THE ECVAM SEARCH GUIDE DATA SHEETS Information Resources
Annett J. Roi, Barbara Grune
Journals Databases Meta-Databases Database Hosts Open Access Resources Organisations and their Services Web Search Engines
EDITED BY Annett J. Roi, Jon Richmond EUR 24391 EN - 2011
Joint Research Centre NOTE: Online resources are constantly updated and modified. Therefore, the information for all resources in the ECVAM Search Guide always includes the exact date of access. European Centre for the Validation Institute for Health and Consumer Protection of Alternative Mrethod
THE ECVAM SEARCH GUIDE DATA SHEETS Information Resources Annett J. Roi, Barbara Grune
Journals Databases Meta-Databases Database Hosts Open Access Resources Organisations and their Services Web Search Engines
EDITED BY Annett J. Roi, Jon Richmond The mission of the JRC-IHCP is to protect the interests and health of the consumer in the framework of EU legislation on chemicals, food, and consumer products by providing scientific and technical support including risk-benefit assessment and analysis of traceability.
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JRC 58617
Original Title: “The ECVAM Search Guide - GOOD SEARCH PRACTICE on Animal Alternatives”
EUR 24391 EN ISBN 978-92-79-15879-7 ISSN 1018-5593 doi:10.2788/98187
Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union © European Union, 2011 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged Printed in Belgium JOURNALS 3 introduction
• The ECVAM Search Guide lists a selection of JOURNALS SPECIALISING in the TOPIC OF THE 3Rs. They are PEER REVIEWED AND INDEXED in acknowledged bibliographic databases such as MEDLINE and BIOSIS.
• It is assumed scientists are generally familiar with or have access to key scientific journals such as Science and Nature that cover all fields of science and technology.
• Journals specialised in the topic of the 3Rs as well as in laboratory animal science should always be INCLUDED IN A SEARCH FOR INFORMATION ON ALTERNATIVE METHODS. 4 JOURNALS Data Sheets
Alternatives to Animal Testing and Alternatives to Animal Experimentation, Experimentation, AATEX ALTEX
Corporate body Japanese Society for Alternatives to Animal Corporate body Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing at Experiments, JSAAE the Johns Hopkins University Baltimore (USA), CAAT, European Society for Alternatives to Address of publisher Office of JSAAE Animal Testing, EUSAAT, transatlantic think Japanese Center for the Validation of tank of toxicology (Baltimore, Utrecht, Alternative Method (JaCVAM) National Konstanz), t4, and the Doerenkamp chairs in Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS) 1-18-1, Germany, India, The Netherlands, Switzerland Kamiyoga, Setagaya-Ku and USA Tokyo158-8501 Japan Tel: +81-3-3700-9874 Address of publisher Spektrum Akademischer Verlag Fax: +81-3-3700-1145 Springer Science+Business Media E-mail: [email protected] Slevogtstrasse 3-5 D-69115 Heidelberg - Germany Access http://www.soc.nii.ac.jp/jsaae/e_aatex.html Tel: + 49 – 6221 9126 324 Fax: + 49 – 6221 9126 370 Language English, Japanese Email: [email protected]
ISSN 1334-0411 Access http://www.altex.ch/en/index.html?id=12
Publication date 1990 Language English, German
Journal Frequency Four times per annum ISSN 0946-7785
Feature for the 3Rs AATEX compiles original research articles and Publication date 1984 reviews about novel developments, methods, techniques, validations and use of alternatives Journal Frequency Four times per annum plus supplements to animal experiments in biomedical research and toxic testing. Features for the 3Rs ALTEX is devoted to the publication of AATEX emphasizes high-quality work in support research on the development and promotion of health or safety decisions. of alternatives to animal experiments according to the 3Rs concept. ALTEX covers the biomedical aspects of animal experimentation as well as bioethics regarding the relationship between humans and animals. Authors who wish to publish in ALTEX are requested to express a basic respect for the dignity of living creatures and a recognition of animals as our partners in their articles. Submitted articles are judged according to stringent scientific standards. ALTEX ethik is a German-speaking supplement to ALTEX. ALTEX publishes original research articles, short communications, reviews as well as news and comments, meeting reports and book reviews. ALTEX is indexed in the databases EMBASE, MEDLINE, and SciSearch as well as covered by the meta-databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science.
Available from: http://www.soc.nii.ac.jp/jsaae/e_aatex.html Available from: http://www.altex.ch/en/index.html?id=12 Accessed: February 7, 2011 Accessed: February 7, 2011 JOURNALS 5 Data Sheets
Alternatives to Laboratory Animals, Animal Technology and Welfare, ATLA ATW
Corporate body Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Corporate body Institute of Animal Technology and European Medical Experiments, FRAME Federation of Animal Technologists (EFAT)
Address of publisher Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Address of publisher The Institute of Animal Technology Medical Experiments 5 South Parade Russell & Burch House Summertown Oxford OX2 7JL 96-98 North Sherwood Street United Kingdom Nottingham NG1 4EE - United Kingdom Tel: + 44 - 800 085 4380 Tel: + 44 - 115 958 4740 Email: [email protected] Fax: + 44 - 115 950 3570Email: [email protected] Access http://www.iat.org.uk/publications/atw.htm
Access http://www.frame.org.uk/page.php?pg_id=18 Language English
Language English ISSN 1742-0385
ISSN 0261-1929 Publication date 2002
Publication date 1981 Journal Frequency Three times per annum
Journal Frequency Six times per annum Features for the 3Rs ATW covers all aspects of animal science and technology, management and welfare. Features for the 3Rs ATLA is intended to cover all aspects of the The journal compiles original short articles, development, validation, assessment, and technical notes and reviews describing use of alternatives to using animals in refinements in techniques, a reduction in biomedical research and toxicity testing. the number of animals that need to be used ATLA provides original research articles, a and alternatives to animal use. news & views section, reports on recent conferences and workshops. The journal also publishes reviews of noteworthy research, legislative or regulatory requirements or animal usage statistics. In addition, ATLA contains original reports on the workshops held by ECVAM, the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods. ATLA is indexed in the databases EMBASE, MEDLINE, and SciSearch as well as covered by the meta-databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science.
Available from: http://www.frame.org.uk/page.php?pg_id=18 Available from: http://www.iat.org.uk/publications/atw.htm Accessed: February 7, 2011 Accessed: February 7, 2011 6 JOURNALS Data Sheets
Animal Welfare Journal ILAR Journal
Corporate body Universities Federation for Animal Welfare, Corporate body Institute for Laboratory Animal Research UFAW Address of publisher Institute for Laboratory Animal Research Address of publisher Universities Federation for Animal Welfare The National Academies The Old School, Brewhouse Hill, 500 Fifth Street, NW Hertfordshire AL4 8AN - United Kingdom Washington, DC 20001 Tel: + 44 - 1582 831818 USA Fax: + 44 - 1582 831414 Tel: + 1 - 202 334 2590 Email: [email protected] Fax: + 1 - 202 334 1687 Email: [email protected] Access http://www.ufaw.org.uk/animal.php Access http://dels.nas.edu/ilar_n/ilarjournal/ Language English journal.shtml
ISSN 0962-7286 Language English
Publication date 1992 ISSN 0018-9960, 1084-2020
Journal Frequency Four times per annum Publication date 1995 ILAR Journal; 1970-1994 ILAR News
Features for the 3Rs The Animal Welfare Journal publishes the Journal Frequency Four times per annum results of scientific research and technical studies concerning “the welfare of animals Features for the 3Rs ILAR and the ILAR journal want to tie up kept on farms, in zoos, in laboratories, as high-quality science and humane care and companions or living in the wild”. use of research animals based upon the 3Rs There are also reports and comments on current principle and high ethical standards. legislation and other issues concerning animal The ILAR journal chiefly provides reviews welfare and a book reviews section. on issues related to the scientific, The implications of a study regarding animal technological, and ethical use of animals, welfare have to be discussed by authors as a and related biological resources in research, particular subdivision of the discussion or testing, and education. conclusion. The ILAR journal is indexed in the databases Animal Welfare Journal is indexed in the data- AGRICOLA, EMBASE, and MEDLINE as well as bases CAB Abstracts, EMBASE, SciSearch, covered by meta-databases PubMed, Scopus and Zoological Record, as well as covered by and Web of Science. the meta-databases PubMed and Scopus.
Available from: http://www.ufaw.org.uk/animal.php Available from: http://dels.nas.edu/ilar_n/ilarjournal/journal.shtml Accessed: February 7, 2011 Accessed: February 7, 2011 JOURNALS 7 Data Sheets
Journal of Animal Science, Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, JAS JAAWS
Corporate body American Society of Animal Science, ASAS Corporate body Animals and Society Institute, ASI and the American Society for the Prevention Address of publisher American Society of Animal Science of Cruelty to Animals, ASPCA 2441 Village Green Place, Champaign, IL 61822 - USA Address of publisher Routledge Taylor & Francis Group Ltd Tel: + 1 - 217 356 3182 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Fax: + 1 - 217 398 4119 Oxford, OX14 4RN - United Kingdom Email: [email protected] Tel: + 44 - 20 7017 6000 http://www.asas.org/ Fax: + 44 - 20 7017 6699 http://www.routledge.com Access http://jas.fass.org/ Access http://www.animalsandsociety.org/config/ Language English vanity_url_controller.php?vanity_url=jaaws/
ISSN 0021-8812 Language English
Publication date 1910 ISSN 1532-7604 (electronic) 1088-8705 (paper)
Journal Frequency Monthly Publication date 1998
Features for the 3Rs The mission of the American Society of Journal Frequency Four times per annum Animal Science (ASAS) is to discover, disseminate and apply knowledge for Features for the 3Rs The Journal of Applied Animal Welfare sustainable use of animals for food and Science covers welfare issues arising in other human needs. laboratory, farm, companion animal, and Articles published in JAS cover a broad range wildlife/zoo settings. Besides reports on of research topics in animal production and scientific experiments regarding applied fundamental aspects of genetics, nutrition, animal welfare science, JAAWS also publishes physiology, and preparation and utilization feature articles, conceptual or theoretical of animal products. The journal focuses on analysis, literature reviews, and conference research with beef cattle, companion reports. animals, goats, horses, pigs, and sheep. The authors are encouraged to discuss the Nevertheless, studies involve other farm animal welfare implications of findings, animals, aquatic and wildlife species, and including ethical issues raised by the laboratory animal species that address implementation of the study and their fundamental questions related to livestock resolution. The articles are accompanied by and companion animal biology. invited commentaries that critically discuss The JAS is indexed in the databases the contribution - particularly with regard to AGRICOLA, BIOSIS Previews, Cab Abstracts, its implications for animal welfare. and MEDLINE as well as covered by the The Journal of Applied Animal Welfare meta-databases PubMed, Scopus Science is indexed in the databases BIOSIS and Web of Science. Previews, CAB Abstracts, MEDLINE, and SciSearch as well as covered by the meta-databases Scopus and Web of Science.
Available from: http://www.animalsandsociety.org/config/ Available from: http://jas.fass.org/ vanity_url_controller.php?vanity_url=jaaws/ Accessed: February 7, 2011 Accessed: February 7, 2011 8 JOURNALS Data Sheets
Lab animal Laboratory Animals
Corporate body —- Corporate body Laboratory Animals Ltd.
Address of publisher Nature Publishing Group (NPG) Address of publisher Royal Society of Medicine Press Ltd, The Macmillan Building 1 Wimpole Street, 4 Crinan Street, London W1G OAE, United Kingdom London N1 9XW Tel: + 44 - 20 7290 2921 United Kingdom Fax: + 44 - 20 7290 2929 Tel: + 44 - 20 7833 4000 Email: [email protected] Fax: + 44 - 20 7843 4640 Email: [email protected] Access http://la.rsmjournals.com/
Access http://www.labanimal.com/laban/index.html Language English
Language English ISSN 0023-6772
ISSN 0093-7355 Publication date 1967
Publication date 1982 Journal Frequency Four times per annum
Journal Frequency Monthly Features for the 3Rs Laboratory Animals publishes peer-reviewed original papers and reviews on all aspects of Features for the 3Rs Lab Animal intends to bring its readers the the use of animals in biomedical research. most current and relevant information about Laboratory Animals emphasizes research that humane and efficient care of animals. reduces the number of animals used or Lab Animal is a forum for the publication of replaces animal models with in vitro articles on all aspects of laboratory animal alternatives, leading to improvements in the science, including animal care and well-being of the animals. husbandry; disease diagnosis and treatment; Laboratory Animals is indexed in the databases facility planning, design, and management; CAB Abstracts, EMBASE, and MEDLINE as well staff training and education; and updates as covered by the meta-databases PubMed, and information on regulations.” The journal Scopus, and Web of Science. compiles original research and technical articles, reviews and product applications. The journal is indexed in the databases AGRICOLA and MEDLINE as well as covered by the meta-databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science.
