part of this semester was not documented in gence of experimental psychology. He reconstructed any of his published works. In presenting it, Jung the rise of scientific psychology in France and the noted that the difficulties which he had encountered United States. He then turned to the significance with his project for a psychological typology had led him to undertake this. Thus these lectures present critical aspects of Jung’s mature thought which are unavailable elsewhere. On the basis of his recon- struction of the history of psychology, Jung then devoted of spiritualism and psychical research in the rise of the following semesters to an account of ‘complex psychology, playing particular attention to the work psychology.’ As Jung was confronted with a general of Justinus Kerner and Théodore Flournoy. Jung audience, the context of the lectures presented him devoted five lectures to a detailed study of Kerner’s with a unique opportunity to present a full and gen- work, The Seeress of Prevost (1829), and two lectures to erally accessible account of his work, as he could a detailed study of Flournoy’s From India to the Planet not presuppose prior knowledge of psychology. Thus Mars (1899).3 These works initially had a consider- these semesters present the most detailed introduc- able impact on Jung. As well as elucidating their his- tion to Jung’s ‘complex psychology.’ However, this torical significance, his consideration of them enables is by no means just an introduction to previous one to understand the role that his reading of them work, but presents a full scale reworking of his early played in his early work. Unusually, in this section, work in terms of his current understanding, and Jung eschewed a conventional history of ideas presents models of the personality which are not approach, and placed special emphasis on the role present anywhere else in his work. Thus the second of patients and subjects in the constitution of psy- semester presents Jung’s most up to date account of : foundation projects : page eleven

detailed account of how the study of associations in fami- lies enabled the psy- chology of families Jung, ca. 1940’s, photographer unknown and the functioning of complexes to be studied. This semester concluded with an overview of the topic of dreams and the detailed study of sev- eral dreams. Thus with their reconstruction and © Erbengemeinschaft C. G. Jung publication, these lec- his theory of complexes, associations experiments, tures will take their rightful place at the centre of understanding of dreams, the structure of the per- Jung’s work in the 1930s and further the compre- sonality and the nature of psychology. hension of his work and the formation of ‘modern The second semester consists of twelve lectures psychology.’ S from 20 April 1934 to 13 July 1934. Jung com- 3 Justinus Kerner, The Seeress of Prevost, being Revelations concerning the inner life of man menced with lectures on the problematic status of and the inter-diffusion of a world of spirits in the one we inhabit, tr. C. Crowe, psychology, and attempted to give an account as to Edinburgh, 1845; Théodore Flournoy, From India to the Planet Mars: A Case of Multiple Personality with Imaginary Languages, tr. D. Vermilye, ed. Sonu how the various views of psychology in its history Shamdasani, Princeton, New Jersey, Princeton University Press, 1994. which had he had presented in the first semester had Biography been generated. This led him to account for nation- Dr. Sonu Shamdasani is a historian of psychology, and a research associate at the Wellcome Centre for the History of Medicine at University College al differences in ideas and outlook, and to reflect on London. He is the author of Jung and the Making of Modern Psychology: The Dream of different characteristics and difficulties of the a Science, Jung Stripped Bare by his Biographers Even, and Cult Fictions: C. G. Jung and the Founding of Analytical Psychology, which won the Gradiva Prize of the World English, French, German languages when it came to Association for the Advancement of Psychoanalysis in 1999 for the best his- expressing psychological materials. Reflecting on the torical and biographical work. He has edited several books, including Jung’s 1932 Seminar, The Psychology of Kundalini Yoga in the Bollingen Series. significance of linguistic ambiguity led Jung to give an account of the status of the concept of the unconscious, which he illustrated with several cases. Following these general reflections, Jung presented his conception of the psychological functions and types, illustrated by practical examples of their interaction. He then gave an account of his concept of the collective unconscious. Filling a lacuna in his earlier accounts, he gave a detailed map of the differentiation and stratification of its contents, in particular, as regards cultural and racial differences. He then turned to describing methods for rendering accessible the contents of the unconscious: the asso- ciations experiment, the psycho-galvanic method, and dream analysis. In his account of these meth- ods, Jung revised his previous work in the light of his present understanding. In particular, he gave a : jung history 1:1

