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The Great Lake Erie Is a Result of a Grant Received from the George Gund Foundation, Cleveland Ohio, by Drs

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The Great Lake Erie Is a Result of a Grant Received from the George Gund Foundation, Cleveland Ohio, by Drs DOCUMENT RESUME ED 361 227 SE 053 776 AUTHOR Fortner, Rosanne W., Ed.; Mayer, Victor J., Ed. TITLE The Great Like Erie: A Reference Text for Educators and Communicators. INSTITUTION Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Ohio Sea Grant Program. SPONS AGENCY George Gund Foundation, Cleveland, Ohlo. PUB DATE 93 NOTE 161p. AVAILABLE FROMOhio Sea Grant Publications, The Ohio State University, 1314 Kinnear Road, Columbus, OH 43212-1194 ($8 plus $2 postage and handling). PUB TYPE Books (010) Collected Works General (020) Guides Non-Classroom Use (055) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC07 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Business; Climate; *Ecology; *Environmental Education; *Geography; *Geology; Plants (Botany); Poisons; Resource Materials; *United States History; Water Pollution; Water Quality; *Water Resources; Weather IDENTIFIERS Coastal Management; Fishing Industry; Government Regulation; Great Lakes; *Lake Erie; Shipping Industry ABSTRACT This volume of 16 chapters by 15 contributing authors was conceived as a means of drawing together a body of basic information about the Great Lakes that is up to date, based on sound research, and interpreted by experts in the scientific, historical, environmental and political value of the Great Lakes to North America and the world. Chapters include:(1) "These are the Sweetwater Seas" (Lee Botts);(2) "The Geological Setting of the Great Lakes" (Jane L. Forsyth);(3) "Vegetation and Plant Geography of the Lake Erie Basin" (John J. Furlong);(4) "The Effect of Lake Erie on Climate" (Val L. Eichenlaub);(5) "Coastal Processes on the Great Lakes" (Charles H. Carter);(6) "Early Struggles for Peace on Lake Erie" (Gerard T. Altoff);(7) "Opening the Region to Prosperity" (Gerard T. Altoff); (8) "The History of Great Lakes Shipping" (Alexander C. Meakin); (9) "Condition of Shipping on the Great Lakes" (Jeffery A. Bryant); (10) "Lake Erie Coastal Uses" (Richard Bartz); (11) "Water Level Fluctuations on the Great Lakes" (Thomas E. Croley II);(12) "Effect of Human Activities on the Ecology of Lake Erie" (Elliot J. Tramer); (13) "History of Changes in the Lake Erie Fishery" (Andrew M. White); (14) "Recovering from Phosphorus Enrichment" (Charles E. Herdendorf); (15) "Toxics in Lake Eric" (Clayton J. Edwards); and (16) "Governing the Great Lakes Basin" (Kathleen L. Barber). Information about the authors is pl.ovided.(MDH) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** ",-11 4 le "$t * t- #-E a, It it- s S;' IT -trkw ttjt $ e "F. A.' 4 4.. .f sk i. t4,'-:1? --7 t+P:- 44 .4444 1.; I,. 4,.., .,.:: ,s..,.. t ,.... _ _......-..-- 1.- i 4 ' 2"1111.11P-1- ' V v. " 6- .71 ; "mow .1- t *O. - It.6v NM .1 d * OINSM waifIN I114.4 wg r-4'Nowa= 1 rt'-...'"IM11.441Z4T1 Bs ;/?,." AlLtSr3 t /sO . 7. IPA r . , -**- y),. -4%454- 4. -1. I. I- -% et. 116 -3 4 11111d OHIO SEA GR ANT COLLEGE PROGRAM INomeol Ohio Sea Grant College Program The Ohio State University 1314 Kinnear Road Columbus, OH 43212-1194 6141292-8949 Dr. Jeffrey M. Reutter, Director The Great Lake Erie is a result of a grant received from The George Gund Foundation, Cleveland Ohio, by Drs. Rosanne W. Furtner and Victor J. Mayer. The book was reprinted in 1993 by the Ohio Sea Grant College Program as OHSU-EP-079. Copies can be purchased for $10.00 ($8 + $2 for postage and handling) from: Ohio Sea Grant Publications The Ohio State University 1314 Kinnear Road Columbus, OH 43212-1194 614/292-8949 Payment or a purchase order number must be received in advance. Make checks payable to The Ohio State University. © The Ohio State University Research Foundation, 1987 and 1993 Columbus,OH 43210 The Ohio Sea Grant College Program is one of 29 state programs nationwide that works toincrease understanding and wise use of the nation's ocean and Great lakes resources for the publicbenefit in partnership with government, academia and industry. Sea Grant fulfills its mission through promoting educational excellence,responsive research and training and broad, prompt dissemination of knowledge and technical information. The Great Lake Erie A Tteference Text for Educators andCommunicators Edited by Rosanne W. Fortner Victor J. Mayer A volume such as this is not possible without the assistanceof numerous individuals and organizations.In addition to the sponsor, The George Gund Foundationof Cleveland, and The Ohio State University School of Natural Resourcesand College of Education, the following made significant contributions to this publication: Technical Editors: Marcia L. Seager Marjorie Pless Layout and Design: Jerri Shafer Content Reviewers: James P. Barry, The Ohioana Library Sally Cole-Misch, International Joint Commission Frank Quinn, Great Lakes Environmental ResearchLaboratory Fernando Rosa, Canada Centre for Inland Waters S. Yaksich, Dept. of the Army, U.S. Army