Cradock Historic District DESIGN GUIDELINES This Page Intentionally Left Blank Cradock Historic District DESIGN GUIDELINES

Cradock Historic District DESIGN GUIDELINES This page intentionally left blank Cradock Historic District DESIGN GUIDELINES

January 2008 This page intentionally left blank ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

City Council Historic Preservation Commission Dr. James W. Holley III, Mayor Joel Andre Marlene W. Randall, Vice Mayor Christine O. McLellan Babcock Stephen E. Heretick, Councilman Joanna Hall William E. “Bill” Moody, Jr., Councilman Clayton T. Hough Elizabeth M. Psimas, Councilwoman Richard J. Ivy Douglas L. Smith, Councilman Dr. Mel L. Milton, Ph. D. Ray A. Smith, Sr., Councilman Laura A. O’Reilly, Esquire Patrice Ward City Staff Peter A. Youngblood Kenneth L. Chandler, City Manager James B. Oliver, Former City Manager Project Team Ray A. Smith, Sr., City Council Liaison Other Departments George M. Willson, Esquire, Senior Deputy City Attorney Cliff S. Sayles, GIS Technician Landon C. Wellford, AICP, Project Director George M. Willson, Esquire, Senior Deputy City Attorney Fred R. Brusso, CBO, Project Administrator Jocelyn T. Adumuah, Manager of Current Planning Planning Department Samson E. Okafor, Principal Planner, Secretary to Paul D. Holt III, AICP, Director the Historic Preservation Commission Landon C. Wellford, AICP, Assistant Director Adrienne E. Helms, Planner I Robert A. Baldwin, AICP, Former Director Jocelyn T. Adumuah, Manager of Current Planning Fred R. Brusso, CBO, Special Projects Administrator Samson E. Okafor, Principal Planner, Secretary to the Historic Preservation Commission Adrienne E. Helms, Planner I

Copyright © 2008 Frazier Associates and the City of Portsmouth. All rights reserved. No part of this book, including text, photographs, illustrations, cover design, and icons, may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, by any means (electronic, photocopying, recording, or otherwise) without the prior written permission of the publishers. This document may be reproduced in whole or part for use in matters related to the Portsmouth Historic Preservation Commission without prior written permission. This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS C RADOCK I. Cradock: History and Architecture ...... 1 A. Brief Overview of the City and the Historic Districts ...... 1 1. General Portsmouth History...... 1 2. Portsmouth’s Historic Districts...... 2 H B. Cradock Historic District Character...... 4

1. General Cradock History...... 4 ISTORIC 2. Streetscape Character ...... 5 3. Site Character ...... 5 4. Architectural Character ...... 6

C. Cradock House Types...... 7 D

1. Type 1 ...... 7 ISTRICT 2. Type 2 ...... 7 3. Type 3 ...... 7 4. Type 4 ...... 8

5. Type 5 ...... 8 D

6. Type 6 ...... 8 ESIGN 7. Type 7 ...... 8 8. Type 8 ...... 9

9. Type 9 ...... 9 G

II. Planning Your Preservation Project ...... 11 UIDELINES A. Preservation in Portsmouth...... 11 B. Historic Districts Ordinance...... 12 1. Historic Districts Zoning...... 12 2. Historic Preservation Commission ...... 14 3. Levels of Review ...... 14 4. Appeal of the Decision of the HPC...... 14 C. The Historic District Design Guidelines...... 15 i CONTENTS

II. Planning Your Preservation Project continued + +LÄUPUN@V\Y7YLZLY]H[PVU7YVQLJ[ ...... 16 1. Preservation...... 16 2. Rehabilitation...... 16 UIDELINES 3. Restoration...... 16 G 4. Reconstruction...... 16 5. Remodeling ...... 16 E. Maintenance and Rehabilitation...... 17 ESIGN 1. Required Maintenance ...... 17 D 2. Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation...... 18 F. Health and Safety Considerations...... 19 1. Planning Steps...... 19 2. Lead Paint...... 19 ISTRICT 3. Asbestos ...... 19 D G. Green Design and Sustainable Development ...... 20 H. Federal, State and Local Incentives ...... 21 1. Rehabilitation Tax Credits...... 21 a. Virginia Program...... 22 ISTORIC b. Federal Program ...... 23

H 2. Local Incentives ...... 24 a. Real Estate Tax Exemption ...... 24 b. Portsmouth Redevelopment and Housing Authority (PHRA) Programs...... 24 RADOCK C

ii CONTENTS C RADOCK III. Guidelines for Site Design ...... 25 A. Introduction ...... 25 B. Walkways and Driveways...... 26 Inappropriate Treatments...... 26 H Guidelines ...... 26

C. Sheds and Garages ...... 27 ISTORIC Inappropriate Treatments...... 27 Guidelines ...... 27 D. Plantings and Trees...... 28

Inappropriate Treatments...... 28 D

Guidelines ...... 28 ISTRICT E. Fences...... 29 Inappropriate Treatments...... 29 Guidelines ...... 29

F. Lighting ...... 30 D

Inappropriate Treatment ...... 30 ESIGN Guidelines ...... 30 G. Mechanical and Utilities Screening ...... 31

Inappropriate Treatments...... 31 G

Guidelines ...... 31 UIDELINES H. Accessibility ...... 32 Guidelines ...... 32

iii CONTENTS

IV. Guidelines for Existing Structures: Elements ...... 33 A. Introduction ...... 33 B. Foundations...... 34 Maintenance...... 34 UIDELINES Inappropriate Treatments...... 34 G Guidelines ...... 34 C. Roofs...... 35 Maintenance...... 35 ESIGN Inappropriate Treatments...... 38 D Guidelines ...... 38 D. Gutters...... 39 Maintenance...... 39 Inappropriate Treatment ...... 39 ISTRICT Guidelines ...... 39 D E. Windows...... 40 /PZ[VY`HUK)LULÄ[ZVM/PZ[VYPJ>VVKLU>PUKV^Z ...... 40 2. Energy Conservation and Heat Loss...... 40 3. Replacement Window Fact Sheet ...... 42 ISTORIC Maintenance...... 44

H Inappropriate Treatments...... 44 Guidelines ...... 45 F. Shutters...... 47 Inappropriate Treatments...... 47

RADOCK Guidelines ...... 47

C G. Doors...... 48 Inappropriate Treatments...... 48 Guidelines ...... 48 iv CONTENTS C RADOCK H. Porches ...... 49 Inappropriate Treatments...... 49 Guidelines ...... 49 I. Trim ...... 50 H Guidelines ...... 50 ISTORIC

V. Guidelines for Existing Structures: Materials ...... 51 A. Introduction ...... 51 B. Wood...... 52 Maintenance...... 52 D Inappropriate Treatments...... 53 ISTRICT Guidelines ...... 53 C. Masonry...... 54 Maintenance...... 54 D Inappropriate Treatments...... 56 Guidelines ...... 56 ESIGN D. Substitute Materials...... 57 1. Vinyl and Aluminum Siding ...... 57

Maintenance...... 57 G

Inappropriate Treatments...... 58 UIDELINES Guidelines ...... 58 2. Cementitious Siding...... 59 Maintenance...... 59 Inappropriate Treatments...... 59 Guidelines ...... 60

v CONTENTS

V. Guidelines for Existing Structures: Materials continued 3. Composite Trim Materials...... 60 Maintenance...... 60 Inappropriate Treatments...... 60 UIDELINES Guidelines ...... 60 G E. Paint ...... 61 Maintenance...... 61 Inappropriate Treatments...... 62 ESIGN Guidelines ...... 62 D VI. Guidelines for New Construction and Additions ...... 63 A. Introduction ...... 63 B. Setback ...... 64

ISTRICT Guidelines ...... 64

D C. Orientation...... 64 Guidelines ...... 64 D. Spacing ...... 65 Guideline...... 65

ISTORIC E. Massing...... 66 Guideline...... 66 H F. Complexity of Form...... 66 Guideline...... 66 G. Height, Width and Scale...... 67 Guidelines ...... 67 RADOCK H. Directional Expression...... 67 C Guideline...... 67 I. Roof Form and Materials...... 68 Guidelines ...... 68 vi CONTENTS C RADOCK J. Doors and Windows ...... 69 Inappropriate Treatments...... 70 Guidelines ...... 70 K. Porches and Porticos ...... 72 Guidelines ...... 72 H

L. Foundation...... 73 ISTORIC Guidelines ...... 73 M. Materials and Details ...... 74 Inappropriate Treatments...... 74

Guidelines ...... 74 D

N. Color...... 75 ISTRICT O. Additions...... 76 Inappropriate Treatments...... 76 Guidelines ...... 76

1. Function ...... 76 D

2. Location ...... 76 ESIGN 3. Attachment to Existing Building ...... 76 4. Size ...... 76 5. Orientation ...... 76 G 6. Roof Line and Roof Pitch...... 76 UIDELINES 7. Design ...... 76

vii CONTENTS

VII. Guidelines for Demolition and Moving ...... 77 A. Introduction ...... 77 B. Demolition...... 78 1. Zoning Ordinance Criteria...... 78 UIDELINES 2. Other Criteria...... 78 G Guidelines ...... 79 C. Moving...... 79 1. Zoning Ordinance Criteria...... 79 ESIGN 2. Other Criteria...... 80 D Guidelines ...... 80 ISTRICT

D Appendices ...... 81 A. Approval Matrix...... 81 ) *LY[PÄJH[LVM(WWYV]HS7YVJLZZ-SV^*OHY[...... 87 C. Maintenance Checklist ...... 89

ISTORIC D. Historic Preservation Commission New Construction Checklist ...... 91 E. Glossary ...... 93 H F. References and Resources...... 97 RADOCK C

viii C RADOCK HISTORIC D ISTRICT D ESIGN G UIDELINES V G C IV. I. S AND TRUCTURES RADOCK IEIE FOR UIDELINES A RCHITECTURE : H -E ISTORY LEMENTS E XISTING This page intentionally left blank I. CRADOCK: HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE C

This 1892 bird’s eye view RADOCK of Portsmouth shows commercial and military waterfront operations as well as the railway lines that served the port. The growth H

fueled by these activities ISTORIC spurred new residential development at the outer edges of the city which can also been seen in this view. D ISTRICT D ESIGN G UIDELINES

A. Brief Overview of the City The town of Portsmouth was not first battleship, and first aircraft carrier. and the Historic Districts formally established and platted until At least one source cites Portsmouth as 1752 when Colonel William Crawford having one of the greatest concentrations gave approximately 65 acres of his of architecturally significant buildings 1. General Portsmouth History plantation land. Over the next 250 between Alexandria and Charleston. The City of Portsmouth is a deepwater years, the city grew to its present size Portsmouth’s current historic districts are port located on the Elizabeth River in of 26 square miles. The first shipyard, representative of its long association with the Tidewater region of Virginia. It “Gosport,” was established south of transportation and shipbuilding. Each is considered a part of the harbor and town in 1767 and began Portsmouth’s represents an era in the development of population center known as Hampton long association with naval history. this old and important Virginia city. Roads, the nation’s thirty-third largest metropolitan statistical area. Its Named for the famed English port, roots as a transportation center, a Virginia’s Portsmouth is home to constant throughout the city’s history, many of the United States’ maritime began when Adam Thoroughgood firsts. These include the first federal established a ferry connection between shipyard and dry dock in the nation and Portsmouth and Norfolk in 1636. construction of the first ironclad ship, 1 I. CRADOCK: HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE

Portsmouth’s historic districts ST AMS AD are distributed throughout Y A. Brief Overview of the City the city. Olde Towne, WESTE and the Historic Districts R ER KING FW Downtown, Park View and NFWYW continued WY E BOARD AVE RN F HILL A SEA WESTE PM T Port Norfolk are located MARTIN LUTH UIDELINES

VE close to the water in this port T

G PORTER ADRIATIC S

city. Cradock and Truxtun, HAUTAU Port Norfolk 2. Portsmouth’s Historic Districts G R RE ESLEYST Y ENB R W LA

D L

the city’s two planned E R N

IER R EAV R D E L Q HA YNN D AV RD IX Olde Towne was the ﬁrst established TST BROA HOLCOMB I AV TRO U EY RDY P D DE

developments for shipyard AAV E ARPER E H MAY ST PL R

ESIGN M L D E historic district in the city. It represents T workers, were located on the FL ST

V T YST SUR O BA AST ER

RIDA D outskirts of the city in the T L ANIER CRES NO EY S T YLER RY SPRATL the town’s earliest surviving history and is PA B WES R E ST BUTLER VIR N AV O RK S THRIE S NAVAL AVE early twentieth century. EAS OKE AV C T AV WA

E RD RE G TR RD N T GU D S E T E DAVE CKIES HARTFOR I LE the only example of an early townscape in N O TRD SE P S D RST IA AST E CRAWFORDPKWY H OO

UTI ING Olde Towne

OTLN FORT ST A ERCE DR W ANN ST COMM VE TIT ST T the Hampton Roads area. Portsmouth’s SANDPI BLAIR ON

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C AVE ISTRICT Park View CO NORTH ST RAW other residential historic districts have

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QUEE R L DOU STOWN their own stories to tell as well.

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HARBO OD P HIGH ST T ST QUEEN ST GL KING ST GRAYSON KING ST W AS UNTY ST IN CO

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E HA Port Norfolk and Park View were P ST N HI RST CRAWFORD COUNTY S T LIFA RUTTE LLIPS BART ST COLUMBIA ST T ON

L X SOUTH ST HST both developed in the closing years of OUISA

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RO OOL AVE A VE RD SOUT VE ISTORIC BART ST SH ST HE ST VE Downtown W A NO GRIFFIN ST WYT DMA RACE ST SE

V A

PARKER the nineteenth century as Portsmouth FREDERICK BL URNPIKE SCOTT ST V WAVY ST RAVER V 64E EFFINGH T I2 ENTH PO N E T 4 W H RACES AVE 26 GOTHIC ST I DUKE ST RT SCOTT S T FI

CHARLEST C THIRD E FT assumed the position of a regional D ST R EN AVE ST T RANDOLPH HST DARTMOUTH S ROANOKE AVE HTONST YER A T RIG T B LAN MST R S GREEN PL EVERGR EPKWYS INGTON NASHVILLE ARL C T transportation center. These streetcar E MOINDES VD LINCOLN ST OL AZA SIN

PIEDMO WINCHESTER DR TH S

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ST GAVE ELSON GH N L PAL MER ST DALE DR ST I T EENWAY CT W EA GR PL EEN E suburbs, built on former farmland, AV FAYETTEST RDS S CAROLINE AVE OTT ST A US A TAVENT WA ST E SAVEES SON ST VE JEFFER ED AVE RADOCK MASC GR T ISON ST V FIELD S D GAR AD

C E E M provided a healthful and attractive OWN A LVD AVE HESTNUT LIAN H P AV B DR M KIL HOOVER ST BERRIEN C E T S B AM ST E AGN AR AG DAV E OST E ST ACH GUM ES ST SAV INE TE ISAV C LEY ST GON MAN AV AN KNOX ST WATT living condition for the middle-class A OLI IRL CHOAT BE E

M DST ING D A K OUTH BLVD ORE IA AVE EC ST AVE AST OA AN IN ST RTSM Y GW PO LE H N T

SON ST KS GR workers involved in the growing HOB WILCOX AVE HE T ST

ROYAL ST EM NOBL ST T LEE CARVER CIR NS S ANLY ST E P M YAVE N V L E K ST LINDSA shipping and railroad industries taking T OC Truxtun MA E NN E PE HCOCK ST T TE