SWISS FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (ETH): COLLATING THE TEXT OF THE COURSE “MODERN PSYCHOLOGY”ANGELA GRAF-NOLD

n Friday, October was mainly advanced by influential American patients, 20th, 1933, from such as Edith McCormick Rockefeller, who spon- 6:00 – 7:00 sored the founding of the Psychological Club p.m., C. G. in Zürich where patients could meet and stay. After Jung gave his some initial difficulties, this institution developed first lecture into a forum for patients, followers, colleagues, and as a lecturer guests from related disciplines to present and discuss at the Swiss their own investigations and experiences in the fields Federal of psychology and psychotherapy. Institute of Without doubt, by 1933 Jung’s main concepts OTechnology were developed: typology, archetypal structures of (ETH), Zürich. The the psyche, and the process of individuation. official lecture list announced Jung’s course “Modern Obviously Jung felt the urge to put these concepts Psychology” as part of the “general division”, that is, in their specific places within the common history as a possible choice for all regular scholars at the of psychology and to popularize his findings within ETH who had to complete their curricula with some the scientific community. subjects of their choice from the general course of The first four lectures studies in the human sciences (Geistes-, Sozial- und in 1933 Jung dedicated to the Staatswissenschaften). These courses were traditionally issue of the “history of psy- open to the general public, who could register as S chology.” His drafts — large guest auditors. Jung was appointed as professor at the sheets of paper with topic ETH in 1935 and lectured there until the summer words, notes, and excerpts — of 1941. are witness to his own deep The special academic conditions of the ETH investigations in the field of as well as the date of Jung’s beginning of lecturing the history of psychology as at the end of 1933 were quite critical. Thirty well as to his preoccupation years previously he had been appointed as lecturer with the approaches conveyed (Privatdozent) of the Medical Faculty of the University by his academic colleagues, of Zürich; as lecturer in psychiatry he presented on such as Max Dessoir. hysteria and Freud’s theories for medical students and Strikingly, he drew his own specific picture of the also gave an open seminar for a general audience each field, an approach which relied on ideas that had semester. Twenty years earlier, in 1913, after his been developed, forgotten for a long time and then friendship and collaboration with Freud broke down, rediscovered (palingenesis). In addition, he followed Jung withdrew from the psychoanalytic organization the specific traditions of psychological ideas in sev- which he had basically founded and directed as eral languages, such as the lines of French, German, president and submitted his resignation from his aca- and English traditions of psychological thinking. demic appointment in order to “concentrate more The special attention that Jung paid to the on his private practice.” lectures is indicated by the fact that he ordered a The circumstances of Jung’s request to take up shorthand typescript of the lectures from his per- his academic career 20 years later in 1933 are not yet sonal secretary; at the same time, several persons fully researched. Since 1909, when he resigned from from the audience had made shorthand notes, some his position as resident doctor under Eugen Bleuler at of which were later transcribed. These engaged the Bürgholzli, the mental hospital of the University audience members obviously were not regular ETH of Zürich, he had worked on his private practice in scholars, but rather from the membership of the Küsnacht near Zürich as a psychiatrist who focused Psychological Club and the interested general public. his independent studies in the field of what Bleuler An English speaking group around Barbara termed “depth psychology.” His growing reputation Hannah and Elizabeth Welsh immediately com- : foundation projects : page thirteen