Available from:http://www.labanimal.com/laban/index.html Available from: http://la.rsmjournals.com/ Accessed: February 7, 2011 Accessed: February 7, 2011 JOURNALS 9 Data Sheets
Toxicology in Vitro
Corporate body European Society of Toxicology in Vitro, ESTIV
Address of publisher Elsevier B.V. Customer Service Department P.O. Box 211 1000 AE Amsterdam - The Netherlands Tel: + 31 - 20 485 3757 Fax: + 31 - 20 485 3432 Email: [email protected]
Access http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journal description.cws_home/800/description? navopenmenu=1
Language English
ISSN 0887-2333
Publication date 1987
Journal Frequency Eight times per annum
Features for the 3Rs Toxicology in Vitro is a resource for original research papers and reviews about in vitro methods for assessing or predicting the toxic effects of substances, e.g. in the areas of food components cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and industrial chemicals. Techniques include cell and tissue models, subcellular fractions and also in silico modelling. Main focus is on investigations that involve the development and validation of new methods. Toxicology in Vitro is indexed in the databases BIOSIS Previews, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and ScienceDirect as well as covered by the meta-databases PubMed and Scopus.
Available from:http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journal descrip- tion.cws_home/800/description? navopenmenu=1 Accessed: February 7, 2011
DATABASES 11 Data Sheets
• This Section initially provides information on KEY BIBLIOGRAPHIC AND ADDED-VALUE DATABASES in life sciences relevant to the TOPIC OF THE 3Rs.
• Databases are classified according to their content into bibliographic databases and added-value databases.
• BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATABASES contain literature references on articles in professional journals, conference reports, research reports, books, newspaper articles and dissertations, etc. In general, bibliographic information on the title, author, publication year, and the abstract are recorded. A distinctive feature of bibliographic literature databases (e.g. MEDLINE or BIOSIS) is that their records are indexed using terms from a controlled vocabu- lary, the thesaurus.
• ADDED-VALUE DATABASES (e.g. DB-ALM of ECVAM, AnimALT-ZEBET, and NORINA) provide by experts written, concise summaries of original documents based on systematic and com- prehensive literature reviews. A controlled terminology is used for data retrieval procedures. Added-value databases contain ready-to-use information. 12 DATABASES Data Sheets
AGRICultural OnLine Access, International Information System for the AGRICOLA Agricultural Sciences and Technology, AGRIS
Producer National Agricultural Library, NAL Producer Food and Agricultural Organization of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, USDA United Nation, FAO
Address Food and Agricultural Organization of the Address National Agricultural Library, NAL United Nation, FAO FAO Headquarters U.S. Department of Agriculture, USDA Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 10301 Baltimore Avenue Beltsville, 00153 Rome - Italy MD 20705 - USA Tel: + 39 - 06 570 51 Tel: + 1 - 301 504 5755 Fax: + 39 - 06 570 53152 Fax: + 1 - 301 504 6110 Email: [email protected] http://www.fao.org/ http://www.nal.usda.gov/services/ask.php Access http://agris.fao.org Access http://agricola.nal.usda.gov AGRICOLA is hosted by Dialog DataStar Type Bibliographic database and STN. Language English Type Bibliographic database Fees Free of charge Language English Updates Monthly Fees Free of charge Subject Coverage Agriculture, veterinary medicine, animal Updates Monthly welfare, forestry, fisheries, environment, nutrition, food science Subject Coverage Agriculture, biotechnology, food and nutrition, microbiology, veterinary medicine, Conent File Size environmental sciences 1975 to the present nearly 3 Million records
Content File Size Sources 1970 to the present more than 4,5 million Journal articles, books, book chapters, records reports, conference proceedings, academic papers Sources Journal articles, conference proceedings, Features for the 3Rs AGRIS is a cooperative international books, book chapters, monographs, theses, information system in which, currently, 240 patents, computer files, maps, audiovisual national, international and intergovernmental materials, technical reports centres participate. AGRIS provides access to a large collection of world literature Features for the 3Rs AGRICOLA indexes publications that address covering all aspects of agricultural alternatives to animal experiments and other sciences and technology, including “gray areas of animal welfare, e.g. farm animals. literature” which is not available through The database covers several 3Rs relevant normal publication and distribution channels. journals, e.g. ILAR Journal, Journal of Animal AGROVOC, the multilingual agricultural Science, and Lab Animal. thesaurus of AGRIS contains the 3Rs The NAL Agricultural Thesaurus (NALT) relevant term “animal testing alternatives”. includes 3Rs relevant terms: animal welfare, However, the term is listed without animal use alternatives, animal use higher-ranking term relation. reduction, animal use refinement, and The terms animal welfare, laboratory animal use replacement, see section Search experimentation, laboratory animals, and Terms and their Use. experimentation are listed in AGROVOC as The NALT (http://agclass.nal.usda.gov/agt/ related terms for non-hierarchical agt.shtml) is used as a supplement to the relationships to Animal Testing Alternatives. CAB Abstracts thesaurus, which is the original AGRICOLA indexing system.
Available from: http://agricola.nal.usda.gov/help/aboutagricola.html Available from: http://agris.fao.org Accessed: February 7, 2011 Accessed: February 7, 2011 DATABASES 13 Data Sheets
Bibliography on Alternatives to the Use of Live AnimAlt-ZEBET Database on Alternatives to Vertebrates in Biomedical Research and Animal Experiments Testing, ALTBIB
Producer Specialized Information Services (SIS) of the Producer Centre for Documentation and Evaluation of National Library of Medicine, NLM Alternatives to Animal Experiments (ZEBET) of the Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Address Specialized Information Services BfR National Library of Medicine Two Democracy Plaza, Suite 510 Address Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, BfR 6707 Democracy Boulevard, MSC 5467 Centre for Documentation and Evaluation of Bethesda, MD 20892-5467 Alternatives to Animal Experiments, ZEBET USA Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10 Tel: + 1 - 301 496 1131 10589 Berlin – Germany Fax: + 1 - 301 480 3537 Tel: + 49 - 30 8412 2271 Email: [email protected] Fax: + 49 - 30 8412 2958 http://sis.nlm.nih.gov Email: [email protected] http://www.bfr.bund.de Access http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/altbib.html Access http://www.bfr.bund.de/cd/1508 Type Bibliographic database AnimAlt-ZEBET is hosted by DIMDI.
Language English Type Added-value database
Fees Free of charge Language English
Updates Updated up to 2000 Fees Free of charge
Subject Coverage Alternatives to animal testing in biomedical Updates Continuously research and toxicology testing Subject Coverage Alternatives to animal testing in biomedicine Content File Size and related fields 1980 to 2000 more than 8,000 records Content File Size Sources 2000 to the present 142 records Journal articles, books, book chapters, Sources technical reports Journal articles, books, book chapters, conference proceedings, directions, theses, Features for the 3Rs ALTBIB (up to 2000) can be searched with guidelines, laws, pharmacopoea, regulations, user-specific search terms or for one of 15 recommendations, reports, standards pre-selected topics. Since 2001, the ALTBIB search interface has Features for the 3Rs AnimAlt-ZEBET provides reports on suitable offered the “ALTBIB Search Strategy Filter” alternative methods. The reports contain a to assist with searches conducted in PubMed. scientifically evaluation of the alternative This strategy filter is tailored to retrieve methods by ZEBET’s experts with regard to their contribution to the 3Rs principle. Only alternatives including the latest citations. those methods are documented which fulfil Search queries can by limited to yield only at least one of the 3Rs. Moreover, the state of documents that are assigned to the MeSH development and the scientific or regulatory term “animal use alternatives”. acceptance of the respective alternative method is assessed and documented. Each AnimAlt-ZEBET document is characterized by specific index terms which correspond to those of MeSH,(see section General Considerations). Thus, each document is indexed using the terms “animal welfare”, “animal experiments”, and “animal testing alternative“, and “replacement”, “reduction“, or “refinement“ according to the assessment of the method.
Available from: http://www.bfr.bund.de/cd/1508 Available from: http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/altbib.html Accessed: February 7, 2011 Accessed: February 7, 2011 14 DATABASES Data Sheets
BIOSIS Previews® CAB Abstracts
Producer Thomson Reuters Producer CAB Abstracts
Address Thomson Reuters Address CAB International Wallingford Oxon OX10 8DE 77 Hatton Garden, London EC1N 8JS United Kingdom United Kingdom Tel: + 44 - 1491 83 21 11 Tel: + 44 - 20 7433 4000 Fax: + 44 - 1491 82 60 90 Fax: + 44 - 20 7433 4001 Email: [email protected] http://www.cabi.org http://science.thomsonreuters.com Access CAB Direct (CABI’s own platform) Access http://thomsonreuters.com/products_servi http://www.cabi.org/datapage.asp?iDocID=165 ces/science/science_products/az/biosis_pre CAB Abstracts is hosted by Dialog DataStar, views/ DIMDI, Ovid, STN and Thomson Web of BIOSIS Previews® is hosted by Dialog Knowledge. DataStar, DIMDI, Thomson Web of Knowledge, Ovid, and STN. Type Bibliographic database
Type Bibliographic database Language English
Language English Fees Fee-based
Fees Fee-based Updates Monthly
Updates Weekly Subject Coverage Agriculture, veterinary medicine, environmental sciences, medicine, food and nutrition, leisure Subject Coverage Biology, biochemistry, biotechnology, botany, and tourism, microbiology and parasitology, medicine, pharmacology, toxicology, plant sciences, forestry science, biotechnology environmental sciences, zoology, agriculture, Content File Size veterinary science 1973 to present more than 6,3 Million records Sources Content File Size Journal articles, serials, books, books 1926 to the present more than 20,7 million chapters, conference proceedings and records papers, dissertations, reports, patents, specially commissioned reviews, distribution Sources maps, and expert descriptions Journal articles, serials, proceedings of meetings, conferences, and symposia; Features for the 3Rs Main branches of CAB Abstracts cover agriculture and veterinary medicine reports, books, book chapters, U.S. patents, including animal welfare and laboratory reviews animal science. CAB Abstracts provides access to the latest research in these fields. Features for the 3Rs BIOSIS Previews® offers information from CAB Abstracts is indexing using the CAB many different life science disciplines. Thesaurus (see section General The database provides comprehensive access Considerations). In 1990, the term “Animal to literature in pre-clinical and experimental Testing Alternatives” was added. The term is research, methods, and animal studies. listed under the term “Experimental Design”. It allows scientists expansive retrospective In addition, the records of CAB Abstracts are literature. classified using a scheme of codes (CABICODE) that enables scientists to locate BIOSIS Previews® covers several 3Rs rele- general subject categories for their searches. vant journals, e.g. Animal Welfare Journal, The category “LL040 Laboratory Animal Alternativen zu Tierexperimenten (ALTEX), Science” includes alternatives to the use of Alternatives to Laboratory Animals (ATLA), animals in laboratory testing and experimen- ILAR Journal, Laboratory Animals, Journal of tation. CAB Abstracts covers 3Rs relevant Animal Science, Journal of Applied Animal journals, e.g. Journal of Animal Science, Welfare Science, and Toxicology in vitro. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, and Laboratory Animals.