S KL

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IL Y BALDWINAVE HIT

L E ON AV T S KAL S BLAC B ASA IAMS

T CK Virginia products to far-distant ports. V

T WALL I EDISON AVE ARKE X WESTON E BAVE TAV FRANKLINAVE IOT AN ARD TRU L L AXWELLAVE DREW R E M VE MONTCLAIR AVE SS PENNO E STGEE VAL SHIPY NRD E A T ST NA CO WRIGHT AV LABAMA A BILTMORE PL BEA VE Cradock and Truxtun are the only SUMMERS PL VE AVE B DEKALB A L U M L R M E CLEA

NS TON A A ALIER BLVD U twentieth century districts presently AV C N PI ST A SPOIN NAVE DR BB GREENWOOD BARCLAY AVE O listed in Portsmouth and date to HANBURY AVE T TPL RD REID T ALLEN NNSY ROAD R

ST T L D S P approximately 1918. Both were built as G ST R S N D N R TU N RA O Y SHI A IC L LVD M L NRD U C PI I H projects of the U.S. Housing Corporation L KB DERBY RD C E RD D R E WI CHANNINGD AVEEM RD O D GTON HWY IS L AN ST S TER SO EY AYL L ILL T WA HIN FRAIL Z L G N A C OXL P CRE D to house shipyard workers during World E HAT AS AH NS ST B MILITA HARRII T EY RD DEE TST W LGREN A HAM RD A W O E SUMTER ST B IR RY R CradockYP VE BOLD S T CIS S War I. They are signiﬁcant as they are D L

GEORGE T FRAN

NT DR REDGATE DR

ALLA CA

BUNCH GUST L DRIVEWAY VICTORY BLVD among the ﬁrst government-funded and KE

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R N RD LN I

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T E HOLLY HILL LN planned communities in the country. The

BLVD D STRA design concept of these districts reﬂect what we today call “new urbanism,” 2 I. CRADOCK: HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE C RADOCK H ISTORIC D ISTRICT D ESIGN

This perspective view captures the village feel that was intended for the Cradock neighborhood. Cradock today retains much of its original character and architecture. G a wholly contained community where Individually listed properties also UIDELINES residents could live, play, and shop within contribute to the overall understanding an easy commute of the workplace of the development and history provided by public transportation. of the city. Landmark religious and municipal institutions include The newest historic district in the city Trinity Episcopal Church and the is the Downtown Portsmouth Historic Old Portsmouth Courthouse. Those District that encompasses the original that represent Portsmouth’s long town plat. Most of the buildings date to marine and transportation history the late nineteenth and early twentieth include Drydock Number One, the centuries, a period of rapid growth for Portsmouth Naval Hospital and the the city. Unlike the other listed districts Seaboard Coastline Building. More that are residential in nature, this district modern entertainment culture of is mainly commercial and anchored the twentieth century is represented by the city’s main street, High Street. by the Commodore Theatre. These The buildings in this district represent individual properties help to complete a variety of service-oriented uses and the picture of Portsmouth’s past. diversity of ethnicity and religion.

3 I. CRADOCK: HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE UIDELINES G ESIGN D

ISTRICT ;OL*YHKVJRÄYLZ[H[PVU^HZVYPNPUHSS`SVJH[LK ;OLYLU[HSVMÄJLMVY*YHKVJROV\ZLZ^HZ Located at the corner of George

D at Afton Square in this shingle-clad structure. located at Afton Square. Many of the new Washington Boulevard and Afton Parkway, houses can be seen in the background. the Masonic Temple was an early element of the Cradock neighborhood. ISTORIC

H B. Cradock Historic An Act of Congress in 1918 allowed the Most of the features of present-day District Character federal government to build housing planned communities, including projects related to the wartime effort. recreational areas, churches, a commercial

RADOCK Accordingly, the United States Housing square, and a public transportation 1. General Cradock History C Corporation began planning Cradock system, were provided for the residents The Cradock neighborhood was built in since the adjacent city of Portsmouth of Cradock. With its own government- 1918 and named in honor of British Rear was not equipped to handle the sudden built schoolhouses, firehouse, sewerage Admiral Sir Christopher G. F. W. increase in population due to the and water system, and electric street Cradock whose fleet was sunk by rapid influx of workers at the Norfolk lighting system, Cradock attempted the German Navy in 1914. Naval Shipyard during World War I. self-government from the Armistice until 1922. It was then taken over It was built on a 310-acre tract, formerly Cradock was one of the first federally by Norfolk County before becoming known as Afton Farm, three miles south funded planned communities in the a part of the City of Portsmouth. of Portsmouth on Paradise Creek. It was United States. Conceived as a self- connected to Portsmouth by a streetcar contained pedestrian community, it The Cradock National Register Historic line leading directly to the shipyard. This incorporated many of the most advanced District was established in 1974 and line, in turn, was attached to the existing planning techniques of its day and local review, according to the criteria system that covered all of Portsmouth is a direct predecessor of the current established by the historic districts and its major suburbs, making Cradock trend towards “new urbanism.” Zoning Ordinance, began in 1976. part of an early mass transit system. 4 I. CRADOCK: HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE C

2. Streetscape Character RADOCK The Cradock Historic District is a well-deﬁned planned neighborhood of

35 rectangular blocks. The district is H

bounded on the northeast by Alden ISTORIC Avenue, the southeast by Harris Road, the southwest by Dahlgren Avenue, and the northwest by George Washington D

Highway. The district’s layout is ISTRICT based on the design of a ship’s anchor. Afton Parkway forms the shank of the anchor, the curving arms are created by D

Alden and Dahlgren avenues, and the ESIGN stock is represented by Gillis Road.

The district’s two main thoroughfares, G

Afton and Prospect parkways, are UIDELINES divided streets with landscaped medians and intersect at the northwest terminus of the district’s small, centralized commercial area – Afton Square. The The site plan for Cradock as it appeared in a U.S. Department of Labor publication on the development of Cradock. cross-axial grid is created by these main parkways and ﬁlled in by narrow to the front door across well-kept lawns. residential streets with street parking Concrete ribbon driveways, sometimes on both sides. Mature crepe myrtles shared, are also common. Plantings, punctuate planting strips on both sides when present, include evergreen of the major streets, and utility lines are foundation shrubs as well as a variety concealed to the rear of the houses. of deciduous trees. Smaller specimens are planted in some front yards and 3. Site Character larger, more mature examples provide Most house parcels in Cradock are single- shade in the backyard of many houses. family lots, 50-feet wide and of irregular depths due to the curving street pattern. Houses have a uniform, moderate setback and relatively narrow side yards. Most The design for the Cradock neighborhood was based on houses have concrete walkways leading that of an anchor. 5 I. CRADOCK: HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE UIDELINES G ESIGN D

There is a large variety in design rotated on site and different entrance

ISTRICT B. Cradock Historic District and plan, with houses uniﬁed by locations or porch designs were added

D Character continued the repetition of sloping roof lines to create the appearance of an entirely and Colonial Revival features such new house type. Most Cradock houses 4. Architectural Character as small-paned shuttered wooden are frame structures covered in wood ISTORIC Of the original 1235 houses planned windows, classically detailed porch clapboard siding. Brick houses are rare H for Cradock, 759 were built before the posts and pedimented entry porticos. as are those clad in shingles or stucco. Armistice ended shipbuilding activity Most single-family homes consist of While the windows and doors of many in 1918. Designs for the single-family, ﬁve to seven rooms, with ﬁve-room of these houses may have been replaced RADOCK duplex and row houses in Cradock duplexes and six-room row houses.

C were influenced by then-popular over time, the openings retain their architectural styles such as English Cradock was built in an efficient and original configurations and ratio of Cottage, Bungalow, Colonial Revival, cost-effective manner, and so it is the wall to window and door area. Few Dutch Colonial, and Tudor Revival. variety of house designs rather than roofs in the district retain their original the materials that provide its character diamond-patterned asbestos shingle and interest. The architect cleverly roofs, however, new coverings have been manipulated several stock designs to add applied to retain the original roof forms. variety to the street scene. Plans were

6 I. CRADOCK: HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE C

C. Cradock House Types RADOCK

The appearance of the Cradock Historic

District is deﬁned by the use of a small H

number of house forms, sited closely ISTORIC together to create a village feel. The repetition of simple Colonial Revival details, gable roof lines, and uniformly D light colored houses with dark shutters ISTRICT unify the limited variety of house types without becoming monotonous. D ESIGN G

Type 1: Side-gable roof with center entry and entrance porch. UIDELINES

Type 2: Side-gable roof with center entry and entrance porch. The second story Type 3: Side-gable roof with center entry and three-bay porch. The second of the facade is clad in board-and-batten siding. story of the facade is clad in board-and-batten siding. 7 I. CRADOCK: HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE

C. Cradock House Types continued UIDELINES G ESIGN D ISTRICT D ISTORIC H

Type 4: End-gable roof with side entry and entrance porch. Type 5: End-gable roof with side entry and full-width porch. RADOCK C

8 Type 6: Side-gable roof with center entry and three-bay porch under main roof. Type 7: Cross-gable roof with center entry and three-bay porch under main roof. I. CRADOCK: HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE C RADOCK H ISTORIC D ISTRICT D ESIGN G UIDELINES Type 8: Side-gable roof with center entry and full-width porch under main roof, Type 9: Side-gable roof with center entry and full-width porch under main roof, continuous shed dormer above. joined dormers above.

9 This page intentionally left blank C RADOCK HISTORIC D ISTRICT D ESIGN G UIDELINES I P G IV. II. S P TRUCTURES LANNING RESERVATION IEIE FOR UIDELINES Y OUR -E P LEMENTS ROJECT E XISTING This page intentionally left blank II. PLANNING YOUR PRESERVATION PROJECT C

This 1886 image from RADOCK Edward Pollock’s “Sketchbook of Portsmouth” looking northwest from the waterfront at Columbia H

Street shows a densely ISTORIC developed downtown. D ISTRICT D ESIGN A. Preservation in Portsmouth neighborhoods, the community recognized the architectural, historic, As cities and towns develop through and cultural significance of these areas. G UIDELINES time, each generation leaves its physical imprint on the community. The results Through further research and are periods of various architectural styles, documentation, the historic districts of building types, street patterns and open Olde Towne, Park View, Port Norfolk, spaces. These individual buildings, Cradock, and Truxtun were recognized neighborhoods, and commercial areas on both the Virginia Landmarks Register become more distinctive and treasured and the National Register of Historic as they survive subsequent generations Places. Listing on these registers, of development. The city of Portsmouth however, provided no protection for the has a rich history, much of it conveyed preservation of these local resources. by the city’s remarkable collection of A local historic districts Zoning historic buildings and structures. Ordinance was first adopted in 1967 To that end, the City of Portsmouth to provide such protection. This local has completed a number of basic steps regulation establishes the criteria and crucial to the preservation of the city’s review process for changes to be made rich architectural heritage. The first to the exterior appearance of historic step in identifying historic resources properties. This part of the Zoning is to conduct a historic buildings Ordinance was last updated in 2007. survey. Based on surveys conducted in a number of Portsmouth’s historic 11 II. PLANNING YOUR PRESERVATION PROJECT

B R B

AVEN ST O S

A TT

M PL PS B. Historic Districts RD ON P ALLEN

AY LWI QUA P

L HELPS PL Ordinance

CKENBUSH

S UIDELINES

PL 1. Historic Districts Zoning PAR ALD

G EN AVE KSIDE P L Section 40.54 of the Zoning Ordinance PL requires that a building owner receive a

ESIGN A FTON PK EMMONS BA Certiﬁcate of Appropriateness from the INBRIDGE A COOPER DR WY

D T S VE ST Historic Preservation Commission (HPC) UR ST UT S AT BA G R TI N EC EY P RA before most exterior alterations can be L D BUR AR F made or application for a building permit

ISTRICT AFTON P can move forward. The review process Y KWY D HW DR N is based on the standards adopted into O KENNEDY C AXS OT TON P Y M W the historic districts Zoning Ordinance. L O O RR NS PK WASHINGT I SST T DE RD RBY RD ECT P IS RD L CON S In addition to the Zoning Ordinance NO C RI NICH GEORGE H ROS GIL ISTORIC A R NN P PL IN G HAR KEY: OL AVE provisions, these design guidelines S O H NST

C CSSON ST Parcels requiring USH IN RI assist the HPC and property owners G E ST T T S HPC Review EST S T OAKCR as they oversee and carry out changes Local Historic T S L DALE P IN ER

F BRI FARRAGU District Boundary to properties and districts. R

A IRW RADOCK

E VIS ST YP DA

C GAR L Speciﬁc uses are also spelled out RE TTST DAH LGREN for each historic district in this D AVE

IN R FISK section of the ordinance. For the E LW ST Y REX AV A E

ROY ST E permitted uses in Cradock, see the L The shaded area comprises the Cradock Historic District covered by the historic district zoning. Approximate footprints chart on the opposite page. of the structures on each parcel of land show a neighborhood remarkably unchanged in overall character when compared to the original plan.

Dates of Local Historic Districts and National Register Designations Q Olde Towne (local review 1967, Q Port Norfolk (local review 1983, National Register 1970) National Register 1983) Q Cradock (local review 1976, Q Park View (local review 1984, National Register 1974) National Register 1984) Q Truxtun (local review 1983, 12 National Register 1982) II. PLANNING YOUR PRESERVATION PROJECT C MINIMUM RADOCK HISTORIC LOT SIZE MAXIMUM BUILDING MINIMUM MINIMUM MINIMUM MINIMUM MAXIMUM DISTRICT USE IN SQUARE COVERAGE LANDSCAPED AREA SIDE YARD FRONT YARD REAR YARD HEIGHT FEET OF LOT OF LOT

Single-family 4,5002,000 70% 20% Lots <30 feet align with 20 feet Two (2) H Three (3) feet existing stories abutting ISTORIC Lots > 30 feet residences Five (5) feet D Two-family 7,500 70% 20% Lots <30 feet align with 20 feet Two (2) ISTRICT Three (3) feet existing stories abutting Lots > 30 feet residences

Five (5) feet D ESIGN Three dwellings in 13,5002,500 70% 20% Lots <30 feet align with 20 feet Two (2) structure Three (3) feet existing stories

abutting G

Lots > 30 feet residences UIDELINES Five (5) feet Four dwellings in 16,5004,500 70% 20% Lots <30 feet align with 20 feet Two (2) structure Three (3) feet existing stories abutting Lots > 30 feet residences Five (5) feet Nonresidential use 2,500 70% 20% Lots <30 feet align with 20 feet Two (2) Three (3) feet existing stories abutting Lots > 30 feet residences Five (5) feet Ofﬁce and more than 4,50070% 20% Lots <30 feet align with 20 feet Two (2) one (1) residential unit Three (3) feet existing stories abutting Lots > 30 feet residences Five (5) feet All new construction May not encroach into any required side or front yard or Lots <30 feet align with 20 feet Two (2) and additions withinthree(3)feetofanylotline. Three (3) feet existing stories abutting May not exceed two (2) square feet of floor Lots > 30 feet residences area per zoned lot area for total structure. Five (5) feet

This chart shows the permitted uses and their speciﬁc requirements in the Cradock Historic District. 13 II. PLANNING YOUR PRESERVATION PROJECT

B. Historic Districts Q major site changes such as Application Process Please call the Planning Ordinance continued fencing and paving; Staff at (757) 393-8836 to Q moving any building; and A comprehensive ﬂow chart JVUÄYT^OL[OLYVYUV[ of the application process can UIDELINES a COA is needed before 2. Historic Preservation Q demolition, full or partial.