piled an English version of Jung’s lectures. Starting specific atmosphere around him. Quite different in 1938, these typescripts were circulated as an from mechanical recording, the notations of several unauthorized version, and were edited in improved persons convey Jung’s speaking in slightly different private imprints until 1968. As a translation, these versions, relating their different impressions and editions never had the ambition of adhering to a judgments so that a collage of all the texts together verbatim protocol, but rather were intended to be with Jung’s drafts transmit a vivid picture of Jung’s a comprehensive account of the contents. intention and the immediate comprehension of his For the first semester, Barbara Hannah relied lectures by the audience. on the shorthand-based typescript of Jung’s secre- For example, the text of Jung’s first lecture tary, Marie-Jeanne Schmid. In the later lectures she recorded by his secretary Marie-Jeanne Schmid relied on the shorthand notes of Riwkah Schärf, a begins with the usual statement: “Actual psychology young Jewish woman, who at that time worked as first begins with the beginning of the enlightenment, a secretary for a firm of Christian devotional arti- that is the end of the 17th century.”1 Barbara Hannah cles. Later on Ms. Schärf studied religions and put two important sentences before Schmidt’s ancient languages at the University of Zürich and text: “Psychology is a vast subject, one could say participated especially in Jung’s studies in religion. that there were as many psychologies as heads in The most constant and verbally exact notes of the world. Alchemy and astrology were early uncon- these lectures came from Eduard Sidler, a middle scious forms of psychology.”2 Eduard Sidler addi- aged mechanical engineer, who obviously played no tionally adds Jung’s introduction which covers two role in the Jungian circle and attended the lectures pages of text and includes Jung’s remarks about his as an interested guest. Another psychologically former time as lecturer at the University of Zürich interested person who took shorthand notes was the 20 years ago. “I had lectured for eight years naturally young Otto Karthaus. He later became one of the with alternating luck. Then I discovered that one first scientific vocational counselors in private prac- had to understand something before one is able to tice in German speaking Switzerland. From him we have typescripts of the later lectures. Additionally, 1 “Die eigentliche Psychologie beginnt erst mit der beginnenden Aufklärung, also Ende des 17.” Jahrhunderts. (HS 1055:6881) isolated transcriptions of single lectures have been 2 Original English (HS 1055:6882). found, for example from Lucie Stutz-Meyer, the 3 “Hatte damals 8 Jahre lang vorgetragen, natürlich mit wechselndem Glück, und dann entdeckt, dass man überhaupt etwas verstehen muss von gymnastic teacher of the Jung family. Psychologie, bevor man darüber vorlesen kann.” ( HS 1067:1/1) Altogether we have the material for the compi- lation of a version of Jung’s lectures in German which essentially surpasses Barbara Hannah’s ver- sion and gives a much more vivid and concrete pic- ture of the content of Jung’s lectures as well as the

Jung and Erwin Schrodinger at Eranos, photographer unknown, 1946 : jung history 1:1

lecture about it.”3 Then Sidler relates that Jung retired and traveled around the world, “for within our sphere of culture, the Archimedian point is miss- ing.”4 Jung is referring to his experience of the past 20 years and his attempt to lecture about the disci- pline of so-called psychology, which would be a very complicated task. Next follows this sequence as cited by Hannah: “It would be possible to write as many psychologies as there are heads.”5 Jung further explains that differ- ent psychologies would be built on special questions, for example on biological psychology, individual psychology and so forth. He admits his difficulty in addressing a special audience of the younger genera- A transcription of Jung’s lecture drafts will be tion and therefore begs them to ask questions: added to the critical edition as an appendix in order “But only in the frame of the lecture. Not about the for today’s reader to witness Jung’s interaction with future of the European economy or the prospects his academic colleagues and his efforts to integrate of National Socialism.”6 Then he goes on to a more his findings in the history of ideas and the body of general definition of his subject “Modern Psychology.” academic psychology. He chose a common title because the things he As we know, Jung’s efforts in this direction would treat would be of common nature; he would were less than a full success; until today Jung’s place not “engage in specific scientific positions but rather in academic psychology is critical. Hopefully a make a picture that stems from immediate experi- scholarly edition of the lectures will provide historical ence and thus show the development of modern background and promote a more adequate reception psychological ideas.”7 and integration of Jung’s contribution to modern Jung stated that psychology would be a modern psychology. S science. “In earlier times there was no real psycho- logy.” And now comes the sentence his secretary 4 “denn innerhalb unserer Kultursphäre fehlt uns einfach der archimedische noted, that is real psychology begins with the begin- Punkt.” (HS 1067:1/1). 5 “Die menschliche Seele ist etwas unerhört Kompliziertes, man könnte ning of the enlightenment at the end of the 17th ungefähr so viele Psychologien schreiben wie es Köpfe gibt.” (HS 1067: 1/1) 6 “Aber: Im Rahmen der Vorlesungen. Nicht etwa über die Zukunft der century. This follows the statement Hannah put in europäischen Währung oder über die Aussicht des Nationalsozialismus.” advance of it: “There was always psychology, psy- (HS 1067:1/1). 7 “Ich bin nicht gesonnen, mich auf spezifische Lehrmeinungen einzulassen, chological demonstrations. The ancient times had sondern will eher ein Gemälde bieten, das auf unmittelbarer Erfahrung astrology, partly alchemy, that was a most remark- beruht. Die Entwicklung der modernen psychologischen Ideen zeigen.” 8 (HS 1067: 1/1). able so-called ‘projected’ psychology.” And Jung 8 “Psychologie gab es natürlich immer, denn immer gab es Menschen, Köpfe, continues: “To you I now will speak about psychol- psychologische Demonstrationen. Das Altertum hatte die Astrologie, zum Teil Alchemie. Das war Psychologie des Altertums. Das ist eine merkwürdige, 9 ogy as a concise science. Until Descartes ...” In eine sogenannte ‚projezierte Psychologie” (HS 1067 1/1) 9 “Zu Ihnen will ich nun reden von Psychologie als einer bewussten Jung’s lecture drafts these statements are not written; Wissenschaft. Bei kleinen Anfängen, noch bei Decartes ...” (HS 1067:1/1). he only wrote: “in earlier times there was no psy- 10 “Früher keine Psychologie. Beginnt mit der beginnenden Aufklärung. Noch bei Decartes ...” (HS 1055: 902 I). chology, which begins with the beginning of the 11 “Moderne Psychologie ist empirisch, früher speculative oder rationale Ps.. 10 enlightenment. Until Descartes ...” Noch bei Decartes ...” (HS 1055- 901). Another page of Jung’s lecture drafts entitled 12 Berlin, Duncker, 1902. “Introduction” has a line crossed out: “modern psy- Biography Dr. Angela Graf-Nold is a psychotherapist in practice in Zürich and a chology is empirical, in earlier times it was speculative Researcher at the Institute for the History of Medicine at the University of or rational psychology.”11 He noted the book he Zürich. She works on the history of psychology, psychotherapy and psycho- analysis, especially in Switzerland. She has published on the early history of used obviously for reference: Max Dessoir, The child psychoanalysis (Der Fall Hermine HugHellmuth, Verlag Internationale Psychoanalyse, 1988), Sabina Spielrein, and other early controversies and History of Modern German Psychology (Geschichte der debates of Freud and the Freudians with pioneering academic psychologists neueren Deutschen Psychologie).12 and psychiatrists (William Stern, August Forel, Eugen Bleuler, C. G. Jung). : foundation projects : page fifteen