Available from: http://thomsonreuters.com/products_services/science/science_products/a- z/biosis_previews/ Available from: http://www.cabi.org/datapage.asp?iDocID=165 Accessed: February 18, 2011 Accessed: February 7, 2011 DATABASES 15 Data Sheets
ECVAM DataBase service on ALternative Excerpta Medica Database, EMBASE Methods to animal experimentation, DB-ALM
Producer European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Producer Elsevier B. V. Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, ECVAM Address Elsevier B. V. Elsevier e-Product Team P.O. Box 211 1000 AE Amsterdam Address European Commission, Joint Research Centre, The Netherlands EC-JRC Institute for Health and Consumer Tel: + 31 - 20 485 3767 Protection, IHCP; ECVAM; Fax: + 31 - 20 485 3432 Via E.Fermi, 2749 – TP 580 Email: [email protected] I – 21027 Ispra (VA) http://www.elsevier.com Tel: + 39 - 0332 78 5570 Fax: + 39 - 0332 78 5845 Access http://www.info.embase.com/ Email: [email protected] EMBASE is hosted by Dialog DataStar, DIMDI, http://ec.europa.eu.dgs/jrc Ovid, and STN. Access http://ecvam-dbalm.jrc.ec.europa.eu Type Bibliographic database Type Added-value database Language English Language English Fees Fee based Fees Free of charge Updates Continuously Updates Weekly Subject Coverage Alternative methods to animal experiments Subject Coverage Biomedicine, drug research, pharmacology, with focus on in vitro techniques for pharmaceutics, pharmacy, toxicology, toxicology assessments medicine, basic biological research, health policy and management, occupational and Content File Size 1999 to the present 149 method environmental health, biomedical engineering summaries, 129 method protocols (INVITTOX and instrumentation Protocols), 8451 test results, 62 evaluation and formal validation study summary records, Content File Size 213 contact details on persons & institutions 1947 to the present more than 24,2 Million and 5208 bibliographic references records Sources Journal articles, individual contacts with scientists using the methods, congress Sources proceedings, internet sites of International Journal articles organisations, ECVAM study contracts, ECVAM workshop and task force reports. Features for the 3Rs EMBASE provides users with a broad range Features for the 3Rs The DB-ALM database provides ready-to-use of biomedicinal information with a strong information on alternative methods presented coverage of drug and pharmaceutical as evaluated data-sheets. Method-summaries research.The database indexes only thoroughly describe alternative and advanced biomedical articles of peer-reviewed journals. mainly in vitro test methods of chemical com- EMBASE covers 3Rs relevant journals like the pounds including information on their status of Animal Welfare Journal, Alternativen zu development, validation and/or regulatory Tierexperimenten (ALTEX), Alternatives to acceptance based on extensive literature reviews. Laboratory Animals (ATLA), ILAR Journal, INVITTOX protocols provide detailed Laboratory Animals, and Toxicology in vitro. instructions on how to perform the methods in In 2002, the 3Rs relevant terms “animal the laboratory. testing alternatives”, “animal testing Summary-records of evaluation and formal reduction”, “animal testing refinement”, and validation studies on alternative methods are “animal testing replacement” were added to also provided, with study performance EMTREE, Elseviers`s Life Science thesaurus according to internationally recognised (see section General Considerations). principles indicated. DB-ALM search options Searching EMBASE can be combined with provide user-guided search facilities on all EMBASE Classic in one search. EMBASE data sectors as well as a free text search Classic indexes more than 1,8 Million option. It is also possible to search for bibliographic records from between 1947 bibliographic citations that were selected for and 1973. the definition of the data sheets, and for ECVAM workshop and task force reports.
Available from: http://ecvam-dbalm.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ Accessed: February 7, 2011 Available from: http://www.info.embase.com/ Accessed: February 7, 2011 16 DATABASES Data Sheets
HSVMA’s Alternatives in Education Database Database on Refinement of Housing and Handling Conditions and Environmental Enrichment for Animals kept in Laboratories – Laboratory Animal Refinement Database, LAD
Producer Humane Society Veterinary Medical Producer Animal Welfare Institute, AWI Association, HSVMA Address Animal Welfare Institute, AWI Address Humane Society Veterinary Medical 900 Pennsylvania Ave., SE Association, HSVMA Washington, DC 20003 - USA 2100 L Street, NW Tel: +1 – 202 337 2332 Washington, DC 20037 - USA Email: [email protected] Tel: 202-452-1100 http://www.awionline.org Fax: 301-258-3078 Email: [email protected] Access http://labanimals.awionline.org/Search http://www.hsvma.org ResultsSite/refine.aspx
Access http://alted.hsvma.org/ Type Bibliographic database
Type Added-value database Language English
Language English Fees Free of charge
Fees Free of charge Updates Last update January 2010
Updates Continously Subject Coverage Laboratory animal science, animal welfare
Subject Coverage Alternatives to the harming or killing of Content File Size animals for educational reasons Up to the present more than thousand records Content File Size 1990 to the present several thousand records Sources Journal articles, abstracts, book chapters, Sources books Film, projection slides, audio cassettes, DVD, cadaver, CD-ROM, computer programs, Features for the 3Rs LAD provides information on environmental models enrichment and refinement of housing and handling condition of rodents, rabbits, cats, Features for the 3Rs The HSVMA’s Alternatives in Education dogs, ferrets, farm animals, horses, birds, Database provides information on fishes, amphibians and reptiles. alternatives to animal use for many levels of LAD records are grouped with the help of a education. specific keyword index for the topic of The search options allow to search for an refinement of animal experiments, e.g. alternative by species, medium, discipline, ethical issues, cage size, or aggression educational level or any combination of reduction. Most records are evaluated by these categories. Each record includes a scientists to guarantee relevance to the topic. description and some information about the Records of LAD are combined with records of source of the product, i.e. manufacturer, the Primate Enrichment Database (PED) supplier, or distributor. in the database named “Refinement and Enrichment for All Animals kept in Laboratories”, see http://labanimals.awion line.org/SearchResultsSite/enrich.aspx
Available from: Available from: http://alted.hsvma.org/ http://labanimals.awionline.org/SearchResultsSite/refine.aspx Accessed: February 7, 2011 Accessed: February 7, 2011 DATABASES 17 Data Sheets
Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval A Norwegian Inventory of Audiovisuals, NORINA System Online, MEDLINE
Producer National Library of Medicine, NLM of the Producer Norwegian School of Veterinary Science National Institute of Health, NIH Laboratory Animal Unit, Senior Consultant Karina Smith Address National Library of Medicine, NLM 8600 Rockville Pike Address Norwegian School of Veterinary Science Bethesda, MD 20894 - USA Laboratory Animal Unit Tel: +1 - 301 594 5983 P.O. Box 8146 Dep. Fax: +1 - 301 402 1384 N-0033 Oslo - Norway Email: [email protected] Tel: + 47 - 22 96 45 74/75 http://www.nlm.nih.gov Fax: + 47 - 22 96 45 35 E-mail: [email protected] Access http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/, the http://oslovet.veths.no MEDLINE® Retrieval on the World Wide Web MEDLINE is hosted by Dialog DataStar, DIMDI, Access http://oslovet.veths.no/fag.aspx?fag=57 and STN. &mnu=databases_1
Type Bibliographic database Type Added-value database
Language English Language English
Fees Free of charge Fees Free of charge
Updates Daily Updates Weekly
Subject Coverage Biomedicine, psychology, environmental Subject Coverage Alternatives or supplements to the use of and public health, molecular biology, animals in teaching and training in and complementary medicine, bioethics, biomedicine pharmacology, veterinary medicine Content File Size Content File Size 1991 to the present 3,800 records 1946 to the present more than 20 Million Sources records Video films, computer programs, computer simulations, books, three-dimensional Sources models, chart, diagrams, web pages, slide Journal articles series
Features for the 3Rs MEDLINE records are indexed with Medical Features for the 3Rs NORINA contains information on products Subject Headings (MeSH®), the U.S. National that may be used as alternatives or Library of Medicine’s controlled vocabulary. supplements to the use of animals in From 1985 till 2000 the 3Rs relevant term teaching and training, including dissection “animal testing alternatives” was used to alternatives, at all levels from junior school to University. index publication according to the 3Rs. Since NORINA records are organised into more than 2000 the term “animal use alternatives” 30 different types of alternatives in the is used by the NLM, see section Search Terms database, e.g. three-dimensional models and their Use. In addition, the MeSH or interactive CD-ROMs. Additionally, each includes the term ”animal welfare”. product has been assigned to one or more Selection of journals indexed by MEDLINE is of over 30 subject categories, such as based on the evaluation and recommendation pharmacology or surgery. The records include of an NIH-chartered advisory committee of links to the product suppliers‘ websites and external experts. MEDLINE covers 3Rs - if available - email addresses of the product creators. relevant journals, e.g. Alternativen zu The information in NORINA is complemented Tierexperimenten (ALTEX), Alternatives to by the TextBase database. TextBase contains Laboratory Animals (ATLA), ILAR Journal, information on more than 1,000 textbooks Journal of Animal Science, Journal of Applied within the field of laboratory animal science. Animal Welfare Science, Lab Animal, Laboratory Animals, and Toxicology in vitro.
Available from: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed http://oslovet.veths.no/fag.aspx?fag=57&mnu=data-bases_1 Accessed: February 7, 2011 Accessed: February 7, 2011 18 DATABASES Data Sheets
Environmental Enrichment for Primates - ScienceDirect Primate Enrichment Database, PED
Producer Animal Welfare Institute, AWI Producer Elsevier B.V.
Address Animal Welfare Institute, AWI Address Elsevier B.V. Radarweg 29 900 Pennsylvania Ave., SE Amsterdam 1043 NX Washington, DC 20003 The Netherlands USA Tel: +31 20 485 3911 Tel: +1 – 202 337 2332 Fax: +31 20 485 2457 Email: [email protected] http://info.sciencedirect.com/contact/ http://www.awionline.org Access http://www.sciencedirect.com/ Access http://labanimals.awionline.org/Search ResultsSite/enrich.aspx Type Bibliographic database
Type Bibliographic database Language English
Language English Fees Fee-based
Fees Free of charge Updates Daily
Updates Last update January 2010 Subject Coverage Physical sciences and engineering, life science including agricultural, biochemistry, Subject Coverage Laboratory animal science, animal welfare biology, medicine, pharmacology, toxicology, pharmaceutical science, health science, Content File Size social science and humanities Up to the present several hundreds of records Content File Size Sources 1823 to the present more than 9,5 Million Journal articles, abstracts, book chapters, records books, published photographs, slide sets, videotapes, web sites Sources Journal articles, book and books chapters Features for the 3Rs PED provides information on environmental enrichment and refinement of housing and Features for the 3Rs ScienceDirect allows broad-based, handling condition of nonhuman primates. comprehensive, and multidisciplinary PED records are grouped with the help of a searches. ScienceDirect database covers specific keyword index for the topic of high-impact factor journals such as THE refinement, e.g. ethical issues, abnormal LANCET and Cell. behavior, anesthesia and sedation. Most Elsevier “Articles in Press” are available records are evaluated by scientists to online shortly after accepted for publication, guarantee relevance to the topic. before appearance in print. ScienceDirect Records of PED are combined with records of provides full text search capabilities; its web the Laboratory Animal Refinement environment presents information based on Database, LAD, in the database named semantic technologies. “Refinement and Enrichment for All Animals ScienceDirect provides access to 3Rs kept in Laboratories”, see relevant journals, e.g. Toxicology in vitro and http://labani- 3Rs relevant books including e-books, e.g. mals.awionline.org/SearchResultsSite/laball. Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory aspx Animals (Second Edition), Edited by: Richard E. Fish, Marilyn J. Brown, Peggy J. Danneman and Alicia Z. Karas, 2008, Elsevier Inc. ScienceDirect is part of Elsevier’s SciVerse (http://www.SciVerse.com), a platform that integrates ScienceDirect, Scopus, SciTopics and targeted Web content.
Available from: http://labanimals.awionline.org/SearchResultsSite/enrich.aspx Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/ Accessed: February 7, 2011 Accessed: February 7, 2011 DATABASES 19 Data Sheets
SciSearch®
Producer Thomson Reuters
Address Thomson Reuters 77 Hatton Garden London EC1N 8JS - United Kingdom Tel: + 44 - 20 7433 4000 Fax: + 44 - 20 7433 4001 http://science.thomsonreuters.com/
Access http://thomsonreuters.com/products_servi ces/science/science_products/a-z/science_ citation_index?parentKey=555184 SciSearch® is available through Web of Science®. SciSearch® is hosted by Dialog DataStar, DIMDI, and STN
Type Bibliographic database
Language English
Fees Fee-based
Updates Weekly
Subject Coverage Applied science and technology, biomedicine, physical science, agriculture, biology, medicine, environmental sciences
Content File Size 1974 to the present more than 31 Million records
Sources Journal articles
Features for the 3Rs SciSearch® allows broad-based, comprehensive, and multidisciplinary searches including searching of cited references. SciSearch® contains all records of Science Citation Index ExpanedTM. Selection of journals is based on evaluation of publishing standards, editorial content, and citation data. SciSearch® covers 3Rs relevant journals, e.g. Animal Welfare Journal, Alternativen zu Tierexperimenten (ALTEX), Alternatives to Laboratory Animals (ATLA), and Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science.
Available from: http://thomsonreuters.com/products_services/science/science_products/a- z/science_citation_index?parentKey=555184 Accessed: February 7, 2011
META-DATABASES 21 Data Sheets
• This Section describes key META-DATABASES in life sciences that COVER 3Rs RELEVANT DATABASES AND JOURNALS.