G be found in the Appendix. beginning your project. Commission Rehabilitation projects may be heard by 1. Contact the Planning Staff in the Members of the Historic Preservation the HPC or be reviewed administratively. Department of Planning to set ESIGN Commission (HPC) are citizen members The level of review for each project type

D up an appointment to discuss the of the City of Portsmouth’s government varies by the extent of the proposed work. scope of your project and whether and have design review authority over An approval matrix found in the Appendix or not it requires a Certiﬁcate historic properties. Each member has of this document provides guidance of Appropriateness (COA). ISTRICT a knowledge of and interest in the on what type of review is required. 2. File the COA Application and any D preservation of the historic character required information as requested of the city of Portsmouth. These The Historic Preservation Commission on the application. Applications members are appointed to the Historic (HPC) will always hear applications are available online at www.

ISTORIC Preservation Commission by City for new construction, relocation, and demolition projects. The HPC portsmouthva.gov/planning and

H Council and serve a three-year term. may also review applications that in the Department of Planning. 3. When you return your completed 3. Levels of Review the staff determines are beyond the scope of administrative review. application, the Planning Staff RADOCK The historic districts zoning requires will ask you for any additional C review of the material change in 4. Appeal of the Decision of information needed and will appearance of any building, either the HPC inform you if the project can individually designated or in a historic To appeal a decision of the HPC, the be administratively reviewed or district, as viewed from a public right- property owner must cite an error in the requires review by the Historic of-way. A project must adhere to findings of the HPC that the proposed Preservation Commission. the criteria in the Zoning Ordinance work was not architecturally compatible (See Item #3 at left) and these guidelines in order to be with the character of historic district. 4. If the project is approved, you will approved. Routine maintenance The appeal is first reviewed for grounds receive a COA and can obtain the projects are excluded from review. by the Appeals Review Committee necessary permits or begin your project if permits are not required. Projects that require a COA include: (ARC) which consists of the Director of Planning and the Senior Deputy City 5. If the project is not approved exterior alterations/rehabilitations Q Attorney or their designees. If the ARC by the HPC, you may file an that require a change in design, finds grounds for the appeal, it will then appeal with the Appeal Review color or material such as replacement be placed on the City Council agenda Committee according to the windows, paint, and substitute siding; for the next available meeting. Appeals process in Item #4 on this page. Q additions and new construction; 14 must be filed with the ARC within 30 days of the final action of the HPC. II. PLANNING YOUR PRESERVATION PROJECT C

C. The Historic District found in that district. These ﬁve sets RADOCK Design Guidelines of guidelines are coordinated to provide uniform organization and appearance and These guidelines help property allow for easy navigation either within H owners and the Historic Preservation one set or between two or more sets. Commission (HPC) decide what are ISTORIC appropriate changes for structures in the Based on the feedback received from historic districts as well as appropriate Cradock property owners during this new construction. As a property owner, process, residents expressed the wish D you are a partner in preservation and to retain the historic character of their ISTRICT should refer to these guidelines whenever district while improving its overall you plan changes to your property. physical appearance. To aid in this effort,

respondents asked that the guidelines D

These guidelines help to clarify what provide specific guidance on materials ESIGN is valuable and worth preserving in and maintenance and be directed to the Cradock Historic District. They resources for more technical assistance. explain how you can respect these G UIDELINES features as you make changes or repairs A public copy of the report is located in the City’s Planning Department to your historic building or design a new building within the district. on the 4th floor of City Hall. These guidelines are the result of a process begun in 2005 called FOCUS Historic Districts. As a part of this process, Cradock property owners were sent questionnaires and invited to attend a public meeting to provide their input on the then-current historic The Focus Historic Districts Report recommendations were adopted by district regulations, procedures and City Council in early 2007. guidelines. That input is reflected in the revised Historic Districts zoning (2007) and in these guidelines. Each of the historic districts has its own set of guidelines tailored to that neighborhood and illustrated with photographs and drawings of the typical house types, elements and materials 15 II. PLANNING YOUR PRESERVATION PROJECT

+ +LÄUPUN@V\Y7YLZLY]H[PVU character. This approach must Preservation Briefs: Project not damage or destroy historically These publications can signiﬁcant materials, features provide valuable detailed Terms such as preservation, restoration,

UIDELINES or ﬁnishes and requires that information for your project. G and rehabilitation, are often used any changes be compatible with In many of the chapters interchangeably; however, they mean of these guidelines, you the building and its context. will be directed to these different approaches to the work ESIGN 3. Restoration depicts a property publications produced by the performed on a historic structure. D at a particular period of time National Park Service. Over 40 different subjects are 1. Preservation focuses on the in its history, while removing covered in the Preservation maintenance and repair of evidence of other periods.

ISTRICT Briefs which are available in existing historic materials and 4. Reconstruction re-creates vanished

D [OLVMÄJLZVM[OL7SHUUPUN retention of a property’s form Department and online at or non-surviving portions of a as it has evolved over time. property for interpretive purposes. www.cr.nps.gov/hps/tps/ briefs/presbhom.htm 2. Rehabilitation acknowledges 5. Remodeling makes changes to ISTORIC the need to alter or add to the property without necessarily H a historic property to meet maintaining the historic character- continuing or changing uses while deﬁning features of a building. retaining the property’s historic RADOCK C

16 II. PLANNING YOUR PRESERVATION PROJECT C

E. Maintenance and RADOCK Rehabilitation

1. Required Maintenance H

Section 40-55.1 of the historic district ISTORIC Zoning Ordinance: Demolition by Neglect requires that a property owner provide adequate maintenance to prevent D the deterioration of a building into ISTRICT a hazardous or unsafe condition. In general, this means that you need to

protect your property from the elements D by making sure that you have a sound ESIGN roof, windows, walls, and doors. This section of the ordinance also mandates G

that you retain the historic character of UIDELINES your property by not removing character- A window covered with permits is a sure sign that rehabilitation work will deﬁning features and, therefore, causing begin soon. irreversible damage to the structure.

Maintenance Checklist A checklist, which can help serve as a reminder of routine maintenance items for your property, is included in the Appendix section of these guidelines.

17 II. PLANNING YOUR PRESERVATION PROJECT

An interactive web class on E. Maintenance and the Secretary of the Interior’s Rehabilitation continued Standards for Rehabilitation is available online at UIDELINES 2. Secretary of the Interior’s 3. Each property shall be recognized as 7. Chemical or physical treatments,

G www.cr.nps.gov/hps/tps/ Standards for Rehabilitation a physical record of its time, place, such as sandblasting, that cause e-rehab/index.htm and use. Changes that create a false damage to historic materials shall These federal guidelines were ﬁrst sense of historical development, such not be used. The surface cleaning ESIGN developed in 1979 and have been as adding conjectural features or of structures, if appropriate, D expanded and reﬁned, most recently in architectural elements from other shall be undertaken using the 1995. They are used by the National buildings, shall not be undertaken. gentlest means possible. Park Service to determine if the

ISTRICT rehabilitation of a historic building 4. Most properties change over 8. Signiﬁcant archaeological

D has been undertaken in a manner that time; those changes that have resources affected by a is sensitive to its historic integrity. acquired historic signiﬁcance project shall be protected and in their own right shall be preserved. If such resources The Standards are very broad by nature

ISTORIC retained and preserved. must be disturbed, mitigation since they apply to rehabilitation measures shall be undertaken. H within historic districts throughout the 5. Distinctive features, ﬁnishes, and United States. The recommendations construction techniques or examples 9. New additions, exterior alterations, found in these guidelines are based of craftsmanship that characterize or related new construction shall

RADOCK on the following standards: a property shall be preserved. not destroy historic materials that C characterize the property. The new 6. Deteriorated historic features shall 1. A property shall be used for its work shall be differentiated from be repaired rather than replaced. historic purpose or be placed the old and shall be compatible Where the severity of deterioration in a new use that requires with the massing, size, scale, and requires replacement of a distinctive minimal change to the deﬁning architectural features to protect feature, the new feature shall match characteristics of the building the historic integrity of the the old in design, color, texture, and and its site and environment. property and its environment. other visual qualities and, where 2. The historic character of a possible, materials. Replacement 10. New additions and adjacent or property shall be retained and of missing features shall be related new construction shall preserved. The removal of historic substantiated by documentary, be undertaken in such a manner materials or alteration of features physical, or pictorial evidence. that if removed in the future, and spaces that characterize a the essential form and integrity property shall be avoided. of the historic property and its environment would be unimpaired.

18 II. PLANNING YOUR PRESERVATION PROJECT C F. Health and Safety 3. Asbestos Preservation Brief #37: RADOCK Considerations Asbestos may be found in either roof or Appropriate Methods for siding materials. In this case, the ﬁrst Reducing Lead Paint Hazards

1. Planning Steps question to ask in the project planning is in Historic Housing H

whether or not it is necessary to remove ISTORIC When planning your project, it is often www.nps.gov/history/hps/ necessary and always wise to look at the material. Unlike lead paint, which tps/briefs/brief37.htm any health and safety challenges that is just a coating, asbestos is an integral part of these materials. Asbestos is only a your project may present. Often, D

hazard if it is disturbed. Otherwise it is a ISTRICT the primary challenges may be the For more information on the long-lasting and often character-deﬁning existence of lead paint and/or asbestos. steps to remove asbestos, Take proper lead paint precautions when material in many historic neighborhoods. please consult How to The ﬁrst step in mitigating these working on any house that was painted prior to

Properly Remove Cement D materials is to identify the character- the 1970s. Asbestos Board online at ESIGN deﬁning features of your building. www.spokanecleanair.org Many of these features are illustrated this page will help you to either hire the in the preceding chapter and will appropriate workers or safely complete G often include original windows, the required steps on your own. UIDELINES siding and roof materials. 2. Lead Paint As a second step, investigate all alternatives to altering or damaging Paints containing lead have not been original materials. It is important in all manufactured since 1978 and, therefore, phases of rehabilitation to retain historic may not be the top coat on the exterior features, repair them in a sensitive way of a structure. However, if you are when necessary, and as a last option removing a substitute cladding material to replace deteriorated elements either that has been installed over the original with in-kind or substitute materials. wood siding, you may have a lead paint top coat on the underlying wood. If Depending upon the decisions made the paint is sound, it may be possible to in the treatment of various materials encapsulate the lead paint layer under and features, the third step is to hire new exterior paint. It is not necessary experienced workers that are certiﬁed to remove the wood to reduce the for the abatement of the materials to be lead paint hazard. More information removed. In some cases, it may also be on the actual steps that can be taken possible to do much of the work yourself are offered in Preservation Brief #37: following applicable instructions for Appropriate Methods for Reducing Lead your own safety. The resources listed on Paint Hazards in Historic Housing. Asbestos roof material is often found in this diamond-shaped pattern. 19 II. PLANNING YOUR PRESERVATION PROJECT

you spend on your project stays in G. Green Design and Suggested Guidelines for your city rather than wherever the new Sustainable Development Green Projects siding or windows are manufactured. It has been said that the greenest 1 Limit paved surfaces and shade UIDELINES When planning a rehabilitation project,

G building is the one that is never built. them from direct sun when The next best option is the preservation it is important to consider the long- possible to reduce heat gain. term effect of the choices you make of existing buildings. Historic structures 2 Choose porous paving materials, ESIGN on both the environment and the are constructed from wood, masonry, such as paving bricks, which allow D historic character of the property and/ glass, and other natural materials that water to drain and reduce runoff. represent embodied energy already or district. As a locally designated 3 Use drought-tolerant native plants expended. Modern day buildings are historic structure, the cultural heritage to reduce landscape water usage. ISTRICT often built of man-made materials that of your property has been recognized

D 4 require far more energy consumption to have importance to the city. Retain and make operable throughout the manufacturing process. existing wood shutters to These guidelines have been written with reduce heat entering houses green concerns in mind, especially the

ISTORIC In addition, historic buildings often boast and to reduce energy bills. more energy-efﬁcient designs than many concept of embodied energy. Embodied H 5 Keep double-hung wooden sash energy is the energy that has already modern-day buildings. By rehabilitating windows and transoms operable been expended in the harvesting an existing building you are recycling to provide air-ﬂow and reduce and production of materials and the the equivalent of over one million the need for air conditioning. RADOCK construction of an existing building.

C aluminum cans! Rehabilitation costs are 6 Check inventory at second- often higher in labor costs and lower in The following Suggested Guidelines hand and salvage companies for material costs than new construction. for Green Projects is not intended to period-appropriate hardware, This means that more of the money be comprehensive. As more green lighting and other items. preservation projects are undertaken, 7 Choose paint that is formulated this list will continue to grow. with low volatile organic compounds (VOC). 8 Consider the use of historic building techniques and features in new construction. Include deep overhangs to provide shade without reducing light, transoms, shutters and operable double-hung windows, and cisterns to capture grey water for landscape use. 20 Credit: National for Trust Historic Preservation II. PLANNING YOUR PRESERVATION PROJECT C

H. Federal, State and Local begins and follow the Secretary of the Both programs also require RADOCK Incentives Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation that the project be completed If you are interested in and Guidelines for Rehabilitating Historic within two years, unless it is pre- either or both of these Buildings found in Chapter II, Section E. approved as a phased project with programs, consult 1. Rehabilitation Tax Credits your accountant and/ H a timeline of ﬁve years or less. If you are undertaking a major VDHR reviews your entire project or attorney before ISTORIC rehabilitation of a historic building in including proposed changes to In addition to receiving approval from you begin your either a Virginia Landmark or National the exterior and interior as well the state and/or federal programs, project to determine if the credits may be Register Historic District, you may be as the design of any additions. it is still necessary to follow the D ILULÄJPHS[V`V\ eligible for certain tax credits. These process for local review as covered ISTRICT Qualifying project expenses under credits may be used to reduce your in Section B of this chapter. both the state and federal programs income tax liability dollar-for-dollar. include most approved work related to To be eligible for the tax credits under the rehabilitation of the building and D ESIGN either the state or federal program, associated architectural, engineering, you must ﬁle an application with project management and developer the Virginia Department of Historic fees. Additions and other new G Resources (VDHR) before the work construction are not eligible expenses. UIDELINES

These illustrations show front and side elevations for two of the house types built in Cradock, and their corresponding interior layout. 21 II. PLANNING YOUR PRESERVATION PROJECT

H. Federal, State and Local The owner investment required Unlike the Federal program For more information on to meet the state’s deﬁnition of described on the next page, the Virginia program, visit Incentives continued a material rehabilitation for an some site work may be counted the Virginia Department a. Virginia Program UIDELINES of Historic Resources Tax owner-occupied structure must be as a qualifying expense. The G Credits website at The State credit is 25% of at least 25% of the assessed value state income tax credits may be qualifying expenses for either of the building for local real estate carried forward for up to ten http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/ tax purposes in the previous year. years with no carryback. Once

ESIGN tax_credits_/tax_credit.htm owner-occupied or income- the project is complete and you D producing properties. For a For income-producing structures, have certiﬁed that it was carried property to qualify for the an investment of at least 50% of out as approved and received program, it must either be the assessed value of the building individually listed in the the credits, the property may

ISTRICT for local real estate tax purposes be sold without penalty.

D Virginia Landmarks Register, in the previous year is required. be deemed eligible for such listing, or contribute to a listed historic district. ISTORIC H RADOCK C

;OLZLPSS\Z[YH[PVUZZOV^[^VVM[OLSHYNLYZPUNSLMHTPS`OV\ZL[`WLZI\PS[PU*YHKVJR;OLPYÅVVYWSHUZZOV^[OLHYYHUNLTLU[VMYVVTZ 22 II. PLANNING YOUR PRESERVATION PROJECT C b. Federal Program RADOCK The Federal credit is 20% of qualifying expenses for

the rehabilitation of income- H

producing properties and requires ISTORIC that the property be listed on the National Register of Historic

Places either individually or D

as a contributing building in ISTRICT a listed historic district. As deﬁned by the National

Park Service, who oversees D this program, a substantial ESIGN rehabilitation requires an

investment in the building G

equal to or greater than the UIDELINES building’s purchase price minus the land value and any claimed depreciation, plus the value of any earlier capital improvements (adjusted basis). The Federal tax credits may be carried forward 20 years and carried back for one year. The Federal program requires that the owner of the building receiving the credits retains This house type, a variation of house type C1, replaces the portico with ownership for ﬁve years. a full width porch on the front of the house. House C1 is shown in the background for comparison.