© Dieter Klein : jung history 1:1

A NEW JUNG BIBLIOGRAPHY JULIETTE VIELJEUX

ung, Catalogue chronologique des article for a periodical, a radio broadcast, etc. The Écrits (The Chronological fourth column indicates the French title, the trans- Catalogue of Jung’s Writings) lator’s name, the title of the book from which the was born of the necessity to find article is drawn, publication date and corresponding a correspondence between the pages. (Any further explanation can be found in the original work and its various chapter “Methodology”.) translations as simply as possible. This fundamental work is what comprised the The Gesammelte Werke were first edition of the Catalogue chronologique des écrits de used as the single reference, even Carl Gustav Jung, en allemand, anglais et français, published though certain texts had originally in 1996 by the Cahiers jungiens de psychanalyse in been written in English or French. the form of a 134-page special issue of the quarterly. J Gesammelte The decision to rely on the This bibliography immediately proved its worth Werke ensures the coherence of the Catalogue as an essential tool for researchers, translators, or and also makes it a valuable tool for researchers even readers seeking to deepen their knowledge of from all over the world. Jung’s works. However, a second printing soon Initially, the work consisted in drawing up as exhaustive a list as possible of all that Jung had written. For this task, Volume XIX of the Collected Works was a precious source of information, espe- cially because each title entry is annotated with the dates of the later versions and revisions in which Jung often engaged. The chrono- logical indications can be read as evidence of the dynamic of the creative process at Courtesy of Julliette Vieljeux work in Jung’s mind. became inevitable. The IAAP convention held in To chart the concordance between the original Barcelona in August, 2004 was the event which texts and their translations into English and French, provided the occasion for it. It was thus that a 320- a four-column table was drawn up. The first col- page book entitled Jung, Catalogue chronologique des Écrits umn contains the date of the first version, followed was published by the Cahiers jungiens de psychanalyse, by the dates of subsequent revisions (if applicable). the non-profit organization which publishes the The second column contains the German title of writings of contemporary Jungian analysts in France. the text in question, followed by its references in In addition to the bibliographies in German, the Gesammelte Werke (volume and paragraphs); the English, and French, the preceding edition of the translator’s name is noted when the original was Catalogue contained an index of all the French titles not written in German. The third column contains which had been catalogued, followed by a reference English titles; the event which led to the publication to the page number in the Catalogue. This device of the text may also be indicated, be it a lecture, an made the material much easier for the researcher to : other projects : page seventeen