• Meta-databases COMBINE DIFFERENT COLLECTIONS OF INFORMATION, e.g. bibliographic databases, patent databases, and web pages, on one search platform.
• Due to their heterogeneity records of meta-databases may not be indexed with terms of a single controlled vocabulary or thesaurus. Usually the index terms used in the original databases are preserved. 22 META-DATABASES Data Sheets
PubMed®: MEDLINE® Retrieval on the World Scopus Wide Web
Producer Elsevier B. V. Producer National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), at the U.S. National Library of Address Elsevier B. V. Medicine (NLM), located at the National E-Customer Service Department Institutes of Health (NIH) Radarweg 29 1043 NX Amsterdam - The Netherlands Address National Center for Biotechnology Information Tel: + 31 - 20 485 3767 National Library of Medicine Fax: + 31 - 20 485 3739 Building 38A Email: [email protected] Bethesda, MD 20894 - USA Tel: + 1 - 301 496 2475 Access http://www.info.sciverse.com/scopus Email: [email protected] Type Meta-Database Access http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed Language English, French Type Meta-Database Fees Fee-based Language English Updates Daily Fees Free of charge Subject Coverage Life sciences, biomedicine, physical sciences, social sciences Updates Daily Content File Size Subject Coverage Life sciences, biomedicine, physical sciences up to the present more than 41 million records, 359 million scientific web pages, Content File Size 24 million patents, multiple selected web up to the present more than 20 million sources records Sources Sources Peer-reviewed journals, open access journals, MEDLINE citations, OLDMEDLINE citations, conference proceedings, book series, patents, life science journals that submit full text to scientific web pages, selected web sources, the free digital archive PubMedCentral, e.g. digital archives physics journals, in-progress citations before it is indexed and added to MEDLINE, citations Features for the 3Rs Searching in Scopus includes scientific, to author manuscripts of articles published medical, technical and social science by NIH-funded researchers. However, MeSH literature. Scopus is characterized by a indexing is not available for all the PubMed broad global journal coverage including non-English titles as long as English Sources. abstracts are provided. Scopus has a 100% overlap with MEDLINE and EMBASE source Features for the 3Rs PubMed search engine, the ‘Entrez’ retrieval titles, and a 65% overlap with BIOSIS source system allows simultaneously searching in titles. citations from MEDLINE and additional life 3Rs relevant journals are searched on sciences journals, e.g. in progress citation Scopus search platform, e.g. ALTEX, ATLA, and open access journals. Animal Welfare Journal, In vitro Toxicology: Searching PubMed includes journals relevant Journal of Molecular and Cellular Toxicology. to the topic of the 3Rs, e.g. ALTEX, ATLA, Journal of Animal Science, Journal of Applied Animal Welfare, ILAR Journal, Laboratory Animal Welfare Science, Lab Animal, Laboratory Animals, and Toxicology in vitro. Animal Resources, Journal of animal science, Scirus, the Web search engine is integrated Journal of applied animal welfare science, into the Scopus interface. It offers access to Lab Animal, Laboratory animals, and pre-print servers, patents and institutional Toxicology in vitro. archives. Scopus is part of Elsevier’s PubMed provides additional services, e.g. SciVerse (http://www.SciVerse.com), a plat- access to other molecular biology databases, form that integrates ScienceDirect, Scopus, clinical queries, searching with the MeSH SciTopics and targeted Web content. Database and special queries search filters.
Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed Available from: http://www.info.sciverse.com/scopus Accessed: February 7, 2011 Accessed: February 7, 2011 META-DATABASES 23 Data Sheets
Web of Science
Producer Thomson Reuters
Address Thomson Reuters 77 Hatton Garden, London EC1N 8JS - United Kingdom Tel: + 44 - 20 7433 4000 Fax: + 44 - 20 7433 4001
Access http://thomsonreuters.com/products_services/science/science_products/a- z/web_of_science/ Web of Science® is available on ISI Web of KnowledgeSM. http://isiwebofknowledge.com
Type Meta-Database
Language English Fees Fee-based
Updates Weekly
Subject Coverage Life sciences, biomedicine, physical sciences, social sciences, arts, and humanities
Content File Size up to the present more than 40 million records
Sources Web of Science® provides access to six data- bases: Science Citation Index Expanded™ (1900-present), Social Sciences Citation Index® (1956-present), Arts & Humanities Citation Index® (1975-present), Conference Proceedings Citation Index™ (1990-present), Index Chemicus® (1993-present), Current Chemical Reactions® (1986-present), and archives from the National Industrial Property Institute (1840 to 1985).
Features for the 3Rs Web of Science® offers access to current and retrospective multidisciplinary informa- tion from high impact research journals with worldwide coverage. Through the service Century of Science users can access multidisciplinary scientific content back to 1900. The two chemistry databases allow locating chemical compounds and reactions. Web of Science® searching covers 3Rs relevant journals, e.g. ALTEX, ATLA, ILAR Journal, and Journal of Animal Science. Web of Science® is available on ISI Web of KnowledgeSM, the fee-based search platform of Thomson Reuters. ISI Web of Knowledge integrates several databases, e.g. Web of Science, Current Content Connect, BIOSIS Previews, CAB Abstracts®, MEDLINE®, and Journal Citation Reports®.
Available from: http://thomsonreuters.com/products_services/science/science_products/a- z/web_of_science/ Accessed: February 18, 2011
DATABASE HOSTS 25 Data Sheets
• This Section provides information on key database hosts in life sciences that cover 3Rs relevant databases.
• Database Hosts provide access to a multitude of databases from different providers.
• "Hosted by" means the place where databases are offered including services, e.g. multi-database searching, search tutorial for new information searchers, and alert services.
• Database Hosts have offered their services for scientists since the early 1970’s. They pre-date the distribution of information via the World Wide Web - which only started in 1993. 26 DATABASE HOSTS Data Sheets
DataStar German Institute of Medical Documentation and Information, DIMDI
Producer DataStar is a product of Dialog®, a ProQuest Producer German Institute of Medical Documentation company and Information, DIMDI
Address Corporate Headquarters Address German Institute of Medical Documentation 2250 Perimeter Park Drive and Information, Suite 300 DIMDI Waisenhausgasse 36-38a Morrisville, North Carolina 27560 50676 Cologne USA Germany Tel: +1 919 804 6400 Tel: + 49 - 221 4724 1 Fax: +1 919 804 6410 Fax: + 49 - 221 4724 444
Access http://www.datastarweb.com/ Access http://www.dimdi.de/static/en/index.html
Type Database Host Type Database Host
Language English Language German, English
Fees Fee-based service, which varies by the Fees Free of charge and fee-based service, which database being searched, plus search and vary by the database being searched, plus retrieval costs search and retrieval costs
Subject Coverage Biomedicine, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, Subject Coverage Medicine, pharmacology, toxicology, chemicals, social science, government biotechnology, genetic engineering, medical and regulations, energy and environment, devices, veterinary medicine, health technology, news and media, business technology assessment and finance Content Access to over 60 databases includes free of Content Access to over 350 databases including free charge and fee based databases. of charge and fee based databases. Features for the 3Rs DIMDI provides comprehensive access to Features for the 3Rs DataStar provides a multidisciplinary cove- information on medicine and related fields. rage of business, technical and DIMDI implements especially information biomedical information. systems concerning health legislation. Information sources searched by DataStar Information sources searched by DIMDI include 3Rs relevant include 3Rs relevant databases, e.g. bibliographic databases, e.g. BIOSIS AnimAlt-ZEBET, BIOSIS Previews, CAB Previews, CAB ABSTRACTS, EMBASE, Abstracts, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and SciSearch. MEDLINE, and Science Citation Index Expanded.
Available from: http://www.datastarweb.com/ Available from: http://www.dimdi.de/static/en/index.html Accessed: February 18, 2011 Accessed: February 7, 2011 DATABASE HOSTS 27 Data Sheets
Ovid Technologies The Scientific & Technical Information Network, STN International
Producer Wolters Kluwer Producer The Scientific & Technical Information Network, STN International Address Ovid Technologies Inc. Global Headquarter Address STN International Europe 333 Seventh Avenue Help Desk 20th Floor Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 New York, NY 10001 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen USA Germany Tel: +1 - 646 674 6300 Tel: +49 7247 808 555 Fax: +1 - 646 674 6301 Fax: +49 7247 808 259 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected]
Access http://www.ovid.com/site/index.jsp Access http://www.stn-international.com/
Type Database Host Type Database Host
Language English Language English
Fees Fee-based service, which varies by the Fees Fee-based service, which varies by the database being searched, plus search and database being searched, plus search and retrieval costs retrieval costs
Subject Coverage Agriculture, biochemistry, biophysics, Subject Coverage Chemistry, physics, materials science, biology, behavioural chemistry, biomedicine, mathematics, informatics, geosciences, pharmacology, toxicology, veterinary medicine, medicine, nutrition science, biotechnology, zoology, technology, arts and literature agriculture, toxicology, and pharmacology
Content Access to over 130 databases including free Content Access to over 200 databases including free of charge and fee based databases of charge and fee based databases.
Features for the 3Rs Ovid provides a multidisciplinary coverage Features for the 3Rs STN International provides a multidisciplinary of natural sciences, biomedical research, coverage of natural sciences, medicine, technical information, arts and literature. applied sciences, and patent information. Information sources searched by Ovid The STN AnaVist interface offers a tool to Technologies include 3Rs relevant analyze search results from scientific bibliographic databases, e.g. Agricola, literature and patents. AGRIS, BIOSIS Previews, CAB Abstracts, Information sources searched by STN EMBASE, and MEDLINE. International include 3Rs relevant bibliographic databases, e.g. AGRICOLA, BIOSIS, Previews, CAB Abstracts, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and SciSearch.
Available from: http://www.ovid.com/site/index.jsp Available from: http://www.stn-international.com/ Accessed: February 7, 2011 Accessed: February 7, 2011
OPEN ACCESS 29 Data Sheets
• This Section provides details of key OA RESOURCES that provide ACCESS TO PUBLICATIONS RELEVANT TO THE TOPIC OF THE 3Rs.
• According to the “Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities” (2003) signed by leading academic organisations OA offers scientific information web-wide WITHOUT ANY FINANCIAL BARRIERS. (67) OA FOCUSES SPECIFICALLY ON PEER-REVIEWED RESEARCH LITERATURE.
• The COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION recognises the strategic importance of current OA initiatives for Europe’s scientific development. (68) The European Research Council (ERC) requires that all peer-reviewed publications from ERC-funded research projects are made available through OA within 6 month after publication date. (69)
• The U.S. NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH'S (NIH) PUBLIC ACCESS POLICY stipulates that full texts of the articles arising from NIH funds must be submitted to PubMed Central no later than 12 months after publication in a journal. (70) 30 OPEN ACCESS Data Sheets
BioMed Central Directory of Open Access Journals, DOAJ
Producer BioMed Central Ltd. (part of Springer Producer Lund University Libraries, Head Office Science+Business Media) Address of Producer Lund University Libraries Address BioMed Central Ltd Tornavägen 9B Floor 6 SE-22100 Lund 236 Gray’s Inn Road Sweden London WC1X 8HL Tel: + 46 - 222 00 00 UK Tel: + 44 - 20 3192 2009 Access http://www.doaj.org Fax: + 44 - 20 3192 2010 Email: [email protected] Language English
Access http://www.biomedcentral.com/ Subject Coverage Agriculture, veterinary medicine, forestry, nutrition and food sciences, zoology, Subject Coverage Biochemistry, bioinformatics, biology, biology, genetics, microbiology, physiology, biotechnology, chemistry, ecology, education, biochemistry, biotechnology, chemistry, health ethics, genetics, immunology, medicine, sciences, medicine, immunology, pharmacy, microbiology, molecular biology, nutrition, public health information science public health, pharmacology, physiology, veterinary medicine, zoology Content 2003 to present over 6,185 journals and more than 511,046 articles respectively Content 2000 to the present 212 open access journals Features for the 3Rs DOAJ was launched in 2003 and is operated Features for the 3Rs BioMed Central has been launched in 2000 by Lund University Libraries (Sweden). as an online publishing house providing free DOAJ is a repository that covers free, full access to peer-reviewed original research text, quality controlled scientific and articles. scholarly journals. It aims to cover All BioMed Central journals are indexed by all scientific and scholarly subjects, and PubMed, Scopus, PubMed Central, Google, all languages. Google Scholar, and Scirus. BioMed Central journals are partially indexed by Web of Science and BIOSIS. BioMed Central also operates online research services, e.g. links to subject area websites, independent publishing platforms, a catalogue of Databases on the Web, and the Biology Image Library.