For more information on the Federal program, visit the National Park Service’s Tax Incentives website at www.cr.nps.gov/hps/tps/tax/ incentives/index.htm 23 II. PLANNING YOUR PRESERVATION PROJECT

H. Federal, State and Local Incentives continued

UIDELINES 2. Local Incentives G a. Real Estate Tax Exemption According to Chapter 35: Article ESIGN III: Division 5 of the Portsmouth D City Code, owners of residential, commercial or industrial real estate having undergone a ISTRICT substantial rehabilitation D may qualify for a five-year exemption from the increase in This duplex in Cradock, seen here before rehabilitation, was a assessed value as determined PRHA-funded project. ISTORIC by the City Assessor. H A substantial rehabilitation b. Portsmouth Redevelopment Department of Housing and is defined as an increase in and Housing Authority Urban Development (HUD). value of at least 40% without (PRHA) Programs The first priority for the use of RADOCK

C increasing the structure’s A number of programs, including funds from the HOME REHAB A. square footage by more than low-cost loans and down payment program includes roofing, storm More information on this 15%. A qualifying building and closing cost assistance, are windows, doors, storm doors, and program is available through must be at least 40 years old. available for low/moderate income gutters, as well as appearance [OL9LHS,Z[H[L(ZZLZZVY»ZVMÄJL To be eligible to receive this homeowners through the PRHA. items such as painting, siding at (757) 393-8631 or online at and porches. A Certificate of exemption, it is necessary to file The HOME REHAB Loan Appropriateness is still necessary www.portsmouthva.gov/ an application within ten days Program is available to property for any work completed with assessor/ of applying for the necessary owners that have owned their funds from this program as are building permits for your project. home for at least one year, (See Call Box A to the left.) any necessary building permits. B. currently live in that home, and are in violation of at least one The HOMECARE Loan More information on these and housing code or standard. In Program is similar to the other programs is available addition, the applicant may have HOME REHAB program but by calling (757) 399-5261 or an income of no more than 80% is available only to qualifying at the PRHA’s website at of the median for the area as elderly or disabled homeowners. www.prha.org determined by the United States (See Call Box B to the left.) 24 C RADOCK HISTORIC D ISTRICT D ESIGN G UIDELINES I.G G IV. III. S S TRUCTURES ITE IEIE FOR FOR UIDELINES UIDELINES D ESIGN -E LEMENTS E XISTING This page intentionally left blank III. GUIDELINES FOR SITE DESIGN C

A. Introduction RADOCK

Site design is the relationship between a historic building and its site features, H

such as landscaping, outbuildings, and ISTORIC other elements within the property boundary. These site features help deﬁne the historic character of the property D

and may be considered an important ISTRICT part of any project reviewed by the Historic Preservation Commission. As you plan your project you will need This original rendering for a Cradock house D

to consult the Zoning Ordinance for type shows the ESIGN detailed requirements on many of the landscape envisioned site features discussed in this chapter. for the neighborhood. G

Cradock’s historic site character is deﬁned UIDELINES by the uniformity of the district’s small front yards and close spacing of houses next door to one another. Historic photographs of the district depict little original landscaping due to the small lot sizes, although the original house style renderings depict plantings that can be more closely associated with current conditions. Over time, modiﬁcations have been made to many of the lots including fenced backyards, concrete driveways and plantings. Mature site and street trees provide a picturesque setting for these Cradock houses, in keeping with the original intentions as illustrated above.

25 III. GUIDELINES FOR SITE DESIGN

B. Walkways and Driveways Guidelines 1 A walkway usually connects the Retain existing historic ribbon concrete driveways. UIDELINES sidewalk to the front porch of a

G Cradock house. A driveway often 2 Retain existing historic leads to the rear of a lot where it may concrete walkways. terminate at a garage or shed. 3 Replace damaged areas ESIGN

D with materials that match An older concrete walkway shown here illustrates warm tones and rough texture of the old concrete. Inappropriate Treatments the original paving in color, size, texture, and ﬁnish. 1 Do not place paved areas for 4

ISTRICT Locate shared driveways parking in the front yard. D between houses according 2 Avoid using large expanses of to historic examples. bright white or gray concrete 5 Ensure that new paving material surfaces or asphalt in visible areas. ISTORIC is compatible with the character Historic concrete has a warmer,

H of the district. The most brownish appearance with some historically appropriate material exposed aggregate. New surfaces for walkways and driveways should be formulated to match. in Cradock is concrete. RADOCK 3

C Do not demolish contributing 6 Use the same materials in both historic buildings for parking. walkways and driveways to Side-by-side ribbon driveways dominate the side yards of these Afton Parkway provide a uniform appearance dwellings. The garage to the right echoes the materials and roof pitch of the accompanying house. and continuity of design.

26 III. GUIDELINES FOR SITE DESIGN C

C. Sheds and Garages Guidelines RADOCK 1 Due to the time period in which Retain and repair historic outbuildings following the

Cradock was developed, outbuildings H were not part of the original plan. Guidelines for Existing Structures ISTORIC It was envisioned that a streetcar found in Chapter IV. line would provide service to the 2 Place new outbuildings to the rear naval yard and that individual of lots that are large enough to D transportation would not be necessary. accommodate them, following the ISTRICT applicable zoning requirements Through time small garages and as found in Chapter II. sheds have been added near the rear 3 Design new outbuildings to be lot lines, connected to the street most D compatible with the style and often by ribbon concrete driveways that ESIGN character of the primary building occupy the entire side yard of the lot. on the site, especially in scale,

materials, and roof slope. For G

Inappropriate Treatments UIDELINES more information on appropriate Sheds and garages should be located to the rear of lots in Cradock. 1 Do not tear down existing new construction, see Chapter V. historic outbuildings. 2 Do not place prefabricated outbuildings where they are visible from the street. 3 Do not construct new outbuildings that are out of scale with the lot and house.

Not original elements of the Cradock neighborhood, a variety of outbuildings have been added over the years. 27 III. GUIDELINES FOR SITE DESIGN

D. Plantings and Trees Guidelines 1 Like the placement of a structure on its Retain existing trees and plants that help deﬁne the district’s UIDELINES site, the character of the landscape and

G accompanying plantings contribute to character. Mature trees and other the identity of the historic district. By plantings can also help to shade virtue of its original compact design, the house or protect it from wind. ESIGN 2 Replace diseased or dead plants

D many Cradock lots allow limited space for ornamental plantings in either the and trees with indigenous species. front or side yards. However, over 3 Repeat the dominant landscape the years, a number of houses in the design (plant, size, and species) ISTRICT district have added a variety plantings. found in Cradock when D installing new plantings. Street trees in planting strips, between 4 the front of the house lots and the street, Use new plants that, when

ISTORIC provide a uniﬁed planting scheme for mature, will not be too large for Crepe myrtle street trees line the sidewalk while small foundation plantings the small lots of Cradock. Many H accentuate the foundation of this Cradock house. the Cradock neighborhood. Planted medians on Afton and Prospect parkways common plants are available in accentuate these main thoroughfares dwarf varieties that may be more appropriate to the lot size than

RADOCK and the houses that face onto them.

C their full-size counterparts. 5 Inappropriate Treatments Identify and take care to protect signiﬁcant existing 1 Avoid planting large trees or trees and other plantings when large planting areas in the small constructing new buildings. front yard section of the lot. 2 Do not allow foundation plantings to grow out of scale with existing front porches. 3 Do not park vehicles in the front yard area. 4 Do not replace grass in front yards with paving or gravel.

Mature street and site trees are accentuated by consistent foundation plantings in 28 this illustration of a Cradock street view. III. GUIDELINES FOR SITE DESIGN C

Guidelines A privacy fence, RADOCK E. Fences painted to coordinate 1 Retain any existing historic fences. with the white trim Historically, Cradock house lots did of the accompanying Wood fences, especially picket house, provides an not have fencing. This is still the H appropriate method predominant condition and, in particular, fences, are the most appropriate fences for the historic district. of screening the ISTORIC fenced front yards are not appropriate backyard of this lot. in the district. Many rear yards have 2 Repair existing historic fences been fenced with either chain link or and walls by salvaging original D wooden fencing. In general, fence parts or materials for a prominent ISTRICT materials should relate to the original location from a less prominent materials used on the structures and location, when possible. those styles available at the time the 3 Replace existing historic fences houses in the district were constructed. by matching the material, D ESIGN height, and detail. If this is not Inappropriate Treatments possible, use a simpliﬁed design The open appearance of similar materials and height. of connecting grass G

1 Do not exceed the average front lawns should be UIDELINES 4 Relate fence materials to those height of other fences and walls maintained. Where used elsewhere on the property a fenced yard is of surrounding properties with and on the structure. Painted necessary, fence the the height of the new fence rear yard starting at the wood picket fences are the most rear wall of the house or wall. Fences should also appropriate choice in Cradock. as shown here. conform to zoning regulations. 5 Relate the scale and detail of the 2 Do not use chain link, vinyl, design of any new fences to the scale split rail fences or concrete and detail of the historic building. block walls where visible Simpler and smaller designs are from public rights-of-way. most appropriate in Cradock. 3 Do not use solid masonry walls that visually enclose the property from surrounding more open neighboring sites. 4 Do not use unpainted wood fences in the historic district. 5 Do not fence front yards.

Picket - Decorative Picket - Plain Privacy Fence

These fence types are appropriate as rear yard enclosures for Cradock. 29 III. GUIDELINES FOR SITE DESIGN

F. Lighting Guidelines While Cradock houses were advertised 1 Retain historic light ﬁxtures. as electriﬁed, exterior lighting appears 2 UIDELINES Repair and refurbish historic

G to be minimal. Currently small fixtures light fixtures when possible. are attached to either the wall adjacent 3 Replace a historic light fixture only to the front door or on the porch ceiling when parts for the existing fixture ESIGN to provide illumination for the entry.

D can no longer be found or replicated. 4 Use ﬁxtures that are compatible Inappropriate Treatment with the character of the historic

ISTRICT Pole-mounted light fixtures building and the surrounding D and series of small fixtures area. Appropriate fixture styles lining the walkway or driveway for Cradock include those from the are not appropriate. Colonial Revival and Craftsman eras.

ISTORIC 5 Choose light levels that provide

H for adequate safety but do not overly emphasize the residential ;OLZ[`SLHUKZJHSLVM[OPZV]LYOLHKZ\YMHJLTV\U[LKSPNO[Ä_[\YL site or building. Often, existing are appropriate to the Colonial Revival details of this house. porch lights may be sufﬁcient. RADOCK C

(ZTHSSJHYYPHNLSHTWZ[`SLÄ_[\YLJHUIL\ZLKLP[OLYZPUN\SHYS`VYHZHIHSHUJLK 30 pair as depicted above. III. GUIDELINES FOR SITE DESIGN C

G. Mechanical and Utilities Guidelines RADOCK Screening security light 1 Place site appurtenances, such Site appurtenances, such as overhead as certain mechanical units, wires, fuel tanks, utility poles and meters, in inconspicuous areas on the electrical box H antennae and satellite dishes, exterior rear of the building and screen ISTORIC mechanical unit mechanical units, and trash containers, with appropriate plantings or are a necessary part of contemporary fencing. Allow for appropriate life. The placement of these items can air-ﬂow to these units. D ISTRICT either have a neutral impact on the 2 Consider placing overhead utilities satellite dish character of the site and structure or underground wherever possible. detract from their historic appearance. 3 Place antennae and satellite dishes D Site features fall into two categories; on inconspicuous rooftop locations. ESIGN those features that can be controlled by 4 Store trash containers in locations trash receptacles the property owner – antennae, satellite not visible from public rights-of-way. dishes, mechanical units, trash containers, G etc.; and those that cannot – UIDELINES By placing as many appurtenances as possible out of sight, the historic overhead wires, utility poles, etc. appearance of the site and the district is maintained.

Inappropriate Treatments 1 Avoid placing satellite dishes on roof areas or on porch roofs visible from public rights-of-way. 2 Avoid placing miscellaneous site objects, such as trash containers, in front yard locations.

31 III. GUIDELINES FOR SITE DESIGN

H. Accessibility Guidelines Access ramps are sometimes a necessity 1 Locate access at a well-deﬁned for residents of an older house that entrance to the building and where UIDELINES does not have an at-grade entrance.

G providing that access will not cause These ramps can often be added to permanent damage to character- historic buildings in a design that defining features of the building. ESIGN relates well to a historic porch and 2 Design wheelchair ramps to D without substantially altering significant have the least visual effect on features of the historic building. the building and setting. Prior to construction of a ramp, you 3 Construct ramps using materials ISTRICT compatible with existing D should seek advice from the Planning Staff in the Department of Planning. materials on the building. This office may be able to direct you 4 Ensure that any solution is to professionals that have experience

ISTORIC reversible; that it may be built, in designing accessibility solutions. used, and removed without H permanent damage to the historic These guidelines are simply Historic porch designs in Cradock may be altered to accommodate features of the building. accessible ramps. recommendations. The City of 5 Retain and preserve historic RADOCK Portsmouth is prohibited from C reviewing wheelchair ramps for elements, such as porch railings, the purpose of design/historic so that these original features preservation by the Code of Virginia. may be restored to the structure when a ramp is removed.

32 C RADOCK HISTORIC D ISTRICT D ESIGN G UIDELINES V G IV. S TRUCTURES IEIE FOR UIDELINES :E LEMENTS E XISTING This page intentionally left blank IV. GUIDELINES FOR EXISTING STRUCTURES:ELEMENTS C

A. Introduction It is the responsibility of the Historic RADOCK Preservation Commission (HPC) to The decisions you make regarding the evaluate the appropriateness of changes proposed to the exterior of your rehabilitation of your property have a H direct impact on Cradock’s distinctive building for architectural compatibility. ISTORIC historic architecture and the character Chapter I: Cradock: History and of the historic district. By making Architecture: Cradock House Types reviews appropriate choices, you can help the defining characteristics of the most D to clearly convey the history of the common building styles in Cradock. ISTRICT district to both residents and visitors. This chapter discusses the elements In addition, you may find that there is an that comprise your historic building. economic benefit for the neighborhood It is followed by Chapter V: Guidelines D when a majority of property owners for Existing Structures: Materials. By ESIGN undertake successful and sensitive reading these chapters together, you rehabilitation projects. These benefits will have the tools necessary to plan a thoughtful rehabilitation project. The G may include state rehabilitation tax This well-maintained Cradock house retains its original appearance with historic UIDELINES credits (see Chapter II: Planning Your actual guidelines are numbered and six-over-six wooden windows and trim, wood siding, front door and sidelights, Preservation Project: Federal, State, and arranged in a hierarchy progressing and porch columns. Local Incentives for more information) from retain, to repair, to replace. and increases in property values. Included with the guidelines are links to the appropriate Preservation Brief(s) as well as information on maintenance and inappropriate treatments.