identify, but it was sorely missing for the German Gesammelte Werke are now being published. The inven- and English titles. Our task was clear, and this work tory of this activity is supplemented by the list and made up the first phase of the new version. contents of additional publications in book form. It then became evident that the Italian reader Regardless of the language and the specificities was entitled to the same research tool. However, C. G. of the organization of each of the works cited, they Jung Opere does not map exactly the same territory are invariably cross-referenced to the Gesammelte Werke as the Gesammelte Werke. Moreover, it does not as well as to a specific page or pages in the Catalogue. note paragraph numbers. On the other hand, each The corpus of the Catalogue chronologique des Écrits article is preceded by an accurate list of sources. consists of the four-column table described above. Painstaking work was thus necessary, to cross-refer- This table is the single bibliographical reference ence the publication, not only to the title a given tool to which all the works cited elsewhere in the article bears in Gesammelte Werke, but also between volume correspond. The integrality of the Catalogue the page numbers of the Italian publication and the is a statement of its originality, as well as its univer- paragraphs of the German one. Of course, the Italian sality as a research tool, insofar as it also makes it publications were also indexed in the Catalogue, as possible to read the various publications synoptically. part of its purpose as a single source of bibliographical infor- mation. In parallel, I had written to various colleagues in the Jungian community with a request that they inform me of any works by Jung, regardless of their size, which had been translated into their own languages. I must thank them for their efficient cooperation, which enabled me to collect the information neces- sary to expand the Catalogue to include a certain number of other languages. Thus, works translated into Spanish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Polish, Swedish, Hebrew, Chinese, Jung and Ruth Bailey, photographer unknown and Japanese are now an integral part of the Prior to the table, the Catalogue contains a few Catalogue. Whenever possible, titles were transcribed prefaces — translated into English — commenting in the original language. The specificities relative to on the importance of Jung’s work and its resonance each publication were noted at the beginning of with various cultures. An excerpt from a letter each chapter. For example, the annotation to the Federico Fellini wrote to Georges Simenon follow- Russian translations indicates that the source text ing his visit to the Bollingen Tower is included to may have been either the one in the Collected Works, attest to the interest certain artists have taken in the one in the Gesammelte Werke, or sometimes even Jung’s work. both in a single volume. The structure of the Moreover, a bibliography for each of the lan- Portuguese edition replicates that of the Gesammelte guages cited has been drawn up as exhaustively as Werke, although it is true that certain volumes were possible. Paperback editions were not left out, as subdivided. The reader will note that Spanish and they are proof of the growing interest of the general Polish translations of certain volumes of the public in Jungian thought. Doubtless other transla- : jung history 1:1

tions exist, in other languages, but, due to the Biography Juliette Vieljeux is a member of the Société Française de Psychologie difficulty of obtaining accurate information, it was Analytique and the International Association for Analytical Psychology not possible to include mention of them. (IAAP), currently chairs the Cahiers jungians de psychanalyse, the only French jour- nal publishing research by contemporary clinicians. She has translated several Where will the Catalogue go from here? Certainly, articles in the Cahiers de l’Herne devoted to Jung. In 1996, as a special issue of the Cahiers jungians de psychanalyse, she published a first printing of her bibliography within the next several years, it will have to be Chronological Catalogue of the Writings of Carl Gustov Jung in German, English, and French, updated. A growth in the number of translations as well as several articles. She has also practiced as a psychologist on the staff and the thriving interest in Jung’s work will make of a department of child psychiatry. this essential. It is uncertain whether an updated edition will clearly be annotated with the various revisions to which Jung subjected his work. The revisions either vanish or are difficult to detect in the Gesammelte Werke and Collected Works, due to their editors’ decision to indicate only the final version. As a result, today’s reader has been deprived of a valuable heritage, along with the fascinating evidence of the author’s creative process. Fortunately, the Philemon Foundation has plans to publish each text with indications of how it evolved, annotated with the passages which were crossed out, corrected, deleted, or expanded by Jung’s hand, over the years of his lifetime. I wish to express special thanks to Sonu Shamdasani for giving me an opportunity to inform the readers of the Newsletter of the existence of this reference tool Jung, Catalogue chronologique des Écrits, © Dieter Klein now available to all the scholars engaged in restoring the work of Jung in its integrality. S