Available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/ Available from: http://www.doaj.org Accessed: February 22, 2011 Accessed: February 22, 2011 OPEN ACCESS 31 Data Sheets
HighWire Press® PubMed Central, PMC
Producer Stanford University Libraries Producer National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), at the U.S. National Library of Address of Producer HighWire/Stanford University Medicine (NLM), located at the National 1454 Page Mill Road Institutes of Health (NIH) Palo Alto, CA 94304-1124 USA Address National Center for Biotechnology Information Fax: + 1 - 650 725 9335 National Library of Medicine Building 38A Access http://highwire.stanford.edu/ Bethesda, MD 20894 USA Language English Tel: + 1 - 301 496 2475 Email: [email protected] Subject Coverage Biology, agriculture, biochemistry, biophysics, ecology, genetics, immunology, Access http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/ microbiology, pharmacology, physiology, toxicology, veterinary science, humanities, Subject Coverage Biology, biochemistry, bioinformatics, medicine, physical sciences (chemistry, biotechnology, chemistry, ecology, education, computer science, mathematics, physics), epidemiology, ethics, genetics, immunology, social sciences medicine, public health, microbiology, molecular biology, nutrition, pharmacology, Content 1995 to present 1,429 journals, reference physiology, veterinary medicine, zoology works, books, and proceedings Content 2000 to present over 1,844 journals and more ® Features for the 3Rs HighWire Press is a division of the than one million articles respectively Stanford University Libraries. It was launched in 1995. Features for the 3Rs PMC is a free digital archive of biomedical HighWire Press is a repository of free and life sciences full-text journal articles of full-text life science articles. It hosts high the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH). impact, peer-reviewed journals and full text PMC was launched in 2000. It is operated by articles. HighWire Press offers open access NIH’s National Center for Biotechnology literature in mainly English language. Information (NCBI). The portfolio includes e.g. Journal of Animal PMC archives, for example, all articles Science (all articles 12 months after published through BioMed Central. publication), and Laboratory Animals (all In addition, PMC archives peer-reviewed articles 36 months after publication). manuscripts of scientists who received HighWire Press offers searching in its funding from the NIH. PMC currently offers repository separately as well as a open access literature mainly in English cross-database search including PubMed. language. Most of the archived articles in PMC have a corresponding entry in PubMed, and PubMed includes links to full text articles of PMC. Nevertheless, since PMC includes materials outside the scope of PubMed, it is recommended by PMC to search PubMed and PMC separately. PMC and PubMed are searched in parallel using the search engine Entrez that is operated by NCBI.
Available from: http://highwire.stanford.edu/ Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/ Accessed: February 22, 2011 Accessed: February 22, 2011
ORGANISATIONS 33 Data Sheets
• This Section provides information on 3Rs ORGANISATIONS that provide website material of special interest to scientists, animal welfare officers, authorities and the public.
• Types of information available include RESEARCH GRANT PROGRAMS, E-LEARNING RESOURCES, SPECIAL ARCHIVES AND DATABASES, EVENTS CALENDARS, AND COMMUNICATION PLATFORMS.
• A large number of organisations devoted to the 3Rs principle provide informative websites to the public. Their websites constitute an INTEGRATED PART OF INFORMATION RESOURCES, which have to be considered to meet the information requirements of animal welfare regulations. 34 ORGANISATIONS Data Sheets
3R Research Foundation Switzerland Akademie für Tierschutz
Address 3R Research Foundation Switzerland Address Deutscher Tierschutzbund - Akademie für P.O. Box 1372 Tierschutz CH-3110 Münsingen German Animal Welfare Federation - Animal Switzerland Welfare Academy Tel: + 41 - 31 722 08 30 Spechtstr. 1 Fax: + 41 - 31 721 70 80 D-85579 Neubiberg Email: [email protected] Germany Tel: + 49 - 89 600 291 0 Access http://www.forschung3r.ch/ Fax: + 49 - 89 600 291 15
Type Joint organization (governmental Access http://www.tierschutzakademie.de organization, non-governmental organization, academia and industry) Type Non-governmental organization
Year of Foundation 1987 Year of Foundation 1986
Language English, French, German Language German
Features for the 3Rs Research Funding Features for the 3Rs Research & Validation The 3R Foundation supports projects aimed One of major working areas of the Animal at developing new methods or refining Welfare Academy is the abolition of animal accepted methods according to the 3Rs. experiments. The Animal Welfare Academy Call for grant applications, instructions for initiates research projects in cooperation with applicants, principal areas for financial universities and scientific institutions support, guidelines for awarding research focused on the development of animal-free grants, and application forms are published methods. on the 3R Foundation’s website. Documentation & Information Education The Animal Welfare Academy publishes The 3R Foundation offers on its website the scientific articles, position papers, leaflets, “3R Training Course - Further Training in statements, and reports in German and Animal Experimentation” in German and English language providing the scientific English language (http://3R-training.tierver basics for political lobbying. Publications such.ch). The course is certified as cover several aspects of animal welfare continuing education in Switzerland addressed including animal experiments, alternative to specialists in animal experimentation. methods, documentation of information, animal experiments for cosmetics, primate Newsletter experimentation, animal welfare legislation, The 3R Info Bulletins informs in English housing of laboratory animals, ethics, and about research projects funded by the 3R EU Chemicals Policy. Foundation. Free access to most of the publications is provided on the website. Scientific articles that are published in journals are compiled as references.
Available from: http://www.forschung3r.ch/ Available from: http://www.tierschutzakademie.de Accessed: February 22, 2011 Accessed: February 22, 2011 ORGANISATIONS 35 Data Sheets
AltTox.org Alternatives to Animal Testing Web Site, Altweb
Address The Johns Hopkins Center for Alternatives to Address AltTox.org Animal Testing Webmaster Johns Hopkins University The Humane Society of the United States Bloomberg School of Public Health (HSUS) 615 N. Wolfe Street, W7032 2100 L Street, NW Baltimore, MD 21218 Washington, DC 20037 USA USA Tel: +1 - 410 614 4990 Email: [email protected] Fax: +1 - 410 614 2871 Email: [email protected] Access http://www.alttox.org/ Access http://altweb.jhsph.edu Type Joint organization (non-governmental organization, and industry) Type Academia
Year of Foundation 2007 Year of Foundation 1997
Language English Language English, Spanish
Features for the 3Rs Documentation & Information Features for the 3Rs Documentation & Information AltTox.org is a website operated by the Altweb serves as a gateway to alternatives Humane Society of the United States in news, information, and resources on the cooperation with the Procter & Gamble Internet. Altweb’s Research Resources for Company. researchers and technicians cover specific AltTox.org services are focused on online topics such as animal health and welfare, discussion and information exchange on monoclonal antibodies, refinement, and tran- potential replacements to toxicity testing in sgenics. animals. In addition, Altweb provides access to special The Toxicity Testing Resource Center (TTRC) databases such as the Analgesia/Anesthesia provides information on in vivo and in vitro Database, the Altweb Humane Endpoints approaches in toxicity testing, stakeholder Database, and the Altweb Pain Management programs and policies, validation and Database. regulatory acceptance of testing methods, The Search for Alternatives site assists and relevant information resources. researchers step-by-step with their literature Content of TTRC is cross-linked to relevant searches, and introduces relevant databases. AltTox Forums 3Rs publications are grouped into journals, Experts are invited to write Way Forward books, reports, articles & newsletters, and articles on how best to accelerate progress proceedings. in developing, validating, and achieving Altweb’s Education Resources site for regulatory acceptance of non-animal students and teachers compiles information methods. on and links to organizations, databases, and courses. Communication The AltTox Forums provides interactive Newsletter communication platforms that are moderated Altweb News informs about global by an expert in the field. The AltTox Forums developments in the fields of alternatives. are grouped into the categories Toxicity Endpoints & Test, Emerging Technologies, Programs & Policies, and Overarching Challenges & Opportunities.
Available from: http://www.alttox.org/ Accessed: February 22, 2011 Available from: http://altweb.jhsph.edu Accessed: February 22, 2011 36 ORGANISATIONS Data Sheets
Animal Welfare Information Center, AWIC The Johns Hopkins Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, CAAT
Address The Animal Welfare Information Center Address The Johns Hopkins Center for Alternatives to U.S. Department of Agriculture, USDA Animal Testing Bloomberg School of Public National Agricultural Library, NAL HealthDepartment of Environmental Health 10301 Baltimore Avenue, Room 410 Sciences Beltsville, MD 20705 615 N Wolfe Street, W7032 USA Baltimore, MD 21205 Tel: + 1 - 301 504 6212 USA Fax: + 1 - 301 504 7125 Tel: +1 - 410 614 4990 Email: [email protected] Fax: +1 - 410 614 2871 Email: [email protected] Access http://awic.nal.usda.gov Access http://caat.jhsph.edu Type Governmental organization Type Academia Year of Foundation 1986 Year of Foundation 1981 Language English Language English Features for the 3Rs Education AWIC conducts workshops at the NAL Features for the 3Rs Research Funding and outside facilities for scientists and CAAT’s Research Grants Program supports information providers on how to meet the research in the development of in vitro and information requirements of the Animal other alternative techniques according to the 3Rs. Individual and program projects Welfare Act of the United States. are tendered. A call for proposals, and the reproposal form are published on CAAT’s Documentation & Information website. AWIC provides comprehensive information on research animals, government and Education professional resources, alternative CAAT’s free online course "Enhancing methods, literature searching and Humane Science/Improving Animal databases, pain and distress, humane Research" addresses topics in the practice endpoints and euthanasia, publications, of humane animal experimentation such as experimental design, humane endpoints, meetings, and organizations. environment enrichment, and pain manage- The AWIC services include literature ment. Specific programs and courses at the searching assistance. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health are announced; e.g. the CAAT Newsletter Scholars Program Translational Toxicology The AWIC–Bulletin informs about the Research and Training is offered for post- newest AWIC publications, upcoming doctoral scientists. conferences, legislative developments, and new information technology. It includes Documentation & Information The CAAT website sections “Publications” articles from animal welfare experts. and “Media Center” offer free access to technical reports, proceedings from CAAT workshops and symposia, resources for mid- dle school students and their teachers (CAA- TALYST Online), and a variety of printed publications for the general public. CAAT manages the website AltWeb. CAAT-Europe is an affiliate of CAAT.
Newsletter The CAAT Newsletter informs about alternatives, information resources, grant programs, and international news items.
Available from: http://awic.nal.usda.gov Available from: http://caat.jhsph.edu Accessed: February 22, 2011 Accessed: February 22, 2011 ORGANISATIONS 37 Data Sheets
Centre for Advanced Research & Development European Coalition to End Animal Experiments, on Alternative Methods, CARDAM ECEAE
Address VITO-BIO Address European Coalition to End Animal Industriezone Vlasmeer 7B Experiments, ECEAE 2400 Mol 16a Crane Grove Belgium London, N7 8NN Tel. + 32 14 33 51 07 United Kingdom Fax + 32 14 33 58 26 57 Tel: + 44 - 20 7619 6965 Fax: + 44 - 20 7700 0252 Access http://www.cardam.eu/CARDAM Email: [email protected]
Type Non-governmental organization Access http://www.eceae.org
Year of Foundation 2008 Type Non-governmental organization
Language English Year of Foundation 1990
Features for the 3Rs Research & Validation Language English CARDAM is a Centre of Excellence offering expertise in research and development of Features for the 3Rs Documentation & Information new alternative methods, validation of alter- ECEAE comprises animal protection societies native method, in vitro contract research from all over Europe. ECEAE’s lobbying and and testing services, and consulting and campaigning activities are focused on the EU education on alternative approaches. CAR- chemical policy REACH, cosmetics testing, DAM focuses its activities on reduction and animal experiments, the use of primates, replacement of animal testing in the area of genetic engineering, and alternatives to genotoxicity, ecotoxicology, eye irritation, animal testing. mucosal tolerance, skin sensitization, skin Free access to ECEAE reports, fact-sheets, irritation, respiratory toxicity, neurotoxicity, and relevant EU documents is offered on the and teratogenicity testing. The CARDAM web- website. site section "Services & activities” provides information on research projects, validation Newsletter projects, contract testing services, and con- Testing Times updates on animal testing sulting and education on alternative issues in the European Union. methods.