33 IV. GUIDELINES FOR EXISTING STRUCTURES:ELEMENTS

Preservation Brief #39: B. Foundations Maintenance Holding the Line: Controlling A foundation forms the base of a 1 Ensure that land is graded so Unwanted Moisture in that water ﬂows away from the UIDELINES Historic Buildings building. Houses in Cradock are built

G either on a brick foundation or concrete foundation and, if necessary, install www.nps.gov/history/hps/ slab. Concrete may also form the drains around the foundation. tps/briefs/brief39.htm porch or portico ﬂoor and steps. For 2 Remove any vegetation that may ESIGN

D more information on maintenance, cause structural disturbances repair, and proper cleaning of brick at the foundation. and mortar and concrete, please refer 3 Keep any foundation vents to Chapter V: Guidelines for Existing ISTRICT open so that air ﬂows freely. Gently sloping the ground away from the Structures: Materials: Masonry. foundation will prevent water from collecting D near the house. Inappropriate Treatments 1 ISTORIC Do not cover the foundation with wall cladding materials H such as replacement siding. Where present, foundation vents should be kept free from vegetation to allow air 2 Do not paint unpainted brick. to circulate under the house. RADOCK

C Guidelines 1 Retain any decorative vents that are original to the building. 2 Repair and replace deteriorated foundation materials such as brick and mortar, matching Make sure that the installation of replacement siding does not extend to the existing historic materials ground, covering the foundation. as closely as possible.

34 IV. GUIDELINES FOR EXISTING STRUCTURES:ELEMENTS C

Gable roofs are a character- RADOCK KLÄUPUNMLH[\YLVM*YHKVJR houses. By design, the gentle slope allowed for maximum interior space while conveying a sense of H

cottage scale - considered a ISTORIC very desirable attribute at the time of construction. D ISTRICT

Asbestos-cement

C. Roofs Maintenance D shingles were the 1 Asbestos-Cement Shingles original roof material ESIGN One of the most important elements in Cradock. The of a structure, the roof serves as the Invented in Europe in 1900, a diamond-shape seen “cover” to protect the building from U.S. patent for asbestos-cement here was a very G

popular pattern in the UIDELINES the elements. Good roof maintenance shingles was issued in 1907. This early twentieth century. is absolutely critical for the roof’s material quickly became a popular preservation and for the preservation and affordable substitute for slate, of the rest of the structure. wood and clay tiles, and was used for new and existing construction A majority of roofs in the historic projects. Often identiﬁed by their Asbestos district are covered in asphalt shingles shingles were hexagonal, honeycomb or diamond while others are covered in 5V crimp also available pattern, these shingles were in a pattern that or standing-seam metal or in rare cases manufactured until the 1980s. more closely the original asbestos-cement shingles. resembled slate As they age, these shingles can shingles as pictured here. become very brittle. A professional roofer who works with slate should be called for minor repairs. Replacement shingles suppliers may be found on the internet. Before beginning any project involving this material please refer to Chapter II: Planning Your Preservation Project: Health and Safety Considerations for more information. Longevity: 50-85 years. 35 IV. GUIDELINES FOR EXISTING STRUCTURES:ELEMENTS

C. Roofs continued 2 Asphalt Shingles

UIDELINES First produced in 1903 as G individual shingles cut from asphalt roll rooﬁng, these shingles

ESIGN were given a stone surface.

D By 1906, the multi-tab strip shingle was being marketed. By World War I, a number

ISTRICT of factors, including its use of

D non-strategic materials, ease of transportation, ﬁre retardant properties and lower costs, combined

ISTORIC This newer asphalt shingle roof is an appropriate substitute for the original to increase its market share.

H asbestos shingle roofs in Cradock. Its dark color and uniform appearance are in keeping with the original character of the district. Ceramic granules have replaced the original crushed stone, and ﬁberglass mats have replaced

RADOCK felt underlayment to improve C this product’s durability. Spring and Fall are good times to clear your asphalt roof of Preservation Brief #04: debris build-up, and reattach 9VVÄUNMVY/PZ[VYPJ)\PSKPUNZ loose shingles. Adhere loose shingles with a small amount of www.nps.gov/history/hps/tps/ roof cement. Replace damaged briefs/brief04.htm shingles. Longevity: 15-50 years depending on quality/warranty.

36 IV. GUIDELINES FOR EXISTING STRUCTURES:ELEMENTS C RADOCK H ISTORIC D ISTRICT D ESIGN

5V crimp, originally available in either galvanized or terne metal, was an early economical This standing-seam metal roof is fashioned of G replacement material for Cradock roofs. It is available today and can be purchased pre-painted. [LYULTL[HSZOLL[Z;OLÅH[OVYPaVU[HSZLHTZ UIDELINES which join the terne sheets are visible in this image.

3 Galvanized Metal 4 Terne 5 Prepainted Terne The process for galvanizing or The French word for dull, it was Modern terne must be painted to coating iron or steel with zinc used to describe lead-coated ensure its life expectancy. This was patented in 1839; however, it tin-plate patented in 1831. Less product also comes prepainted was not until the early twentieth expensive than tin-plated iron, it from the factory in 5V crimp, century that the costs associated became twice as popular by the shingles, and standing-seam with its production were reduced end of the nineteenth century metal reducing later maintenance to a sufﬁcient level for it to become and was fashioned into shingles, issues. Certain suppliers offer a more economical than tin or terne. sheets, 5V crimp, and standing- color palette that approximates To prevent galvanized metal from seam applications. A zinc-tin a historic appearance rather than rusting, it is necessary to keep it alloy on a steel substrate has now shiny coatings. This product, well-painted. Use a primer and replaced the lead-coated tinplate. correctly installed, is virtually paint of good quality and that are The best maintenance is to make maintenance-free. Longevity: specially formulated for use on sure that any bare metal is primed Finish is warranteed for 30 years. galvanized metal to achieve the with an iron-oxide primer and best results. Longevity: 50+ years. painted with a linseed-oil ﬁnish coat. Longevity: 30+ years. 37 IV. GUIDELINES FOR EXISTING STRUCTURES:ELEMENTS

C. Roofs continued Inappropriate Treatments Guidelines 6 Terne-Coated Stainless 1 Do not add dormers if not a 1 Retain original or early roof part of the original design. materials, such as asbestos UIDELINES This relatively new material consists

G shingle, 5V crimp, or standing- of stainless steel to which a zinc- 2 Slate and copper are not appropriate seam metal, whenever possible. tin alloy has been applied. This roof materials in Cradock. 2 Preserve the original roof shape. ESIGN product does not need painting 3 Do not connect individual dormers

D and can be worked in a manner to form one larger continuous 3 Retain architectural to approximate historic standing- dormer on the front of the house. features including dormers, seam metal roof proﬁles. Keep cornices, and chimneys. the roof clear of debris and rinse ISTRICT 4 Repair of roof materials and

D annually. Longevity: 50-100 years. elements should be made in-kind 7 Elastomeric Roof Coatings with materials that duplicate These products can extend the life the original materials. ISTORIC expectancy of a metal or built-up 5 Replace when necessary using new H roof by reducing the roof’s surface material that matches the original temperature and the harmful effects roof covering in composition, of solar radiation. These products size, shape, color, and texture. RADOCK should not be used to repair leaks.

C 6 Use asphalt or metal shingles, 5V Leaks should be repaired using crimp, or standing-seam metal the original roofing material, as a replacement for original roofing cement and reinforcing asbestos shingle. These are all fabric. When used, an elastomeric materials that were available at coating should either match the the time Cradock houses were paint color of the roof or a clear constructed. See the Maintenance coating should be used with a matte section on the preceding pages for finish. Longevity: 3-7 years. This roof retains its original trim and background on these materials. dormer. The original asbestos shingle roof has been replaced with asphalt shingles that approximates the visual qualities of the historic material.

38 IV. GUIDELINES FOR EXISTING STRUCTURES:ELEMENTS C

D. Gutters Guidelines RADOCK 1 Gutters and downspouts provide a path Retain existing metal gutters and downspouts. They should not be to direct water away from your building H and its foundation. The shape, size and removed from the structure. ISTORIC materials of gutters and downspouts 2 Repair existing gutters and may contribute to or detract from the downspouts, and provide half round gutterogee gutter square gutter historic character of your building. ongoing maintenance to D prevent their deterioration. Many Cradock houses do not currently ISTRICT have gutters and downspouts installed 3 Replace gutters and downspouts and these items may not have been according to the illustrations part of the original design of these provided. In most instances, the D houses. The illustrations in this historic profile of the gutter is a ESIGN section show the proper placement half-round rather than an ogee, of gutters and downspouts on a “k,” square, or rectangular shape. G typical Cradock house style. 4 Make certain new metal gutters UIDELINES and downspouts are of the Maintenance appropriate size and scale. Some types are finished with an Check and clean gutters on a regular enamel or baked-on coating. schedule to avoid clogging which 5 Ensure that the finish color is can lead to moisture damage. Gutters should be placed compatible with the overall partially underneath the roof color scheme for the building. edge to be most effective. Inappropriate Treatment Avoid the removal of historic fabric from the building when installing gutters and downspouts.

The gutter and downspout are painted to blend Proper gutter placement, as in with the house color as not to detract from shown in this example, can help the overall appearance of the structure. prevent moisture problems. 39 IV. GUIDELINES FOR EXISTING STRUCTURES:ELEMENTS

E. Windows and second levels of Cradock houses b. The ﬁrst growth wood, were originally six-over-six double-hung from which many original Windows add light to the interior of a wooden sash. This means that there were windows are fabricated, has

UIDELINES building, provide ventilation, and allow six window panes in the upper frame dense growth rings that may

G a visual link to the outside. The window and six in the lower and that each frame provide for better resistance sash, framing, and architectural detail could be raised or lowered independently. to water and insect damage. surrounding the window play a major part ESIGN Dormer windows were either a c. Properly restored and cared-for

D in deﬁning the style, scale and character smaller version of the six-over- wooden windows should last of a building. Original windows in six sash or a single sash with nine another 100 years before full Cradock houses are illustrated later in this panes which opened from a side- restoration is needed again. section and in Chapter I: Cradock: History

ISTRICT hinge. These windows are commonly and Architecture: Cradock House Types. D referred to as casement windows. 2. Energy Conservation and Since all Cradock houses were constructed Heat Loss Prior to any replacement of windows, according to similar plans and within a a survey of existing window conditions Historic elements, such as plantings, ISTORIC deﬁned time period, there is less variation is recommended. By noting the porches, transoms, shutters,

H in style than may be found in most number of windows, whether each cupolas, and awnings, play a role neighborhoods. Windows on the ﬁrst window is original or replaced, the in energy conservation and should material, type, hardware and ﬁnish, be retained and maintained. RADOCK the condition of the frame, sash, sill, By understanding the way in which C ELEMENTS OF A DOUBLE-HUNG WINDOW putty, and panes, you may be able your house loses heat, you may be able to more clearly gauge the extent of to reduce your energy costs without a frame rehabilitation or replacement necessary. large investment of time or money.

muntin Representative photographs showing Listed below are a number of projects condition should be submitted to reduce heat loss that can easily be light/pane with your COA application so that completed by most homeowners and upper sash the Planning Staff can gain a clear result in signiﬁcant energy savings. picture of your project scope. meeting rail a. Insulation

stile /PZ[VY`HUK)LULÄ[ZVM/PZ[VYPJ Most heat loss occurs through Wooden Windows the attic, not through windows. lower sash a. Double-hung windows, the Adding 3.5 inches of insulation rail first form of air conditioning, to the attic has three times the sill date back to the 1400s. impact of replacing single-pane windows with the most energy- 40 efficient replacement windows. IV. GUIDELINES FOR EXISTING STRUCTURES:ELEMENTS C b. Weatherstripping e. Storm Windows Storm windows made for RADOCK Heavy solid wood doors are Storm windows and doors can interior use are more energy Preservation Brief #03: good insulators if they fit tightly save energy and provide increased efficient than exterior storm Conserving Energy in windows. Choose models with: and are weatherized. Install comfort by reducing air leakage. Historic Buildings H

weatherstripping of spring Storm windows also provide an i. no mullions, muntins or www.nps.gov/history/hps/ ISTORIC bronze, felt, or new vinyl beading insulating air space between the wide frames visible from the tps/briefs/brief03.htm around the edges of the doorway. storm and primary window. exterior of the building,

Metal strips/plastic spring A well-maintained original ii. clear glass or other D

strips can be installed on wooden window with an transparent material, ISTRICT rails, and when space allows, exterior storm window may iii. airtight gaskets, and between sash and jamb. provide as good, if not better, iv. ventilation holes and/or

insulation than a double-paned removable clips to ensure D c. Sash Locks new window. A Certiﬁcate proper maintenance and ESIGN Install on meeting rail to of Appropriateness (COA) avoid condensation. assure a tight ﬁt between is required for installation upper and lower sashes. of exterior storm windows. G UIDELINES When choosing an exterior Through ducts and d. Caulking and Putty ÄYLWSHJLZ! storm window, follow the 20-30% i. Caulk joints/seams guidelines later in this section. Keep dampers closed around the edges of and repair leaks in ducts. window frames to avoid moisture penetration. ii. Replace deteriorated glazing ;OYV\NO[OLYVVM! putty and repaint to create 30-40% a weathertight seal. Add insulation.

;OYV\NO[OL^HSSZ! 20-30% Add wall insulation.

;OYV\NO[OL^PUKV^! 10-15% Add storm windows.

This graphic shows the percentage range of heat ;OYV\NO[OLNHWZHYV\UKKVVYZ! ;OYV\NO[OLÅVVY! loss in different areas of your house with general 10-15% 10-15% suggestions to reduce that loss. Add weatherstripping. Insulate crawl space. 41 IV. GUIDELINES FOR EXISTING STRUCTURES:ELEMENTS

E. Windows continued Window replacement means Single-seal replacement windows replacing both the frames and may fail in two to six years. the sash. Sash replacement Jamb-liners for tilt-in windows 3. Replacement Window UIDELINES means replacing just the movable often fail in six to ten years. Fact Sheet G parts of the window and may PVC/vinyl is toxic, can’t be a less costly alternative to a. Background Information be recycled, and may full window replacement.

ESIGN You should ﬁgure that only last 16-18 years.