J. Vieljeux, Jung, Catalogue chronologique des Écrits, Paris, Cahiers jungiens de psychanalyse, 2004. Isbn: 2-915781-00-1. 33 Euros The book can be ordered directly to the Cahiers jungiens de psychanalyse, 6 rue Rampon, 75011 Paris, France. Tel/fax : 33 1. 43 55 56 16. E-mail: or through the website Postage and packing: France 4,50, Europ 7, Oversea 9. Modes of payment: International Money order or Bank transfer (exclusively, Checks are not accepted) Swift: SOGEFRPPIBAN: 30003 03480 00050428097 45 : other projects : page nineteen

PICTURING JUNG’S PLACES DIETER KLEIN

The birthplaces of artistic masterpieces, classics of philoso- phy and other cul- tural treasures have always exerted a fascination that inspires people to make educational pilgrimages and side trips. Once we’ve read or seen something that comes alive for us, we may well want to see the place of its origin for ourselves. However, such expectations are only too often disappointed. After all, we can go to see the © Dieter Klein façade of the house in Prague where Kafka wrote “The Metamorphosis,” but will this experience add to our understanding of the story? Will we understand the philosophies of Hegel or Schopenhauer better if we’ve seen the desks at which they were formulated? One Switzerland and make a photographic record of the of the characters in a book by Thomas Bernhard places where Jung developed analytical psychology: warns, “Stay as far as possible from the places where Jung’s residence on Seestraße in Küsnacht, the tower our cultural icons were born, resided or died.”1 in Bollingen on the north shore of Lake Zürich, On the other hand, the cultural icon Goethe the house on Gemeindestraße in Zürich where the himself advised: “If you hope to understand a poet, original C. G. Jung Institute had its headquarters go to his country.” Could it be that our understand- and where the Psychology Club is still located ing of the works that inspire us is enhanced when today, the present headquarters of the Institute in we see the places where they were conceived, Küsnacht, and many more. Of course we have because our visual sense anchors these works even depictions of these places in old black-and-white more deeply in our memories? photos. But what do they look like today? Something like this impulse must have inspired Klein, a prize-winning art photographer, was the photo expedition made by Dieter Klein and motivated to make this trip by something more Henning Weyerstraß from Cologne. Weyerstraß, a than the interests of a journalist or a tourist. For computer specialist, was fascinated by the works of quite some time now, he has been specializing in a Jung and determined to make Jung’s writings avail- particular kind of photographic still life, which able to all on CD. The project involved years of focuses on points of visual correspondence between preliminary work in order to electronically scan the certain predetermined motifs and intuitively selected collected works and correct the results, as well as found objects and places. In other words, his many trips to Zürich to secure authorization for the approach to his projects is that of an artist rather project from C. G. Jung’s community of heirs. His than a museum curator. His term for the photo- friend Dieter Klein, a photographer, got to hear a graphic subjects his selective eye discovers is “the great deal about this project over the years — and flotsam and jetsam of history.” The key to this eventually was caught up in the enthusiasm. The 1 Quoted in Rainer Moritz, Mit Proust durch Paris (Through Paris with two of them formed a plan to travel together to Proust), Frankfurt 2004, p.12. : jung history 1:1