Education The CARDAM website section "Consulting & Education” announces courses and training sessions on in vitro techniques, cellular systems, micro-array techniques, and test development.
Available from: http://www.cardam.eu/CARDAM Accessed: February 22, 2011 Available from: http://www.eceae.org Accessed: February 22, 2011 38 ORGANISATIONS Data Sheets
European Consensus-Platform for Alternatives, ECVAM-European Union Reference Laboratory ecopa for Alternatives to Animal Testing of the European Commission’s (EC) Joint Research Centre (JRC) Address European Consensus-Platform for Alternatives, ecopa Address EC-Joint Research Centre (JRC), Institute for Av. Paul Deschanel 36-38 Health and Consumer Protection, B-1030 Brussels ECVAM, Via E.Fermi, 2749 – TP 580 Belgium I-21027 Ispra (VA) Email: [email protected] Tel: +39 - 0332 78 6256 Fax: +39 – 0332 78 6297 Access http://www.ecopa.eu/ Email:[email protected] Type Joint organization Access http://ihcp.jrc.ec.europa.eu/our_activities/ (governmental organization, non-governmental alt-animal-testing; organization, academia and industry) http://tsar.jrc.ec.europa.eu; Year of Foundation 2002 (http://ecvam.jrc.ec.europa.eu);
Language English Type Governmental organization
Features for the 3Rs Documentation & Information Year of Foundation 1991 (established in 1993) ecopa has been set up as a pan-european Language English (website content) platform which links the different national platforms and stimulates the exchange of Features for the 3Rs Research & Validation scientific information, expertise and experien- ECVAM’s main objective is to promote the ce between animal welfare, industry, acade- development and use of alternative mia and governmental institutions. ecopa methods including the areas of basic and initiates annual workshops and applied research and regulatory testing. conferences. ecopa’s website provides free ECVAM initiates and coordinates test online access to the workshop proceedings, development, prevalidation and validation projects at the European Union level. reports and articles, links to national mem- ECVAM validates such tests for specific bership platforms, legislations, and coming purposes addressing the toxicity, efficacy or events. potency of substances; including chemicals, biologicals (e.g. vaccines, antibodies) and Newsletter biomaterials.ECVAM provides general guide- ecopa messenger informs online about the lines for submitting a test method proposal latest ecopa news and activities. to ECVAM, for the purpose of evaluating it’s readiness to enter the ECVAM (pre)validation and/or validation process and a system for tracking progress of a test method submitted to ECVAM for validation towards its regulato- ry acceptance (TSAR).
Documentation & Information The ECVAM DataBase Service on Alternative Methods (DB-ALM) provides comprehensive evaluated information on alternative methods and validation studies. ECVAM Workshops and special symposia are organized to review the current status of alternative tests, their potential use, and to identify the best way forward. The reports are published in peer-reviewed journals. All documents including opinions of the ECVAM Scientific Advisory Committee (ESAC) are also made accessible on the ECVAM website.
Newsletter ECVAM News & Views informs about meetings and workshops, and ECVAM’s key publications.
Available from: http://ihcp.jrc.ec.europa.eu/our_activities/alt-animal-testing Available from: http://www.ecopa.eu/ (http://ecvam.jrc.ec.europa.eu) Accessed: February 22, 2011 Accessed: February 22, 2011 ORGANISATIONS 39 Data Sheets
European Partnership for Alternative European Society of Toxicology in Vitro, ESTIV Approaches to Animal Testing, EPAA
Address Email: [email protected] Address European Society of Toxicology in Vitro, ESTIV Dr. Alison Gray Access http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/epaa/ ESTIV Secretary index_en.htm Thor Personal Care SAS 147 Rue Irène Joliot-Curie Type Joint organization (governmental organiza- BP 90875 - La croix Saint Ouen tion, industry) F-60208 Compiègne cedex France Year of Foundation 2005 Email: [email protected] [email protected] Language English http://www.estiv.org/ Features for the 3Rs Documentation & Information Access The EPAA is a joint initiative from the Type Non-governmental organization European Commission, European trade associations, and industry. Year of Foundation 1993 EPAA’s main areas of activity cover: Language English • Mapping and dissemination of information about in house methods and Features for the 3Rs Documentation & Information research programmes ESTIV is dedicated to promote in vitro toxico- logy. ESTIV encourages exchange of informa- • Support to development of new tion on in vitro toxicology and on alternati- alternative approaches and testing ves to animal experimentation in all coun- strategies tries of Europe. Proceedings of ESTIV con- gresses (International Congresses on In Vitro • Removing barriers to validation and Toxicology), are published in Toxicology in regulatory acceptance of 3Rs Vitro, the official journal of ESTIV. Proceedings of ESTIV meetings, e.g. INVITOX • Dialogue with regulators on 3Rs & testing workshops, are published in Toxicology in requirements EPAA organises annual Vitro, the official journal of ESTIV. conferences and workshops. All EPAA documents, e.g. the action Newsletter programme, minutes of meetings, ESTIV Newsletter informs ESTIV members workshop reports, proceedings of annual about current activities, research projects, conferences, and progress reports are news and meetings at European level in the made accessible online on the EPAA field of the 3Rs. The electronic version is website. provided on the “members-only”-section of In 2007, EPAA opened a database of its website. alternative tests carried out by the industry which also includes current EU, national and Communication ongoing research projects on alternative The ESTIV website offers a forum to discuss approaches. Access to the database is various aspects of in vitro toxicology. provided on the EPAA website Registration is requested to enter a http://www.epaawg1.com/; registration is discussion. requested.
Newsletter EPAA News informs about EPAA activities and achievements, meetings and workshops, new documents and publications.
Available from: http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/epaa/index_en.htm Available from: http://www.estiv.org/ Accessed: February 22, 2011 Accessed: February 22, 2011 40 ORGANISATIONS Data Sheets
European Resource Centre for Alternatives in Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Higher Education, EURCA Medical Experiments, FRAME
Address European Resource Centre for Alternatives in Address Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Higher Education Medical Experiments Jan van der Valk, PhD Russell & Burch House Project director 96-98 North Sherwood Street Department of Animals, Science and Society Nottingham NG1 4EE - United Kingdom NCA Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Tel: + 44 - 115 958 4740 Utrecht University Fax: + 44 - 115 950 3570 PO Box 80166 Email: [email protected]. 3508 TD Utrecht The Netherlands Access http://www.frame.org.uk Tel: + 31 - 30 253 2163 / 2186 Fax: + 31 - 30 253 9227 Type Non-governmental organization Email: [email protected]; [email protected] Year of Foundation 1969
Access http://www.eurca.org/index.asp Language English
Type Academia Features for the 3Rs Research & Validation FRAME is dedicated to the scientific Year of Foundfation 2001 development, acceptance and the use of alternative methods in medical research Language English and toxicity testing according to the 3Rs. FRAME initiates literature-based scientific Features for the 3Rs Education studies to investigate why animals are used Eurca aims to promote the use of in research and to determine how the 3Rs alternatives to using animals in higher can be implemented. FRAME Alternative education. eurca is operated by the Laboratory (FAL) conducts research into Netherlands Centre Alternatives to animal alternatives at the University of Nottingham use (NCA) in collaboration with the University Medical School. FAL research programme of Edinburgh. is focused on validation, toxicology, and modelling human disease. Documentation & Information The eurca website contains a database that Documentation & Information offers peer-reviewed information on FRAME’s series of statements, reports, and specialist alternatives for use in higher E-learning resources are accessible on the education in particular computer programs website. In addition, FRAME’s comprehensive within physiology and pharmacology. Information Resources section covers Documents of the eurca database are linked regulations, regulatory organisations, a to the NORINA database. The Animals in guide how to search for information, Education section of the eurca website websites, and literature relevant to the 3Rs. provides links to articles or presentations FRAME edits the Alternatives to Laboratory concerning the use of animals in higher Animals Journal (ATLA). ALTLA is an (tertiary) education. international, peer-reviewed scientific The eurca network of "academic eurca journal, in which articles on the latest advocates intends to disseminate research relating to the development, information on alternatives in higher validation, introduction and use of alternatives education European-wide, and to to laboratory animals are published. create a community of knowledgeable 'activists'. Newsletter The site was updated until 2005. FRAME News provides information about research at FRAME, and up to date information that affects animal experimentation.
Available from: http://www.eurca.org/index.asp Available from: http://www.frame.org.uk Accessed: February 22, 2011 Accessed: February 22, 2011 ORGANISATIONS 41 Data Sheets
Dr Hadwen Trust, DHT The Humane Society of the United States, HSUS
Address Dr Hadwen Trust Address The Humane Society of the United States Suite 8 Headquarters Portmill House 2100 L Street, NW Portmill Lane Washington, DC 20037 Hitchin USA Hertfordshire Tel: + 1 - 202 452 1100 SG5 1DJ Fax: + 1 - 202 778 6132 United Kingdom Tel: + 44 - 1462 436819 Access http://www.humanesociety.org Fax: + 44 - 1462 436844 E-mail: [email protected] Type Non-governmental organization
Access http://www.drhadwentrust.org Year of Foundation 1954
Type Non-governmental organization Language English
Year of Foundation 1970 Features for the 3Rs Documentation & Information The HSUS is devoted to reduce suffering Language English and to create meaningful social change for all animals. The HSUS website informs on its Features for the 3Rs Research Funding campaigns and programs as well as federal The Dr Hadwen Trust funds and promotes the and state legislation. The web site section development of techniques and procedures "Animals in Laboratories” (see to replace the use of living animals in http://www.humanesociety.org/issues/all_iss biomedical research, testing and teaching. ues.html) provides online access to state- Instructions for applicants and guidelines for ments, reports, articles, and videos on cur- awarding research grants are published on rent topics such as animals in laboratories, Dr Hadwen Trust’s website. biomedical research, chimpanzees used in research, cloning, cosmetic and product Documentation & Information testing, dissection, medical training using All Dr Hadwen Trust statements and animals, pain and distress in research ani- publications are provided online in the mals, pets used in experiments. sections "Science & education" and The HSUS supports the AltTox website "Research & funding". There you will find (http://www.alttox.org) that offers an online publications on new research approaches, discussion platform on potential research highlights and alternatives in edu- replacements to toxicity testing in animals. cation. The Humane Society International is an affi- liate of the HSUS. Newsletter The Dr Hadwen Trust Science e-bulletins Newsletter informs about new, highly advanced The HSUS publishes All Animals, a bi-monthly non-animal techniques. membership magazine, and Animal Sheltering, a bi-monthly magazine for ani- mal sheltering professionals.
Available from: http://www.humanesociety.org Available from: http://www.drhadwentrust.org/ Accessed: February 23, 2011 Accessed: February 22, 2011 42 ORGANISATIONS Data Sheets
Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Institute for In Vitro Sciences, Inc. , IIVS Validation of Alternative Methods, ICCVAM The NTP Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods, NICEATM Address Institute for In Vitro Sciences, Inc. Address NICEATM 30 West Watkins Mill Road, Suite 100 National Institute of Environmental Health Gaithersburg, MD 20878 - USA Sciences, NIEHS Tel: +1 - 301 947 6523 P.O. Box 12233, Mail Stop K2-16 Fax: +1 - 301 947 6538 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA Access http://www.iivs.org Tel: + 1 - 919 541 2384 Fax: + 1 - 919 541 0947 Type Non-governmental organization Email: [email protected] Year of Foundation 1997 Access http://iccvam.niehs.nih.gov/ Language English Type Governmental organization Features for the 3Rs Research & Validation IIVS is dedicated to the development and Year of Foundation 1997 refinement of alternative in vitro test methods. IIVS is a non-profit science-based Language English organization, which provides non-animal laboratory research and testing services for Features for the 3Rs Research & Validation industry, government, trade associations, ICCVAM is an interagency evaluation academia and the general public. The organi- and advisory committee consisting of sation is experienced in performing in vitro representatives of 15 U.S. Federal regulatory toxicological tests in compliance with Good and research agencies. ICCVAM is assigned Laboratory Practice (GLP). IIVS participates to the scientific validation, regulatory in Government-sponsored validation projects. acceptance, and national and international harmonization of alternative toxicological Education IIVS education and training programs include test methods. ICCVAM’s activities are Technical Workshops, Hands-On Training administered by NICEATM. Workshops, and Webinars. Technical ICVAM coordinates and conducts interagency Workshops focus primarily on the technical reviews of new and revised toxicological test aspects of a specific assay or a specific toxi- methods. It prepares recommendations on cological end point. Hands-On Training the scientific validity of new and modified Workshops are designed to look more gene- test methods, and forwards them to regulatory rally at how an in vitro method agencies for acceptance. Guidelines for the performs. Webinars address a broad range of nomination and submission of test methods training needs. Training announcements are published on IIVS website. are published on NICEATM-ICCVAM webpage. Documentation & Information Documentation & Information The IIVS website section “Resources” offers The NICEATM-ICCVAM webpage provides to search for IIVS Publications as well as online access to the reports on test methods Non-IIVS Publications. which have been evaluated by ICCVAM, and any other NICEATM-ICCVAM document. Newsletter Access to relevant U.S. and international The IIVS Update informs about current IIVS testing regulation and guidelines is also projects, national and international research projects, national and international meetings, provided. In addition, a masks for searching technical notes on testing approaches, and the Federal Register and U.S./international IIVS training courses. agency guidelines and regulations are offe- red.