D Thirty percent of windows approximately 36% of your total Metal clad wood (especially being replaced each year are energy cost comes from heating ﬁnger-jointed) may trap less than 10 years old. your home, according to the moisture, leading to rot. U.S. Department of Energy. By

ISTRICT Some replacement windows must

D ﬁguring out what your actual be fully replaced if any part heating costs are, you can more fails due to modern construction accurately assess the cost savings techniques and materials. and payback associated with ISTORIC the purchase of storm windows H or replacement windows. RADOCK C SSPUNZ^VVK

U-Value U-Value U-Value U-Value .50 .58 .35 .35

Existing single-pane Replacement of existing Replacement of existing Replacement of existing wooden window with single-pane historic wooden single-pane historic wooden single-pane historic wooden storm window window with double-pane window with double-pane window and storm window thermal window window with low-e glass with double-pane window with low-e glass $0 for existing window $450 for new window$550 for new window $550 for new window This graphic compares the and $50 for storm expenditure and the energy Annual savings per Annual savings per Annual savings per Annual savings per savings for typical new window: $13.20 window: $11.07 window: $16.10 window: $2.29 windows versus keeping your existing windows and adding Payback on investment: Payback on investment: Payback on investment: Payback on investment: 42 4.5 years 40.5 years 34 years 240 years an inexpensive storm window. *YLKP[!7YV\K5LPNOIVYZVM*VSSPUNZ^VVK5L^1LYZL`HUK[OL*V Commission Preservation Historic IV. GUIDELINES FOR EXISTING STRUCTURES:ELEMENTS C b. Common Terms iii. Low-E Glass: This replacement window does RADOCK UV[Ä[[OLOPZ[VYPJ^PUKV^ The glass of choice for many i. U-Value: opening nor does it convey replacement windows, low-e the historic number of window Many homeowners are panes. The original wooden glass, has a metal or metallic H familiar with R-value as window trim appears to have

coating that reduces the heat been covered in vinyl which ISTORIC applied to home insulation. transfer between inside and may trap moisture and lead to The higher the R-value, the outside without noticeably future maintenance issues. more insulating properties diminishing the light of the material. When D

coming into the building. ISTRICT considering the U-value of a replacement window, c. What Does All This Mean? the energy savings result The most cost-effective method from the lowest available to reducing your heating costs, D number – just the and the method that you are ESIGN opposite of insulation. most likely to see a payback from These replacement windows The illustration on the during your ownership of the represent the historic number G preceding page shows property, is to add storm windows of panes but do not convey UIDELINES the relative U-value of to your existing wooden single- the same three-dimensional qualities as the original historic wooden windows pane windows. You may also window, due to the false with storm windows, want to look at a more efﬁcient ÅH[T\U[PUIHYZ0[HSZV boiler/heat pump/furnace as well appears that the original as well as a number of wooden window frame has replacement options. as insulating your attic space. been removed or covered by As shown in the chart on the replacement siding. ii. Double-Pane previous page, the payback time Thermal Window: for replacement windows is in An example of an A window that is glazed the 30-40 year range. Many of inappropriate treatment, this ^PUKV^^HZUV[ZPaLK[VÄ[ with two layers of glass, the replacement windows being separated by an air gap the existing opening which manufactured today do not have ^HZ[OLUÄSSLKPU^P[OH that may or may not be warranties beyond 20 years. painted board. ﬁlled with argon gas, may further reduce heat transfer.

43 IV. GUIDELINES FOR EXISTING STRUCTURES:ELEMENTS

E. Windows continued Inappropriate Treatments 1 Do not install replacement windows Maintenance that do not ﬁt the opening. UIDELINES

G 2 1 Ensure that all hardware is in Do not use materials or ﬁnishes that good operating condition. radically change the sash, depth of reveal, muntin conﬁguration, ESIGN 2 Ensure that caulk and glazing

D reﬂective quality of color of glazing, putty are intact and that or the appearance of frame. water drains off the sills. 3 Avoid using clip-in/false 3 See Energy Conservation and Heat

ISTRICT muntins and removable internal Loss on the previous pages for D grilles as they do not present Through-the-wall dormers are a Colonial Revival architectural element steps to take to improve the a historic appearance. with their characteristic six-over-six windows. performance of existing windows. 4 Do not change the number, ISTORIC location, size, or glazing pattern

H on the primary elevation(s) visible from the street. 5 Do not install horizontal, RADOCK picture, round or octagonal C windows not appropriate to the architectural style of house. 6 Avoid cutting new opening(s). 7 Do not block in existing windows. 8 Avoid covering or obscuring wood These original six-over-six double-hung wooden sash windows with their sills and exterior frames during the VYPNPUHS[YPTHYLHUPTWVY[HU[JOHYHJ[LYKLÄUPUNMLH[\YLVM[OLOV\ZLHUK should continue to be preserved. installation of replacement siding. 9 Do not use muntins for storm windows. Preservation Brief #09: 10 Do not use raw metal ﬁnishes. The Repair of Historic Wooden Windows www.nps.gov/history/hps/ 44 tps/briefs/brief09.htm IV. GUIDELINES FOR EXISTING STRUCTURES:ELEMENTS C

Guidelines b. Size exterior storm windows to RADOCK fit tightly within the existing STORM WINDOW MATERIALS 1 Retain and preserve windows window openings without the Wood Aluminum that contribute to the overall need for a subframe or panning (a a. Insulates better than metal a. Lighter weight than wood H historic character of a building, filler panel) around the perimeter. including their functional and b. Can be painted to match b. Integrated glass and screen ISTORIC decorative features such as c. Match the color of the trim panels frame with the color of the frames, sash, muntins, sills, c. Easily repaired c. Should be prepainted to trim, surrounds, and shutters. primary window frame. match the color of the D d. Available with glass and ISTRICT 2 window frame Retain the glass if the window is no d. Use only clear glass. screen inserts longer needed, and screen or shutter the backside so that it appears e. Set storm sash as far back from the outside to be in use. from the plane of the exterior D wall surface as practicable. ESIGN 3 Repair original windows by 7 patching, splicing, consolidating Replace only those features of the or otherwise reinforcing. Wood window that are beyond repair. G ELEMENTS OF A STORM WINDOW UIDELINES that appears to be in bad condition 8 Replace entire windows only when because of peeling paint or they are missing or beyond repair. separated joints often can, in fact, 9 Consolidate original windows be repaired rather than replaced. on the most visible side(s) of the 4 Uncover and repair covered-up house. If a window on the front windows and reinstall windows of the house must be replaced and with their original dimensions an original window of the same where they have been blocked in. style and size is identified on a Interchangeable storm or screen panels 5 Use interior storm windows secondary elevation, place the if possible. historic window in the window opening on the primary facade. Wood frame that aligns 6 Exterior aluminum storm with rails and stiles of windows, if used, should meet main window the following criteria: a. Match divisions to sash lines of the original windows. Use meeting rails only in conjunction with double-hung windows, and place them in the same relative location as in the primary sash. 45 IV. GUIDELINES FOR EXISTING STRUCTURES:ELEMENTS

E. Windows continued b. 7HUL*VUÄN\YH[PVU d. Materials i. Maintain the original number i. Replace a wood window 10 Retain existing wood window and arrangement of panes. with a wood window frames when replacing windows. UIDELINES ii. Give depth and proﬁle to when possible.

G This reduces damage to the interior windows by using true ii. In Cradock, you may and exterior historic materials. Use divided lights, or three- consider using wood-resin sash replacements where wood

ESIGN part simulated divided composite, aluminium- or windows are badly deteriorated. D lights with integral spacer vinyl-clad wood, ﬁberglass By placing a track and a bars and interior and or vinyl windows that new sash in the old frame, exterior ﬁxed muntins. meet these guidelines. no trim is removed so ISTRICT However, make sure you

D there is no need to repaint c. Detailing understand the limitations woodwork or adjacent walls. Small variations, such as the width of some of these newer 11 Replace the unit in-kind, if and depth of the muntins and products as discussed

ISTORIC replacement of a deteriorated sash, may be permitted if those earlier in this section. variations do not signiﬁcantly H window is necessary, iii. Use translucent or by matching the: impact the historic characteristics low-e glass. of the window design. 12 Base reconstruction of missing ELEMENTS OF A THREE-PART a. Design and Dimension SIMULATED DIVIDED LIGHT RADOCK Finish windows in a windows on old photographs WINDOW

C of the Original Sash historically appropriate and drawings and similar i. Maintain the original size paint color. examples in the neighborhood. and shape of windows. Thin sash frames rarely maintain the overall appearance of historic sash. L_[LYPVYÄ_LK muntin ii. Fit full window replacements to the height and width integral spacing bar of the original openings. iii. Retain the appearance of PU[LYPVYÄ_LKT\U[PU a double-hung window whether one or both sashes are operable. The three-part construction illustrated iv. Do not reduce the at the right uses a spacer bar between glass surface area. [^VSH`LYZVMNSHZZ^P[OÄ_LKT\U[PUZ to approximate the depth and overall 46 appearance of a traditional single- pane wooden window. IV. GUIDELINES FOR EXISTING STRUCTURES:ELEMENTS C RADOCK H ISTORIC D ISTRICT D ESIGN

This pair of board-and-batten shutters are Properly mounted shutters have upper and lower When shutters are properly sized they cover

properly sized, installed on their hinges, and hinges and are kept open with shutter dogs. [OL^PUKV^HUKÄ[JSVZLS`^P[OPU[OLMYHTL G kept open with shutter dogs. when closed. UIDELINES

F. Shutters Inappropriate Treatments 3 Replace shutters that are beyond repair in-kind according 1 Do not use vinyl and aluminum Shutters originally functioned as a to the following criteria: means to control the amount of light shutters or exterior blinds and air entering a structure, as well as for any historic structure. a. Shutters should be constructed providing privacy and protection from 2 Avoid shutters on multiple of wood or a composite the elements. Operational shutters can or bay windows. material that retains the characteristics of wood and is work with double-hung sash windows 3 Do not nail, screw, or permanently able to be sawn and painted. to provide you with a variety of options secure a shutter open and for controlling the interior temperature eliminate its hardware. b. Shutters should be sized to of your home without air conditioning. ﬁt the window opening and result in the covering of the Shutters in the Cradock Historic Guidelines window opening when closed. District were originally paneled or 1 louvered and hinged to the window Retain original shutters c. Mount shutters on hinges to frames. Most homes no longer have and hardware. give them the appearance their original shutters, and replacement 2 Repair existing historic shutters of being operable. shutters are rarely operational. following the guidelines for wood d. Replace original hardware found in Chapter V: Guidelines for with non-rusting metal Existing Structures: Materials. in the same design. 47 IV. GUIDELINES FOR EXISTING STRUCTURES:ELEMENTS

ELEMENTS OF A DOOR G. Doors Inappropriate Treatments

The front door of a house deﬁnes public 1 Do not use generic or “stock”

UIDELINES from private space. It also provides doors with details that provide a

G rail security for the inhabitants and is a false sense of historical accuracy. muntin necessary element in providing natural 2 Do not replace original trim with rail ventilation, through cross-breezes,

ESIGN trim that conveys a different

D stile to aid in the cooling of the house. period, style, or theme. casing A standard door style was chosen panel for Cradock houses to complement Guidelines ISTRICT and complete the overall character 1 Retain and repair existing historic D frame of these historic facades as shown in or original wooden door(s) and threshold the accompanying photo. Over time, surrounding wood trim. many of these original doors have been 2 ISTORIC replaced, detracting from the character Replace historic doors that are beyond repair with a new or H that deﬁnes the historic district. salvaged door(s) of the same size, design, material and type as used originally, or sympathetic to the RADOCK

C building style, including number and orientation of panels and location and size of any glass. 3 A storm door, if used, should meet the following guidelines:

a. Construct storm doors of wood or a composite material that can be sawn and painted.

b. Relate openings for screen or glass panels to the proportions of the door.

c. Use the same overall Wooden doors with six glass panes over dimensions for the storm A glass panel storm door should be large two vertical wooden recessed panels were door as the existing door. 48 enough to reveal the basic panel design of the standard original front and back doors the door beyond. in Cradock. IV. GUIDELINES FOR EXISTING STRUCTURES:ELEMENTS C

H. Porches Although there are a limited number Guidelines RADOCK of house designs in Cradock, the 1 Entrances, porticos and porches are quite variety in streetfront appearance is Retain porches that are critical increased by the choice of porch on each to deﬁning the design and often the focus of historic buildings, H structure. The illustration below shows integrity of the historic district.

particularly when they occur on primary ISTORIC elevations. Together with their functional original porch and portico designs. 2 Repair and replace damaged and decorative features such as doors, elements of porches by matching steps, and railings, they can be extremely Inappropriate Treatments the materials, methods of D construction, and details of important in deﬁning the overall ISTRICT 1 Avoid stripping porches and historic character style of a building. the existing original fabric. steps of original materials and Porches have traditionally been a social architectural features such as 3 Keep porches open to provide gathering place as well as a transitional handrails, balusters, and columns. shade and reduce heat gain D area between the interior and exterior. during warm weather. ESIGN 2 Do not enclose porches on Most Cradock houses originally had either primary elevations. a front or side porch. Not only did these 3 Avoid enclosing porches on G porches increase the available square UIDELINES footage for the residence, but they also secondary elevations in a provided shelter from the weather and its manner that radically changes effects on the comfort of the inhabitants. the historic appearance.

Cradock’s distinctive porch types are a prominent architectural feature of the houses and should be retained.

49 IV. GUIDELINES FOR EXISTING STRUCTURES:ELEMENTS

I. Trim

Simply detailed wide wooden boards

UIDELINES provided the original trim for the

G roof, windows and doors of Cradock houses. Square columns with minimal decorative trim and balusters formed ESIGN

D the porches. By painting the trim a light color that blended with the siding, the darkly painted shutters became window trim one of the character-deﬁning features ISTRICT of these houses. The soft color scheme D roof trim originally speciﬁed continues today although, without shutters, the facades porch trim of many Cradock houses are missing ISTORIC and elements the contrasting element that was an H original hallmark of the district.

Guidelines RADOCK

C 1 door trim Retain original porch, window, corner board door, and roof trim that deﬁnes the architectural character of the historic building.

;OPZNYHWOPJZOV^ZSVJH[PVUZVM]HYPV\ZOV\ZL[YPTLSLTLU[Z[OH[OLSWKLÄUL*YHKVJR»Z\UPX\LHYJOP[LJ[\YL 2 Repair rather than replace existing historic trim. Match original materials, details, and proﬁles. 3 Match deteriorated trim with new as closely as possible in material, details and proﬁles. 4 Replace missing trim based on physical evidence.

50 C RADOCK HISTORIC D ISTRICT D ESIGN G UIDELINES .G G IV. V. S S TRUCTURES TRUCTURES IEIE FOR FOR UIDELINES UIDELINES :M -E ATERIALS LEMENTS E E XISTINGXISTING This page intentionally left blank V. GUIDELINES FOR EXISTING STRUCTURES: MATERIALS C

A. Introduction RADOCK

As a homeowner, the choices

you make regarding materials to H use on the exterior of your house ISTORIC directly affect the appearance of the Cradock Historic District.

In this chapter you will ﬁnd helpful D information on the maintenance and ISTRICT repair of various materials that were used for houses in Cradock. You will also ﬁnd guidance on replacement A majority of Cradock houses were constructed of the same materials including D or substitute materials that may be wide wooden board siding (clapboard), wooden windows and trim, and asbestos ESIGN shingle roofs. Over the years many of these materials have been replaced with approved for use on your house. substitute materials with varying degrees of success in retaining the historic character of the district. G UIDELINES

In a departure from the majority of Cradock houses, this two-story example has a IYPJRÄYZ[SL]LS^P[O^VVKLUZOPUNSLZJV]LYPUN[OLSHYNLZOLKYVVMKVYTLYHIV]L and wood windows and trim.

51 V. GUIDELINES FOR EXISTING STRUCTURES: MATERIALS

B. Wood Maintenance

The availability and ﬂexibility of Wood requires consistent

UIDELINES wood has made it the most common maintenance. The main objective is

G building material throughout much of to keep it free from water damage, America’s building history. Because it rot and wood-boring pests. can be shaped easily by sawing, planing, ESIGN 1 Keep all surfaces primed

D and carving, wood is used for a broad and painted. range of decorative elements, such as 2 Use appropriate pest poisons, cornices, shutters, posts and columns, as necessary, following product railings, and trim on windows and ISTRICT instructions carefully. doors. In addition, wood is used in major D elements, such as framing and siding. 3 Recaulk joints where moisture might penetrate a building. Wood is the primary building material 4 Allow pressure-treated wood to ISTORIC in Cradock. The wood frames of the season for a year before painting H houses in the district were originally clad it. Otherwise, the wood- This house retains many wooden elements including its windows, trim, door and in wood siding, which in many cases still preserving chemicals might sidelights, and siding. exists beneath replacement siding, such interfere with paint adherence.

RADOCK as asbestos, vinyl or aluminium. Wood 5 Identify sources of moisture C shingles are also used occasionally as an problems, and take appropriate exterior cladding material in the district. measures to ﬁx them. Original windows and doors are a. Remove vegetation that grows also constructed of wood as is the too closely to wood, and take trim that surrounds those elements. any other steps necessary to The porches and roof trim are ensure the free circulation of air also original wood elements. near wood building elements. b. Repair leaking roofs, gutters, downspouts, and ﬂashing. c. Maintain proper drainage around the foundation to prevent standing water.