© Dieter Klein approach is his interest in the juxtaposition of the tangible and the symbolic, the connections between texts, images and places, and the superimposition of the past and the present. That was the beginning of this treasure hunt with its uncertain outcome. Most of the buildings and interior spaces that were of interest for the project are not open to the public, and some of them are still being privately used by C. G. Jung’s heirs — so initially there was no guarantee that the present day, yet in their simple forms they and the plan would work. Keeping up their spirits with table itself point to something that is archetypal. phrases such as “We’ve got no expectations at all” The color photographs have been published in and “Anything can happen,” the two collaborators the illustrated book In Search of C. G. Jung, edited by set out for Switzerland. They ended up making Dieter Klein and Henning Weyerstraß, together three trips to Zürich between May 2003 and March with articles by present-day authors; they are also 2004 in order to talk to Jung’s relatives in different available in the form of a calendar for the year 2005 locations — always with a digital camera at the ready. (2006 in preparation). Orders can be placed for The result of their efforts is a series of photo- individual photos, a series of 12 high-quality prints, graphs of houses, interiors, books and details of the calendar or the illustrated book on the website the local landscape. One special feature of the series of the Dieter Klein-Verlag at www.cgjung.com. S is the “photos within photos” arranged by Klein, in which a color photograph of a certain space Biography Dieter Klein is a freelance photographer specializing in the areas of still life includes a black-and-white photo of the same space and portraits for journals, magazines, and the advertising media. He has over displayed on an easel. These black-and-white pic- 20 publications in professional photography magazines. In 2003 he won the First Prize in competition sponsored by the magazine “Bild der Wissenschaft” tures, which have often been taken from a similar as well as an Honorable Mention from the German Society for Photography. camera location, document how that particular place In 2004 he established the Dieter Klein Verlag publishing company. www.dieterklein.de looked 50 years ago or even further back in time. The amazing thing about some of these photographs is that at first glance hardly anything has changed; for example, Jung’s desk and his living room have been kept largely untouched and looks almost the way they did when he was still alive. Whereas the aesthetically pleasing color photograph of the site’s present condition suggests timelessness, the old photograph within the new one reminds us of the passage of time, especially if it depicts people who are no longer alive. The theme is “Jung today” — but as we look at these photographs we become aware of the historical distance between these paired views of the same motifs. The same effect can be found in the still-life snapshot of the table in the inner courtyard of the tower in Bollingen, where someone has just finished drinking a cup of tea. The sugar, the bread and the cup are objects of the : news : page twenty one

NEWS

Angela Graf-Nold has been appointed a THE INAUGURAL PHILEMON LECTURES Wissenschaftl. Mitarbeiterin [freelance collaborator] In March 2005, Sonu Shamdasani and Eugene at the the Institute and Museum for the History of Taylor began a series of annual lectures at the Medicine at the University of Zürich to work on C. G. Jung Educational Center in Houston, on the the editing of Jung’s ETH Lectures. The Institute past, present and future of Jung’s intellectual legacy. (www.mhiz.unizh.ch) has made facilities available, Sonu Shamdasani presented a talk entitled, “The and has agreed to become a collaborating institution Undiscovered Jung.” Nearly half a century after his of the Philemon Foundation. death much of Jung’s work still remains undiscov- ered, as thousands of pages of manuscripts, The following additional institutions have also agreed seminars and correspondence remain unpublished. to be collaborating institutions: This presentation described the curious circum- C.G. Jung Educational Center, Houston stances as to how this situation came about, and www.cgjunghouston.org reflected on how the publication of the rest of this vast corpus might transform contemporary under- Philadelphia Association of Jungian Analysts standings of his life and work. www.cgjungphiladelphia.org Psychologischer Club Zürich, Switzerland Eugene Taylor presented a talk entitled, “And Parts Stiftung für Jung’sche Psychologie of Jung: The Appropriation of Jung’s Ideas within www.marie-louisevonfranz.com the American Psychotherapeutic Counter-Culture.” www.jungiana.ch Abraham Maslow and Anthony Sutich, editors of The Journal of Humanistic Psychology, declared the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of launching of a new era in psychology in 1961. This Medicine at University College London new psychology would emphasize self-actualization, www.ucl.ac.uk/histmed/ interpersonal knowing, transcendence, the study Fundación Carl Gustav Jung de España of the whole being. It would draw on varied sources (Foundation Carl Gustav Jung of Spain) in Eastern and Western traditions and would www.fcgjung.com.es appropriate ‘parts of Jung.’ Since then, Jung — often represented only as an acolyte of Freud and www.cgjung.com largely ignored in mainstream academic psychology Sociedad de Psicologia Analitica — has been enthusiastically embraced by the www.sepa.org.es psychotherapeutic counter-culture. What this appropriation was all about, and its consequences The Guild of Analytical Psychology for practice and credentialing analysts in Jungian and Spirituality psychology today and in future was examined. www.gaps.co.uk C. G. Jung Institute of Los Angeles This was followed by a panel discussion with James www.junginla.org Hollis, Stephen A. Martin, Sonu Shamdasani and Eugene Taylor. The C. G. Jung Institute of New York [email protected] C. G. Jung Club of Orange County P.O. Box 1812, Orange, CA 92668 Inter-Regional Society of Jungian Analysts www.irsja.org Spring: A Journal of Archetype and Culture & Spring Journal Books This publication has been made possible by a generous gift from www.springjournalandbooks.com the Oswald Foundation. 119 coulter avenue ardmore, pennsylvania 19003 usa www.philemonfoundation.org