Available from: http://iccvam.niehs.nih.gov Available from: http://www.iivs.org Accessed: February 23, 2011 Accessed: February 23, 2011 ORGANISATIONS 43 Data Sheets
International Network for Humane Education, In Vitro Testing Industrial Platform, IVTIP InterNICHE
Address International Network for Humane Education, Address IVTIP Secretariat InterNICHE P.O. Box 70 Co-ordinator 4797 ZH Willemstad NB Nick Jukes The Netherlands 98 Clarendon Park Road Tel: + 31 - 6 45 757 261 Leicester LE2 3AE E-mail: [email protected] United Kingdom Tel/Fax: + 44 - 116 2109652 Access http://www.ivtip.org Email: [email protected] Type Industry Access http://www.interniche.org Year of Foundation 1993 Type Non-governmental organization Language English Year of Foundation 2000 Features for the 3Rs Documentation & Information Language English, and Others IVTIP activities are focused on in vitro testing used in regulatory testing, in Features for the 3Rs Education compounds discovery and drug development. InterNICHE is an international network IVTIP supports the principle of the 3Rs. focused on animal use and alternatives The IVTIP website section “News & Info” within biological science, medical and informs about current IVTIP activities, veterinary medical education. InterNICHE meetings, activities of the European Union works worldwide in partnership with and research project for alternative testing. students, teachers, and animal campaigners. The IVTIP website section “Publications” InterNICHE offers a free Alternatives Loan offers free online access to position papers System, a library of multimedia CD-ROMs, on the topics of animal use and assays videos, and models. It covers several fields on the principle of the 3Rs, industrial of education, e.g. anaesthesia, anatomy, requirements in in vitro testing, validation of biochemistry, clinical skills, surgery, alternative tests, and regulation of testing. pathology, pharmacology, and physiology. The website sections “Interesting Links”, Instructions on how to borrow an item and a “Tests”, and “Research” provide numerous Borrower’s Agreement Form are published on links to European and international InterNICHE website. organizations, agencies, services, and project The InterNICHE multi-language Alternatives websites. in Education Video can be downloaded from the website. Teachers from a variety of disciplines demonstrate the alternatives they use in their courses.
Documentation & Information The InterNICHE website offers information and access to InterNICHE news, publications and services. The “Resources” section covers an e-mail discussion list, the alternative book “From Guinea Pig to Computer Mouse”, the alternatives video, the alternatives loan system, a list of relevant publications, and a gallery. Additional information resources are listed in section “Alternatives”.
Available from: http://www.interniche.org Available from: http://www.ivtip.org Accessed: February 23, 2011 Accessed: February 23, 2011 44 ORGANISATIONS Data Sheets
Japanese Society for Alternative to Animal National Centre for the Replacement, Experiments, JSAAE Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research, NC3Rs
Address Office of JSAAE Address National Centre for the Replacement, Japanese Center for the Validation of Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Alternative Method (JaCVAM) Research, NC3Rs National Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS) Gibbs Building, 215 Euston Road 1-18-1, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-Ku London, NW1 2BE Tokyo158-8501 United Kingdom Japan Tel: + 44 - 20 7611 2233 Tel: +81-3-3700-9874 Fax: + 44 - 20 7611 2260 Fax: +81-3-3700-1145 Email: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Access http://www.nc3rs.org.uk/ Access http://www.soc.nii.ac.jp/jsaae/e_index.html Type Governmental organization Type Academia Year of Foundation 2004 Year of Foundation 1987 Language English Language English, Japanese Features for the 3Rs Research Funding Features for the 3Rs Research & Validation The NC3Rs is dedicated to advance and JSAAE was established to promote research, promote the 3Rs in research and testing. development, and education related to The NC3Rs provides funding to specifically animal welfare and alternatives to animal advance knowledge in the 3Rs and to experiments. JSAAE awards research grants promote novel and multi-disciplinary for the purpose of the 3Rs. Guidelines for approaches. Guidelines for grant applications applications are published on its website. are published on NC3Rs website.
Documentation & Information Documentation & Information The JSAAE website informs about the annual The NC3Rs website provides access to News JSAAE meetings. In addition, it points to and publications, Programmes, Funding meetings of the Korean Society for schemes, and the Information Portal. The Alternatives to Animal Experiments. NC3Rs Information Portal provides special JSAAE also participates in the advisory board thematic pages, e.g. 3Rs databases, of the Japanese Center for the Validation of anaesthesia, analgesia, biotelemetry, Alternative Methods (JaCVAM). JaCVAM was euthanasia, experimental design/statistics, introduced by Hajime Kojima (2008) in AATEX housing and husbandry, humane endpoints, (AATEX 14, Special Issue, 483-485). JaCVAM imaging etc. The information portal contains has not yet published an own website. links to online databases, key websites, JSAAE edits the Alternatives to Animal journal articles, legislation, online Testing and Experimentation Journal documents, events and discussion groups (AATEX). relevant to each page. The Blood Sampling Microsite provides information on the most appropriate technique for blood sampling from animals.
Newsletter The NC3Rs e-newsletter informs about current NC3Rs activities, e.g. NC3Rs workshops and symposia, and advances in the 3Rs.
Available from: http://www.nc3rs.org.uk Available from: http://www.soc.nii.ac.jp/jsaae/e_index.html Accessed: February 23, 2011 Accessed: February 23, 2011 ORGANISATIONS 45 Data Sheets
Netherlands Centre Alternatives to animal use, UCDavis Center for Animal Alternatives NCA Information, UCCAA
Address Netherlands Centre Alternatives to animal Address UCDavis Center for Animal Alternatives use, NCA Information, UCCAA Department for Animals in Science and Carlson Health Sciences Library Society University of California, Davis Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Davis CA 95616 - USA Utrecht University Tel: + 1 - 530 754 9122 Bldg. Nieuw Gildenstein, Fax: + 1 - 530 752 4718 Yalelaan 2, De Uithof, Email: [email protected] 3584 CM Utrecht - The Netherlands Tel: + 31 - 30 253 2033 Access http://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/Animal_ Alternatives/main.htm Access http://www.vet.uu.nl/nca/nca/home Type Academia Type Academia Year of Foundation 1991 Year of Foundation 1994 Language English Language English, Dutch Features for the 3Rs Documentation & Information Features for the 3Rs Documentation & Information UCCAA has a central mission to support NCA is the central point in the Netherlands scientists in gaining convenient access to for co-ordination and for disseminating information on alternatives to animal alternative methods. The Center places experiments. special emphasis on disseminating NCA operates the database of alternatives information concerning models, computer research in the Netherlands. Online access programs, and other animal alternatives in to this database is offered on the NCA education. website section “Alternatives”. UCCAA acts as coordinating office for the The NCA website section “Documents” UCD campus on improved and alternative provides access to the NCA publications. methods for the use of animals. It provides In addition, information about special topics investigators who use animals with is published, e.g. alternatives in education, strategies for literature search, intelligent information on the most current methods for test strategies, REACH etc. containing improving all aspects of animal care during relevant links to each topic. Thus, the NCA their work. website is linked to the European Resource The UCCAA website sections “Alternatives Centre for Alternatives to animal use in Searching Tools & Guides”, “Topic Specific higher education (eurca). Activities of eurca Searches”, “About the Center for Animal are coordinated by NCA in collaboration with Alternatives Information”, and “Animal the University of Edinburgh. Welfare & Related Websites” provide The NCA website section “Legislation” comprehensive information on animal presents national and international laws and regulations on the use of animals. research protocols, alternatives in education, laboratory animal welfare and alternatives, Newsletter search templates and databases, UC The NCA Newsletter publishes reports and research protocols and the 3Rs, organization articles on 3Rs-relevant research in the and resource guides, bibliographic searching Netherlands, national and international tools on disease models, a literature search latest news items, meetings reports, for alternatives worksheet, and a guide to announcements for workshops and bibliographic databases for alternatives congresses. All publications can be freely searching. downloaded. The NCA website was updated until May 2010. The NCA is replaced by the National Knowledge Centre on Alternatives (NKCA). The NKCA website is in preparation and will be linked to the URL http://www.nca-nl.org/.
Available from: http://www.vet.uu.nl/nca/nca/home Available from: Accessed: February 23, 2011 http://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/Animal_Alternatives/main.htm Accessed: February 23, 2011 46 ORGANISATIONS Data Sheets
Universities Federation for Animal Welfare, Zentralstelle zur Erfassung und Bewertung von UFAW Ersatz- und Ergänzungsmethoden zum Tierversuch, ZEBET Centre for Documentation and Evaluation of Alternatives to Animal Experiments, ZEBET Address Universities Federation for Animal Welfare Address Centre for Documentation and Evaluation of The Old School Alternatives to Animal Experiments, ZEBET Brewhouse Hill Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, BfR Wheathampstead Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10 Hertfordshire, AL4 8AN 10589 Berlin United Kingdom Tel: + 49 - 30 8412 2273 Tel: +44 - 1582 831818 Fax: + 49 - 30 8412 2958 Fax: +44 - 1582 831414 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Access http://www.bfr.bund.de/cd/1591 Access http://www.ufaw.org.uk Type Governmental organization Type Non-governmental organization Year of Foundation 1989 Year of Foundation 1926 Language English, German Language English Features for the 3Rs Research Funding Activities of ZEBET are Features for the 3Rs Education focused on promoting the development and UFAW is a British non-governmental validation of alternative testing procedures. ZEBET funds projects on the development of organisation that works to develop and alternative methods based on the 3Rs promote improvements in the well-being of principle. A call for grant applications and animals through scientific and educational instructions for applicants are published on activity worldwide. ZEBET’s website. Thus, UFAW provides research and education grants and awards to support projects which Research & Validation ZEBET promotes the address animals’ environmental and experimental validation of methods not psychological needs. The organisation also involving animal experiments in order to promotes animal welfare education, secure their inclusion in international directives. ZEBET initiates and coordinates particularly at the university and college validation studies on the national and level, with a focus on the communication of international level. ZEBET’s main activity is skills and experience in detecting physical the reduction of animal tests conducted for and psychological aspects of poor welfare. regulatory purposes. ZEBET also undertakes own research projects. High priority has Documentation & Information been given to replacing animal tests in UFAW publishes the quaterly scientific journal official notification and marketing Animal Welfare and other reports, books and authorization procedures, e.g. OECD videos. Furthermore, the federation provides guidelines and European Pharmacopoeia. ZEBET’s research activities are extended to information and advice on aspects of projects in information sciences. biology, management, health, behaviour and ethics relating to the well-being of animals. Documentation & Information ZEBET provides information on alternative methods in the ZEBET database on alternative methods to animal experiments AnimAlt- ZEBET. AnimAlt-ZEBET is online accessible without license fees via ZEBET’s website. The database AnimAlt -ZEBET offers evaluated information about alternative methods and their practical use. In addition, ZEBET prepares expert opinions at the request of competent authorities on applications for the authorisation or notification of animal research projects.
Available from: http://www.ufaw.org.uk Available from: http://www.bfr.bund.de/cd/1591 Accessed: February 23, 2011 Accessed: February 23, 2011 ORGANISATIONS 47 Data Sheets
Zentrum für Ersatz- und Ergänzungsmethoden zu Tierversuchen, zet Centre for Alternative and Complementary Methods to Animal Testing, zet Address Centre for Alternative and Complementary Methods to Animal Testing, zet Industriezeile 36/VII A-4020 Linz Österreich Tel: + 43 - 732 770325 0 Fax: + 43 - 732 770325 13 Email: [email protected]
Access http://www.zet.or.at
Type Non-governmental organization
Year of Foundation 1996
Language German, English
Features for the 3Rs Research & Validation zet is dedicated to the development, validation and acceptance of alternative and complementary methods in accordance with the 3Rs-principle. zet Life Science Laboratory (zet-LSL) started in 2007. It is primarily involved in the development and (pre) validation of in vitro strategies to replace animal experiments.