A few houses in Cradock are clad in wooden shingles either in-full or in-part. Also note the wooden details, such as the bracketed pediment covered entry and 52 cornice returns. V. GUIDELINES FOR EXISTING STRUCTURES: MATERIALS C

Inappropriate Treatments Guidelines RADOCK Preservation Brief #08: 1 1 Do not use liquid siding. Retain wood features that deﬁne the Aluminum and Vinyl Siding See Section E: Paint for more overall character of the building. on Historic Buildings H information on this treatment. 2 Repair rotted or missing www.nps.gov/history/hps/ ISTORIC 2 Do not use high-pressure power sections rather than replacing tps/briefs/brief08.htm washing to clean wood siding as the entire element. the pressure may force moisture Preservation Brief #09:

a. Use new or salvaged wood, epoxy D behind the siding where it can The Repair of Historic consolidates or ﬁllers to patch, ISTRICT lead to paint failure and rot. Wooden Windows piece or consolidate parts. By keeping the exterior wooden elements of 3 Do not caulk under individual www.nps.gov/history/hps/ Match existing historic your house clean, well-painted and otherwise siding boards or window sills b. in good general repair, you can prolong the tps/briefs/brief09.htm as this action seals the building materials and details. lifespan of these elements. In this example, the D 3 ZLJVUKÅVVYL_[LYPVYPZJSHKPU]LY[PJHSIVHYK ESIGN too tightly and can lead to Replace wood elements only when and-batten, an original design feature of one of Preservation Brief #10: moisture problems within the they are rotted beyond repair. the house types. Exterior Paint Problems on

frame walls and paint failure. 4 Match the original in material Historic Woodwork G and design or by the use of www.nps.gov/history/hps/ UIDELINES substitute materials that convey tps/briefs/brief10.htm the same visual appearance or by using surviving material. 5 Base the design of reconstructed elements on pictorial or physical evidence from historic sources.

A number of the original wood siding boards on this Cradock house are being replaced with new wood that replicates the old in appearance to retain the historic character of the house.

53 V. GUIDELINES FOR EXISTING STRUCTURES: MATERIALS

C. Masonry 5 The best method for cleaning unpainted brick is to use a low- Historic masonry materials include pressure wash of no more than 200

UIDELINES brick, stone, terra cotta, concrete, stucco, psi, equivalent to the pressure in G tile, and mortar. Brick foundations a garden hose. A mild detergent and chimneys are character-deﬁning may be added when necessary. elements in Cradock. Concrete is ESIGN 6 Test any detergent or chemical

D also found in the district and is used cleaner on a small, inconspicuous for some foundations and porch part of the building ﬁrst. Older ﬂoors in addition to site elements, brick may be too soft to clean and such as walkways and driveways. ISTRICT can be damaged by detergents

D and by the pressure of the water. Maintenance This test is a mandatory step if you are applying for federal or Most masonry problems can be ISTORIC state rehabilitation tax credits. avoided with monitoring and H 7 Use chemical paint and dirt prevention. Disintegrating mortar, removers formulated for masonry cracks in mortar joints, loose bricks, cautiously. Do not clean with or damaged plaster work may signal

RADOCK chemical methods that damage the need for masonry repair. C masonry, and do not leave Low-pressure power washing can be an environmentally sensitive approach to 1 Prevent water from gathering at the chemical cleaners on the masonry cleaning historic masonry. base of a wall by ensuring that the longer than recommended. ground slopes away from the wall. 8 Follow any local environmental 2 Repair leaking roofs, regulations in regard to chemical gutters, and downspouts and cleaning and disposal. secure loose ﬂashing. 3 Ensure that cracks do not indicate structural settling or deterioration. Repair cracks and unsound mortar according to the guidelines later in this section. 4 Masonry should only be cleaned when necessary to remove heavy paint buildup, halt deterioration 54 or to remove heavy soiling. V. GUIDELINES FOR EXISTING STRUCTURES: MATERIALS C

Maintenance Repointing 11 Strength: Do not repoint with RADOCK mortar that is stronger than the Old bricks are different from new original mortar and brick. Brick bricks and the mortar, the material that expands and contracts with H makes the joints, has to be different as freezing and heating conditions, ISTORIC well. Appearance is not the only issue. and old mortar moves to relieve An improper mortar mix can damage the stress. If a hard portland historic brick. Professionals experienced

cement mortar is used, the mortar D in working with old masonry can guide will not ﬂex as much, and the ISTRICT you in appropriate repointing methods. brick can crack, break, or spall. 9 Remove deteriorated mortar and 12 Composition: Mortar of older brick masonry by hand-raking the joints buildings has a high lime and sand D

to avoid damage to the brick or the content, usually one part lime to two ESIGN surrounding area. Roughly one inch parts sand. Portland cement may be of old mortar should be removed substituted for a portion of the lime to allow for the new mortar. The running bond pattern shown here is used for both foundations and chimneys G

as long as the mortar mix is no more UIDELINES in Cradock. 10 Appearance: Duplicate old mortar than 20 percent portland cement. joints in width and proﬁle (see the Mortar Joint Proﬁle illustration on the this page). It is also MORTAR JOINT PROFILES possible to match the color of the new mortar to that of a clean section of existing mortar.

concave struck weathered Å\ZO

0KLU[PM`[OLVYPNPUHSWYVÄSLVMTVY[HYQVPU[Z\ZLKVU`V\YMV\UKH[PVUHUKJOPTUL` HUKYLWSPJH[L[OH[WYVÄSLPUHU`UL^^VYR 55 V. GUIDELINES FOR EXISTING STRUCTURES: MATERIALS

C. Masonry continued masonry surface and then scrubbed Guidelines Preservation Brief #01: off the bricks after drying, as a 1 Retain masonry features which Assessing Cleaning and substitute for traditional repointing. Inappropriate Treatments are important in deﬁning the UIDELINES Water-Repellent Treatments 4 Do not remove mortar with electric

G for Historic Masonry overall character of the building. 1 Do not sandblast masonry, use saws or hammers that damage Buildings 2 high-pressure water blasting, the surrounding masonry. Leave unpainted masonry unpainted. www.nps.gov/history/hps/ 5 3 Repair or replace a masonry feature ESIGN or chemically clean with an Do not use waterproof, water- tps/briefs/brief01.htm

D inappropriate cleanser as these repellent, or non-historic coatings on when necessary, using bricks that respect the size, texture, color, and Preservation Brief #02: methods can do irreparable damage. masonry unless they allow moisture 2 Do not repoint masonry to “breathe” through the masonry. pattern of the historic material, as Repointing Mortar Joints in well as mortar joint size and tooling.

ISTRICT An anti-grafﬁti coating may be Historic Masonry Buildings with a synthetic caulking

D used on masonry areas that have 4 Repair cracks and unsound mortar www.nps.gov/history/hps/ compound or portland cement seen repeated vandalism and where with mortar and masonry that tps/briefs/brief02.htm as a substitute for mortar. 3 Do not use a “scrub” coating, in improved lighting and other security matches the historic material.

ISTORIC Preservation Brief #06: which a thinned, low-aggregate coat measures have not been successful. 5 Repair by repointing only areas

H Dangers of Abrasive Cleaning of mortar is brushed over the entire where mortar has deteriorated. to Historic Buildings Sound mortar should be left intact. www.nps.gov/history/hps/

RADOCK tps/briefs/brief06.htm C Preservation Brief #38: 9LTV]PUN.YHMÄ[PMYVT Historic Masonry www.nps.gov/history/hps/ tps/briefs/brief38.htm

Preservation Brief #39: Holding the Line: Controlling Unwanted Moisture in Historic Buildings www.nps.gov/history/hps/ tps/briefs/brief39.htm

This house features a number of masonry elements including its foundation, exterior chimney and 56 front portico steps. V. GUIDELINES FOR EXISTING STRUCTURES: MATERIALS C

D. Substitute Materials 1. Vinyl and Aluminum Siding 3 RADOCK Painting of vinyl or aluminum Preservation Brief #08: When vinyl and aluminum siding siding can be a challenge as Aluminum and Vinyl Siding A building’s historic character is a paint may not adhere well to are approved for use over existing on Historic Buildings: The combination of its design, age, setting, H wood siding in Cradock, the HPC these materials. Painting may Appropriateness of Substitute and materials. The exterior walls of a may suggest that the wood siding also void your warranty. Materials for Resurfacing ISTORIC building, because they are so visible, be replaced in-kind on prominent 4 Vinyl and aluminium siding are not Historic Wood Frame play a very important role in defining its Buildings elevations. This decision will be made weatherproof. Time and extreme historic appearance. Wood clapboards, on a case-by-case basis depending on temperatures can take an immense www.nps.gov/history/hps/ D the original siding material for Cradock the condition of the original material. toll on artificial siding. Over time, tps/briefs/brief08.htm ISTRICT houses, have a distinctive character. some artificial siding may dent, Synthetic materials can never have the Maintenance warp, cup, become brittle, buckle, same patina, texture, or light-reflective break, fade and become dirty due to D 1 qualities as the original wood siding Often property owners wish to numerous environmental factors. ESIGN install artificial siding because of the and, therefore, detract somewhat from 5 Unlike wood, substitute siding the district’s historic character. desire to avoid maintenance issues materials are difficult to repair to G associated with repainting. The match the existing. Factory colors, UIDELINES Substitute siding materials in the district vinyl siding industry offers artificial styles, and finishes change over time. have changed over time and include siding as a maintenance-free asbestos, vinyl, and aluminum. These solution that will solve your exterior materials have been used to artificially building problems for a lifetime. create the appearance of the original 2 Vinyl siding is usually guaranteed wood siding surfaces or to update the for 20 years. (Guarantees over appearance of a particular house. 20 years are usually prorated.) Substitute materials, either as Two or three quality paint jobs replacement materials or for use over may cost approximately the same existing wood siding, may only be as replacement siding. Good approved by the HPC if the original quality latex exterior paint applied wood siding is beyond repair. according to the manufacturer’s instructions may have a warranty of 15 years or more. Properly maintained wood siding has been found to last hundreds of years.

The original wood siding on this house was covered with asbestos shingles while retaining the original window trim and portico. 57 V. GUIDELINES FOR EXISTING STRUCTURES: MATERIALS

D. Substitute Materials before new siding is installed. If continued this is not done, it may exaggerate existing moisture problems. It

UIDELINES also may create new moisture Inappropriate Treatments G problems inside and reduce the 1 Do not use synthetic siding for insulating properties of the new siding. Ensure that any moisture,

ESIGN structures with existing reparable rot, or infestation problems are D original siding in Cradock. corrected before covering these 2 Do not resurface historic areas with synthetic materials. buildings with new material that 3 Look for synthetic siding that will

ISTRICT does not duplicate the original last at least 20 years before needing D historic fabric in appearance. additional maintenance. Once 3 Do not use furring strips when you paint siding, it will need the installing vinyl siding. The same maintenance as the wood. ISTORIC additional depth added to the new 4 Match new siding material H siding diminishes the projection of details such as trim and changes the to the location, dimension, historic appearance of the building. scale and overall appearance of the original wood siding.

RADOCK 4 Do not use asphalt siding.

C 5 Install new siding so that it 5 Do not apply substitute does not obscure or require siding over historic wood removal of details such as historic window and door trim. window and door trim. 6 Do not replace original 6 Specify the installation of continuous wooden window and door wall vents under the building trim with stock vinyl trim. eaves and weep holes in the siding to prevent trapped moisture. Guidelines 7 Retain and protect historic trim 1 Remove synthetic siding and restore by the use of “accessories,” such as original wood siding, when possible. channels, inserts and drip caps, to 2 Correct any problems that have led ﬁt the siding around these details. to the deterioration of the wood 8 Pick colors that are historically siding before installing replacement appropriate according to Section E: Often, the effects of cleaning siding. Leaks from the roof, gutters Paint, the next topic in this chapter. or painting vinyl siding can or downspouts need to be repaired 58 leave the siding with an uneven appearance. V. GUIDELINES FOR EXISTING STRUCTURES: MATERIALS C RADOCK

lapped siding H ISTORIC

coursedCOURSED shingle siding D ISTRICT D ESIGN

New construction outside of the historic district has successfully used substitute materials, such as cementitious siding and trim details, to achieve G (SHWWLKZPKPUNWYVÄSLPZ[OLHWWYVWYPH[L a traditional appearance. UIDELINES replacement for original wood siding in Cradock. Look to historic wooden examples for installation details. staggeredSTAGGERED shingle siding

2. Cementitious Siding Inappropriate Treatments 4 Do not resurface historic buildings with new material that Cementitious siding may be approved 1 Do not use cementitious siding for does not duplicate the original as a replacement material for structures with existing reparable historic fabric in appearance. severely deteriorated original wood original siding in Cradock. siding under the circumstances 5 Do not apply substitute 2 Cementitious siding is not listed in these guidelines. siding over historic wood appropriate to use as a repair window and door trim. material on a wall that retains 6 Maintenance its original wood siding. Repairs Do not replace original wooden to original wood siding should window and door trim with Keep cementitious siding manufactured trim. painted. Some brands are be made by patching with wood offered pre-painted with a ﬁnish that matches the characteristics warranty of up to 15 years. of the original siding. 3 Do not apply cementitious siding over existing wood siding. 59 V. GUIDELINES FOR EXISTING STRUCTURES: MATERIALS

D. Substitute Materials 3. Composite Trim Materials Guidelines continued Some currently available composite 1 Use composite trim only if materials are available in custom- it replicates the dimension, UIDELINES Guidelines formed lengths such as urethane; while

G scale, and overall appearance others, including cellular PVC, are of the original wood trim. 1 Remove synthetic siding and restore dimensional mill-ready blanks. Flat 2 Pick colors that are historically ESIGN original wood siding, when possible. board dimensional materials are available appropriate according D 2 Conduct exploratory demolition in wood-resin composites and cement to Section E: Paint. of existing siding to reveal any board but are not able to be worked underlying structural problems (such in the traditional manner of wood.