Engineer The editors welcome comments and suggestions. Contact them through The Ohio State University, School of Natural Resources, 2021Coffey Road, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1085. Contents Preface; About the Authors i 1/ These are the Sweetwater Seas 1 Lee Botts 2/ The Geological Setting of the Great Lakes 11 Jane L. Forsyth 3/ Vegetation and Plant Geography of the LakeErie Basin 18 John J. Furlong 4/ The Effect of Lake Erie on Climate 27 Val L. Eichenlaub 5/ Coastal Processes on the Great Lakes 38 Charles H. Carter 6/ Early Struggles for Peace on Lake Erie 46 Gerard T. Altoff 7/ Opening the Region to Prosperity 56 Gerard T. Altoff 8/ The History of Great Lakes Shipping 74 Alexander C. Meakin 9/ Condition of Shipping on the Great Lakes 80 Jeffery A. Bryant 10/ Lake Erie Coastal Uses 87 Richard Bartz 11 / Water Level Fluctuations on the GreatLakes 93 Thomas E. Croley II 12/ Effect of Human Activities on the Ecologyof Lake Erie 103 Elliot J. Trainer 13/ History of Changes in the Lake Erie Fishery 116 Andrew M. White 14/ Recovering From Phosphorus Enrichment 127 Charles E. Herdendorf 15/ Toxics in Lake Erie 136 Clayton J. Edwards 16/ Governing the Great Lakes Basin 141 Kathleen L. Barber C Preface The Great Lake Erie was conceived as a meansof drawing together for a single purposeinformation from a group of experts in areas thatcharacterize the importance of the Great Lakes.Thus the scien- tists, historians, resource managers and policyanalysts represented by this group reflect thescientific, historical, environmental and political value of theGreat Lakes to North America and the world. The purpose of this volume is to present abody of basic information about the GreatLakes that is research, and interpreted by experts in thesubjects involved.Such informa- up to date, based on sound decipher and tion is frequently difficult to locate, especiallyall in one reference, and equally difficult to evaluate. Educators and media communicators as aresult may avoid Great Lakes topics. needs, has a We believe that information in hand,especially if well presented and applied to real selected not only for strong potential for use incommunication and education. The chapter authors were their subject matter expertise but for theirability to communicate to the public as well.With the vitality arid interest apparent in this work, theyhave provided a substantial informationbase about where the Great Lakes have been and what their future maybe.This volume is a beginning set of answersfor about what we hope will be a growing interest amongeducators and communicators to learn and tell more thc Great Lakes. There is a great deal more to tell than this.The story of the importance of the GreatLakes does who share in the not end at the back cover of thebook. Itis a personal story, not only for those immediate grandeur of the lakes, but for everyworld citizen who shares the freshwaterbirthright.As stewards of the world of water, we can do noless than stand in awe of the resourceportrayed here and pledge ourselves to its wise management indecades to come. Rosanne W. Fortner Victor!. Mayer About the Authors Lee Botts is an environmental consultant in Chicago. Among hercurrent projects arc analyzing how Chicago deals with the environment, working with the Chicago City Councilon Energy and the Environ- ment, consulting with the National Geographic on its 1987 Great Lakes article, and helpingwith Citizen's Review for a Great Lakes Water Agreement.In 1978 President Carter appointed heras Chairperson of thc Great Lakes Basin Commission. From 1981 to 1986 Ms. Bottswas a research assistant on Great Lakes issues for the Center for Urban Affairs and Policy Researchat Northwestern University, a position from which she is currently on leave. Jane L. Forsyth is Professor of Geology at Bowling Green State University andis a well-known lecturer on the getlogy of Ohio.In addition to her teaching, lecturing and research in geology, she served on both the Ohio Geological Survey andas Editor-in-Chicf of The Ohio Journal of Science for 10 years, has twice been vice-president for Geology in the Ohio Academy of Science, andwas selected by two Ohio governors to serve on the state's Natural Areas Council.She is active in the Ohio Chapter of The Nature Conbervancy. John J. Fur low is Curator of The Ohio State University Herbariumin the Department of Botany, where he has been since 1980. He is currently writing Volume 2 of theVascular Flora of Ohio.Before coming to Ohio State he was a Professor of Biology at Capital University,Columbus, Ohio. He has also taught high school biology.Fur low's research specialty is the evolution and systematics of the Birch Family. Val L. Eichenlaub is Professor of Geography at Western MichiganUniversity, Kalamazoo, and author of Weather and Climate in the Great Lakes.His articles on lake effect snow appear in meteorological journals, and he is currently involved in research relatedo climate change and changes in relative per- centages of sunshine and cloudiness in Michigan.Eichenl; alb editor of the forthcoming Atlas of Michi- gan Climate.
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