Documentation & Information zet website informs about projects and publications of zet. The web site section “Life Science Laboratorium” provides online information on publications and projects, e.g. EpiDerm™ skin irritation study, HET-CAM Test, Alternatives to animal sera in cell culture, and Thrombocyte extracts substitution of fetal sera. zet website is linked to “The Serum free Database”. zet co-sponsors the ALTEX journal. In cooperation with EUSAAT, the European Society for Alternatives to Animal Testing (http://www.eusaat.org/), zet organises the annual Congress on Alternatives to Animal Testing in Linz. Congress proceedings are published in ALTEX. zet website is linked to EUSAAT website.
Available from: http://www.zet.or.at Accessed: February 23, 2011
WEB SEARCH ENGINES 49 Data Sheets
• This Section provides information on KEY WEB SEARCH ENGINES USED BY THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY. These include GENERAL WEB SEARCH ENGINES, SCIENCE-SPECIFIC WEB SEARCH ENGINES, and a Meta-Web search engine. Finally, a SEMANTIC SEARCH ENGINE for alternative methods to animal experiments is detailed.
• The World Wide Web is a network of Internet servers offering information (web pages) through the hypertext transfer protocol. WEB SEARCH ENGINES CONSIST OF SEVERAL COMPONENT PARTS: the interface used to enter a query (search terms), an index of infor- mation (web pages) that the query is checked against, a software program (also known as web crawler, web spider) that searches the Web in to find and index new information, and an algorithm to locate, rank and return the information in response to a query.
• Search engines are subject to RAPID AND CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT, and it is therefore recommended that readers familiarise themselves on-line using the “help and tips” section of their preferred search engine. 50 WEB SEARCH ENGINES Data Sheets
Ask.com Go3R BETA
Producer IAC Search & Media Limited Producer Transinsight GmbH IAC/InterActiveCorp. Address Transinsight GmbH Address Ask.com Tatzberg 47-51 555 12th Street, Suite 500 D-01307 Dresden Oakland, CA 94607 Germany USA Tel: + 49 - 351 796 57 80 Tel: + 1 - 510 985-7400 http://www.transinsight.com Fax: + 1 - 510 985-7412 Access http://www.go3r.org Access http://www.ask.com Search Features As of April 2008, Go3RBETA has been Search Features Ask.com was founded in 1996 as available online free of charge. Ask Jeeves in 1996 and renamed into Go3RBETA is the first knowledge-based web Ask.com in February 2005. search engine for alternative methods to Ask.com web search technology is based animal experiments, which builds on the on the ExpertRank algorithm. ExpertRank semantic search technology of GoPubMed intends to provide relevant search results (www.GoPubMed.com) developed by by identifying the “most authoritative” sites Transinsight GmbH. Go3RBETA has been on the Web. developed by Transinsight GmbH, Dresden, Germany, in cooperation with scientists from Ask.com supports questions in natural the Technical University Dresden, the German language as well as keyword searching. National Centre for Documentation and The Ask.com Web Search assists information Evaluation of Alternatives to Animal searchers in selecting suitable search terms Experiments (ZEBET) at the German Federal for their queries. Suggestions are offered Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) in Berlin, for search terms and phrases as well as and BASF SE, Germany. The Go3R research proposals to narrow or to expand the search. project is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). Ask.com operates localized services world-wide, e.g. Ask.com UK, Ask.jp Japan, The technical basis of a semantic search Ask.com España, Ask.com DeutschlandBETA, engine is a specific expert knowledge, Ask.com FranceBETA, Ask.com NederlandBETA , captured within ontology. An ontology is a and Ask.com ItaliaBETA. network of – also hierarchically – grouped “concepts”, like subject areas, indicative for Ask.com provides diverse web services and the respective field of research. Go3RBETA search tools, e.g. Web Search, Blog Search, “extends search terms to categories, and Dictionary Search. Ask.com offers the automatically taking into account the AskEraser that enables searchers to delete interrelation of terms and synonyms. their search activity from Ask.com servers. Go3RBETA provides search results linked to an “intelligent table of contents”. The searcher can use this table of contents to navigate through his query result, and to extract quickly those parts of the search retrieval that are of interest to him. Go3RBETA implements a unique 3Rs specific ontology built with expert knowledge. Currently Go3RBETA searches in PubMed. In a next step, the search engine is being extended to achieve maximum availability of information.
Available from: http://www.ask.com Accessed: February 23, 2011 Available from: http://www.go3r.org Accessed: February 23, 2011 WEB SEARCH ENGINES 51 Data Sheets
Google search Google ScholarBETA
Producer Google Inc. Producer Google Inc.
Address Google Inc. Address Google Inc. 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway Mountain View, CA 94043 Mountain View, CA 94043 USA USA Tel.: +1 - 650 253 0000 Tel.: +1 - 650-253-0000 Fax: +1 - 650 253 0001 Fax: +1 - 650-253-0001
Access http://www.google.com/ Access http://scholar.google.com/
Search Features Google Inc. was incorporated in 1998. Google Search Features Google Scholar released in beta in 2004. has launched many products and services. Google Scholar is a freely-accessible web The first and most popular service of Google search engine that indexes scholarly is the Google search engine for webpages. literature across many disciplines and Google search is based on Google’s own sources. Google Scholar sources include ranking mechanism Page Rank. PageRank is peer-reviewed papers, theses, academic a link analysis algorithm that ranks search books, court opinions and patents, abstracts results according to the number of links from and articles from academic publishers, other web pages associated with the used professional societies, preprint repositories, search terms. universities and other scholarly organiza- tions. A list of scientific journals indexed by In addition to Google search, Google Scholar is not published. Google has developed several special search services, e,g, Google Directory searching Abstracts, citations or complete documents the web organized by topic or category, are shown depending on individual access Google Books for searching the full text of authorization. Google Scholar’s Library Links books, Google Patents BETA BETA for sear- program offers users online access to their ching U.S. patents, and Google Scholar BETA library subscriptions. for searching scholarly papers. Advanced Scholar Search provides subject areas for searching: Biology, Life Sciences, and Environmental Science; Business, Administration, Finance, and Economics; Chemistry and Materials Science; Engineering, Computer Science, and Mathematics; Medicine, Pharmacology, and Veterinary Science; Physics, Astronomy, and Planetary Science; Social Sciences, Arts, and Humanities.
In July 2008 Google launched the project Knol in beta (http://knol.google.com). Knol is a free service that hosts units of knowledge (knols) written by everyone about various subjects, including science.
Available from: http://scholar.google.com Available from: http://www.google.com/ Accessed: February 24, 2011 Accessed: February 23, 2011 52 WEB SEARCH ENGINES Data Sheets
Ixquick MetaCrawler
Producer Surfboard Holding B.V. Producer InfoSpace, Inc.
Address Surfboard Holding B.V. Address InfoSpace, Inc. Postbus 1079 601 108th Avenue NE 3700 BB Zeist Suite 1200 The Netherlands Bellevue, WA 98004 Tel: +31 - 30 697 1778 USA Tel: + 1 - 425 201.6100 Access http://ixquick.com Fax: + 1 - 425 201.6150
Search Features Ixquick search engine was launched in 1998. Ixquick is a meta search engine which Access http://www.metacrawler.com/ allows searching of multiple search engines (e.g. Yahoo/Alta Vista, Ask, and Open Search Features Meta Search Engines MetaCrawler was Directory) simultaneously. developed in 1994 at the University of Washington. Since 2000 MetaCrawler has Ixquick uses a star ranking system to rank been owned and operated by InfoSpace, Inc. its results; the top search results are the ones that have been returned from the most MetaCrawler uses metasearch technology to search engines. Ixquick offers an advanced combine the results from a pool of top web search, a global search and search search engines, including Google, Yahoo! refinement possibilities. Ixquick Search, Ask.com and more. translate users’ query into the syntax that each search engine needs. The global search allows to search in any of 18 languages. In each language, Ixquick searches local and international search engines.
Ixquick commits to provide the highest level of privacy to their users. Ixquick do not record IP addresses. Surfboard Holding B.V. has renewed the EuroPriSe certificate for its meta-search engine Ixquick in February 2011. The European Privacy Seal certifies IT products and IT-based services privacy compliance with European data protection regulations (www.european-privacy-seal.eu).
Available from: http://ixquick.com Available from: http://www.metacrawler.com Accessed: February 24, 2011 Accessed: February 24, 2011 WEB SEARCH ENGINES 53 Data Sheets
Scirus Yahoo! Search
Producer Elsevier B. V. Producer Yahoo! Inc.
Address Elsevier B. V. Address Yahoo! Inc. Elsevier e-Product Team 701 First Avenue P.O. Box 211 Sunnyvale, CA 94089 1000 AE Amsterdam USA The Netherlands Tel: +1 - 408 349 3300 Tel: + 31 - 20 485 3767 Fax: +1 - 408 349 3301 Fax: + 31 - 20 485 3432 Email: [email protected] Access http://search.yahoo.com/
Access http://www.scirus.com/ Search Features Yahoo! Inc. was incorporated in 1994. Yahoo! was first formed as a web directory of web Search Features Scirus is a free Web search engine developed sites, organized into categories. It became by Elsevier. Scirus is focused on scientific, the Yahoo! Directory that is maintained by scholarly, technical and medical data on human editors. the Web. It allows researchers to search for journals, scientists’ homepages, courseware, Yahoo! provides a wide range of Internet pre-print server material, patents and services, e.g. the web portal institutional repository and websites (http://www.yahoo.com), the web directory containing scientific content. Yahoo! Directory (http://dir.yahoo.com/), and the search engine Yahoo! Search. Scirus search technology ensures that only scientific content is indexed. Yahoo! Search Technology ranks search results according to their relevance to a List of Sources indexed by Scirus is publicly particular query by analyzing documents available. It covers e.g. BioMed Central, including text, title and description accuracy, MEDLINE®, and PubMed Central. source, associated links, and other unique document characteristics. Scirus search results are ranked according to relevance. It is also possible to rank results The Yahoo Search Assist supports information by date. searchers in selecting suitable search terms for their queries. The Yahoo Search Assist SciTopics BETA (Scirus Topic Pages) is a free offers suggestions for search terms and service for the scientific community phrases as well as ways to explore further (http://www.scitopics.com/). Scientific relevant concepts. experts summarize specific scientific topics by invitation based on the merit of their published research. Links to the latest, their relevant journal literature and web sources are presented. Public or private comments can be submitted. SciTopicsBETA is part of Elsevier’s SciVerse (http://www.SciVerse.com), a platform that integrates ScienceDirect, Scopus, SciTopics and targeted Web content.
Available from: http://www.scirus.com/ Available from: http://search.yahoo.com/ Accessed: February 24, 2011 Accessed: February 24, 2011 54 NOTES Data Sheets NOTES 55 Data Sheets How to obtain EU publications
Our priced publications are available from EU Bookshop (http://bookshop.europa.eu), where you can place an order with the sales agent of your choice.
The Publications Office has a worldwide network of sales agents. You can obtain their contact details by sending a fax to +352 29 29-42758.
European Commission EUR 24391 EN Joint Research Centre - Institute for Health and Consumer Protection Title: "The ECVAM Search Guide - GOOD SEARCH PRACTICE on Animal Alternatives" Author(s): Annett J. Roi - Barbara Grune Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union
2011 - 56 pp. - 21 x 28 cm EUR - Scientific and Technical Research series – ISSN 1018-5593 ISBN 978-92-79-15879-7 doi:10.2788/98187
Making full use of all sources of information on alternative methods is a key part of preparing research projects in the life sciences using laboratory animals in compliance with the EU legislative requirements. A major challenge to locate relevant high quality information about a proposed field of scientific investigation is the exponential increase of scientific publications in the recent past. Over the last years the electronic resources, originally developed to offer a potential solution to this problem, have shown a similar proliferation. The question arises: how best to search information specifically on the 3Rs (replacement, reduction, refinement of animal use) in the World Wide Web that is heterogenic, constantly changing and growing? The ECVAM Search Guide provides search procedures and user guidance to facilitate the location of the desired information on 3Rs alternatives in addition to an inventory of relevant resources providing an answer to the question: What can I find where? This Guide is aimed at untrained database users and will be most relevant, for example, where comprehensive searches are required as part of authorisation processes for animal experiments and where regulatory requirements mandate the application of the 3Rs.