ISTRICT as rot) necessitating the removal

D of existing siding to address. Maintenance 3 Use care when removing original Keep trim painted. siding to minimize damage to

ISTORIC the old wood which may be Inappropriate Treatments

H dry and may split easily. 4 Ensure that any moisture, rot, 1 Do not replace historic wooden or infestation problems are window, door, or porch trim unless

RADOCK corrected before covering these it is deteriorated beyond repair. C areas with new materials. 2 Do not apply new trim 5 Install salvageable original siding over existing trim. on the primary (front) elevation, 3 Do not introduce trim elements and use substitute materials that convey a different period of in less visible locations. construction, such as Victorian 6 Match new siding material “gingerbread” trim. to the location, dimension, 4 Do not use composite materials scale and overall appearance to patch existing wooden trim. of the original wood siding. 7 Install new siding so that it does not obscure or require removal of details, such as historic window and door trim. 8 Use a ﬁnish color historically appropriate to the district. See 60 Section E: Paint for appropriate colors. V. GUIDELINES FOR EXISTING STRUCTURES: MATERIALS C

E. Paint Maintenance 7 RADOCK Ensure that all surfaces are free Preservation Brief #09: of dirt, grease, and grime before 1 Keep existing painted Exterior Paint Problems on A properly painted wood building painting. Wash bare wood with materials well-painted. Historic Woodwork accentuates its character-deﬁning tri-sodium phosphate (TSP), then H details. Painting is one of the least 2 Clean painted surfaces of www.nps.gov/history/hps/ rinse with a hose with no nozzle. ISTORIC expensive ways to maintain historic accumulated dirt on an annual tps/briefs/brief09.htm 8 Repair rot and cracks fabric and make a building an attractive basis in order to prolong the with wood or epoxy. addition to the historic district. life of your paint job. 9 Prime surfaces if bare wood is D

3 Follow all local environmental ISTRICT In some instances buildings may be exposed or if you are changing regulations. Refer to Chapter II: painted inappropriate colors, or colors types of paint. This will allow Section F for information are placed on the building incorrectly. new paint to adhere properly. on lead paint hazards. Some paint schemes use too many 10 Use an oil-based alkyd primer D

4 Prep, prime, and paint one side ESIGN colors, while others paint all building applied by brush, not sprayed on. elements the same color – neither one of the house before moving 11 Use a high-quality paint and of these is a preferred treatment. on to the next. Otherwise the surface gets dirty between coats, follow the manufacturer’s G UIDELINES causing possible paint failure. speciﬁcations for application. Appropriate Colors 5 Remove loose and peeling paint 12 Caulk after priming using acrylic/ Historic photographs show that many of down to the next sound layer using latex caulk with silicone. the houses in Cradock were painted light the gentlest means possible: hand- 13 Apply two coats of a high- colors with white or light colored trim, scraping and hand-sanding are best quality latex paint. and dark shutters. White and pale shades for wood and masonry. Oil and of gray, green, tan, blue and yellow lead-based paints cure slowly while would be appropriate for wall colors. latex cures quickly. By removing Today most of the houses are paint to bare wood, you will have painted white or a lighter shade, a paint job that will be less apt to although occasional houses are fail due to these different rates. painted in more intense hues. 6 Performed by a contractor experienced in working on Dark grey is the most historically historic buildings, professional appropriate color for roofs as chemical removal of paint may be it was the color of original acceptable in certain situations. asbestos roofs in Cradock. Accumulated paint has been removed from this Proper surface preparation is window trim. Once any necessary repairs have the key to a long-lasting paint been made, primer and paint should be applied application. to protect this historic trim from weather damage and ensure its longevity. 61 V. GUIDELINES FOR EXISTING STRUCTURES: MATERIALS

b. Diminishment of Details: roof color E. Paint continued The thickness of these coatings may obscure character- Inappropriate Treatments

UIDELINES deﬁning details of historic

G 1 Do not paint masonry woodwork and masonry. that is unpainted. c. Reversibility: This product

ESIGN 2 Do not completely remove paint has not been shown to be

D to achieve a natural ﬁnish. easily removable, therefore, it 3 Do not use sandblasting, open may cause a potential negative impact to the historic fabric of wall or ﬂames, or high-pressure water

ISTRICT trim color ÄLSKJVSVY wash to remove paint from the structure and the district. D masonry, soft metal or wood. accent 4 Guidelines color Burning old paint off is discouraged as it is a fire hazard 1 Select a color scheme appropriate ISTORIC and can permanently damage to the time period in which H the surface of the wood. your building was constructed (*VSVUPHS9L]P]HSJVSVYZJOLTLVMHSPNO[JVSVYLK^HSSVYÄLSKJVSVYÔP[LVYH 5 Do not apply latex paint directly and that is generally compatible complementary light trim color and a dark shade for shutters and doors is most appropriate for Cradock houses. over oil-based paint as it might not with adjacent structures. RADOCK bond properly and can pull off the 2 Treat similar elements with C old oil-based paint. Ensure good the same color to achieve a adhesion by using an alkyd primer unified rather than overly busy as noted in Maintenance #10. and disjointed appearance. 6 Do not use overly bright 3 Paint unpainted aluminum- and obtrusive colors. frame storm windows and 7 Do not use liquid vinyl doors to match wood trim. coatings because: a. Permeability: These coatings may not allow historic structures to properly disperse moisture causing an accelerated rate of structural decay hidden by the coating.

62 C RADOCK HISTORIC D ISTRICT D ESIGN G UIDELINES V G G IV. VI. S A C TRUCTURES NTUTO AND ONSTRUCTION IEIE FOR FOR UIDELINES UIDELINES DDITIONS -E LEMENTS E N XISTING EW This page intentionally left blank VI. GUIDELINES FOR NEW CONSTRUCTION AND ADDITIONS C

24-0 7'-11" 8'-2" 7'-11" A A

It may be a challenge to create new RADOCK

A. Introduction CL 8'-6" 9'-2"

designs that use this limited vocabulary BEDROOM BEDROOM 11'-2" X 12'-10" 1 9'-8" X 12'-10" CL C B2 The following guidelines offer general of historic details successfully. More A LINEN 7'-10"

BATH HALL 13'-8" recommendations on the design of new 32'-0" 32'-0" A DOWN successful new buildings take their H

BATH houses and additions in the Cradock clues from historic images and C

MASTER ISTORIC BEDROOM Historic District. These guidelines are 15'-8" 14'-8" X 12'-10" reintroduce and reinterpret designs 9'-2"

CL CL REAR ELEVATION RIGHT ELEVATION intended to provide a general design 5 6 A A of traditional decorative elements. SCALE: 1/4'' = 1' - 0'' 02'4' 8' SCALE: 1/4'' = 1' - 0'' 02'4' 8'

8'-0" 8'-0" 8'-0"

24'-0" framework for new construction. Good 1 SMOOTH PAINTED HARDIPLANK LAP SIDING W/ 6" EXPOSURE 6 PREFINISHED ALUMINUM OGEE GUTTER-MATCH TRIM COLOR11 PAINTED 5/4 X 4 FIR CASING SECOND FLOOR PLAN 2 5/4 X 4 SMOOTH PAINTED FIR DOUBLE CORNERBOARDS 7 PAINTED WOODEN ENTRY PORCH 12 PAINTED SLOPED SILL FROM RIPPED TREATED 2 X 4 2 02'4' 8' WOOD WINDOW UNIT WITH ALUMINUM CLAD OR PRIMED WOOD EXTERIOR SCALE: 1/4'' = 1' - 0'' 3 WITH SIMULATED DIVIDED LIGHT 7/8" MUNTINS, LIGHT PATTERN AS SHOWN. 8 PAINTED WOODEN LOUVER 13 5/4 TRIM BOARD (1" PROJECTION FROM PLYWOOD) D The criteria in this section are all EAGLE MODERN DIVIDED LIGHT, OR APPROVED EQUAL. A 3'-0" X 5'-0" DOUBLE HUNG 6 OVER 6 24'-0" WOOD WINDOW UNIT WITH ALUMINUM CLAD OR PRIMED WOOD EXTERIOR 9 PAINTED WOODEN ENTRY DOOR WITH TRUE DIVIDED LIGHT GLAZING 14 MATCH FASCIA DETAIL (2" PROJECTION FROM PLYWOOD) WITH SIMULATED DIVIDED LIGHT 7/8" MUNTINS (PERMANENTLY APPLIED MUNTINS 5'-5" 13'-2" 5'-5" 4 B 3'-0" X 2'-6" AWNING 6 LIGHT designers can take these clues and have INSIDE AND OUT WITH SPACER BAR BETWEEN GLASS), LIGHT PATTERN AS SHOWN. C A EAGLE MODERN DIVIDED LIGHT, OR APPROVED EQUAL. 10 PAINTED WOODEN 6 PANEL ENTRY DOOR ARCHITECTURAL GRADE ASPHALT SHINGLES- ELK PRESTIQUE C 3'-0" X 3'-4" DOUBLE HUNG 6 OVER 6 5 HIGH DEFINITION, OR BETTER ISTRICT important when considering whether KEYED NOTES WINDOW SCHEDULE 7 8

the freedom to design appropriate, 8'-8" 8'-8" DINING KITCHEN ROOM 4'-10" 10'-0" X 12'-10" 12'-10" X 12'-10" proposed new house designs are A new architecture for the district. 8 2'-10" 2'-2" PORCH 3-0/ 12 6-8 5'-9" +/- appropriate and compatible. All criteria 9 2'-10" 5 3 PANTRY AIR B2 HANDLER CL 2'-0" B LAUNDRY

STACKED MECH 14'-2" 32'-0" PR W/D 32'-0" 6 The intent of these guidelines is not need not be met in every example of D 14 7'-0" HDR 1" 13 13 1'-0" 9'-8" 1 A

2 ESIGN to be overly speciﬁc or to dictate B2 2 LIVING new construction, although all criteria HALL ROOM 16'-0" X 13'-8" B 12 9 SECOND FFE

11 3 9'-2" certain designs to owners and designers UP 3-0/ 7'-0" HDR should be taken into consideration 6'-0" 6-8

4 7 7 A A but to allow for the creation of new 2'-8" 2'-10" 2'-10" 3'-8" 6'-6" 5'-6" in the design process. Care should 12 FIRST FFE PORCH G 4'-10"

9 10 24'-0"

3 BEDROOMS buildings that are compatible with NOTE: ANY DEVIATION FROM THE EXTERIOR 2 1/2 BATHS LEFT ELEVATION FRONT ELEVATION SQUARE FOOTAGE:

be taken to ensure that the new ELEVATIONS AS SHOWN SHALL REQUIRE UIDELINES 4 3 FIRST FLOOR PLAN FIRST FLOOR: 768 SCALE: 1/4'' = 1' - 0'' 02'4' 8' SCALE: 1/4'' = 1' - 0'' 02'4' 8' SUBMISSION OF REVISED DRAWINGS TO SECOND FLOOR: 768 1 TOTAL 1536 their historic settings. The intent design does not visually overpower THE C.A.R. SCALE: 1/4'' = 1' - 0'' 02'4' 8' is also not to encourage copying or its historic neighboring buildings. Recently, model designs such as the one above have been created in mimicking particular historic styles. order to provide preapproved plans that meet the criteria used by the Historic Preservation Commission. By their design, Cradock houses were utilitarian – quickly and simply constructed – the work of a single architect with a limited budget that precluded costly specialized building features. ?

This chapter provides guidance to ensure that the design of any new dwelling in Cradock respects the historic architectural character of the district. 63 VI. GUIDELINES FOR NEW CONSTRUCTION AND ADDITIONS

B. Setback

Setback is the distance between the

UIDELINES building wall and the property line or

G right-of-way boundary at the front of the lot. Cradock houses were designed with uniform setbacks. The enclosure ESIGN

D of porches and other modiﬁcations may disguise this condition on certain streets in the district. ISTRICT

D Guidelines

Open front porches and porticos reinforce the consistent setback of these Cradock houses on Prospect Parkway. 1 Relate setback and spacing of any new construction to ISTORIC The setbacks for Cradock houses are uniform, the character of the existing

H and this condition should be reinforced with new historic houses in the district. PUÄSSJVUZ[Y\J[PVU 2 Defer to the setback of the historic buildings for sites located between RADOCK two distinctive areas of setback, C such as between new commercial and traditional residential.

C. Orientation

Orientation refers to the direction in which the front (facade) of the The primary facade and main entry for new houses in Cradock should orient to the street. building faces. Cradock houses are oriented to the street that they face.

Guidelines 1 Orient the facades of new houses to the street onto which the lot faces. 2 Orient the primary facade to the 64 major street if the building is to be constructed on a corner lot. VI. GUIDELINES FOR NEW CONSTRUCTION AND ADDITIONS C

The spacing between houses RADOCK D. Spacing in Cradock allowed for the later addition of driveways Spacing refers to the side yard and sheds or garages.

distances between buildings. Cradock H was designed with spacing of 20 ISTORIC to 30 feet between houses.

Guideline D

Space new construction according ISTRICT to the historic precedent allowing at least 20 feet between houses

and adhering to applicable D zoning regulations. ESIGN G UIDELINES

Most house lots in Cradock are 50 feet wide and houses are at least 20 feet apart. This spacing conveys a village quality and should be mirrored in new construction.

65 VI. GUIDELINES FOR NEW CONSTRUCTION AND ADDITIONS

E. Massing

The overall massing of a building

UIDELINES relates to the organization and relative

G size of the building sections or pieces of a building. The nature of the mass will be further deﬁned by other ESIGN

D criteria in this chapter, such as height, width, and directional expression.

Guideline ISTRICT

D Use massing that relates to those of existing historic house types in the district. The most appropriate ISTORIC massing is that of a one-and-one- An APPROPRIATE example of mass for new construction relates to the existing adjacent house forms. H half-story house with a low sloping roof and a one-story front porch.

RADOCK F. Complexity of Form C

A building’s form, or shape, can be simple (a box) or complex (a combination of many boxes or projections and indentations). Cradock houses are simple rectangles or squares in form.

Guideline Use simple forms for new construction to relate to the majority of surrounding buildings.

An INAPPROPRIATE example of mass for new construction is shown in this example. The one-story mass with a shallow roof 66 containing the porch breaks the historic rhythm of the street and looks out of place with its historic counterparts. VI. GUIDELINES FOR NEW CONSTRUCTION AND ADDITIONS C

G. Height, Width and Scale H. Directional Expression RADOCK

The actual size of a new building can The relationship of the height and width

either contribute to, or be in conﬂict of the front elevation of a building H with, the existing structures in a mass provides its directional expression. ISTORIC historic district. Height and width Cradock houses are either horizontal create scale. Scale in architecture is the or vertical in their proportions. relationship of the human form to the D building. It is also the relationship of Guideline ISTRICT the height and width of one building to another. Single-family Cradock Make sure that the directional houses are one and one-half to two expression of new residential stories tall and between 22 and 27 feet buildings is compatible with that of D

A Cradock house with a porch and one without shows how a porch can be used ESIGN wide. Duplexes are 36 to 40 feet wide. surrounding houses in the block. to reduce the perceived size of the house and relate it to a human scale.

Guidelines G UIDELINES 1 Establish the height of a proposed building within ten (10) percent of the average height of adjacent historic structures to achieve visual compatibility. 2 Design new buildings to respect the width of original structures in the district thereby maintaining the rhythm of spacing between houses in the district. 3 Reinforce the human scale by including functional elements that reinforce the character of the district, Horizontal Vertical such as porches and porticos. This sketch illustrates the two types of directional expression for dwellings in Cradock.

67 VI. GUIDELINES FOR NEW CONSTRUCTION AND ADDITIONS

Side-gable roof I. Roof Form and Materials Low-pitch gable roof Cross-gable roof Roof form plays an important role in

UIDELINES End-gable roofs deﬁning the form of a building, while

G the materials of the roof help to deﬁne its character and create continuity and Side-gable roof rhythm in the district. Low sloping gable ESIGN

D roofs cap most Cradock houses, and this repetition was considered an attribute of this early planned neighborhood. ISTRICT

D Respect the roof types historically found on Cradock houses and porches. Guidelines 1 Use gable roof forms for new residential buildings to relate to ISTORIC adjacent historic examples. H 2 Reﬂect the historic roof pitch of existing Cradock houses in the roof pitch for new houses. RADOCK

C 3 Use asphalt shingles in dark grey cornicecornice tones to create a visual pattern similar to the original roof material. Shingles should not vary widely in color range. Traditional roof materials, such as standing-seam frieze metal, metal shingles, or 5V crimp, may also be used. These metal products are available prepainted to reduce maintenance. architrave 4 Consider the use of a simple, classically detailed cornice at the roof line of new house construction. 5 Use cornice designs and materials The cornice is the embellishment of the junction between the roof and the wall. It also may be used VUWVYJOLZ6U*YHKVJROV\ZLZHZPTWSPÄLKJVYUPJLTH`ILJVTWVZLKVMHU\UHKVYULKMYPLaL that complement those found 68 and architrave, or a simple boxed eave. In each case, the style and articulation of the cornice help in the area where the new [VKLÄUL[OLZ[`SLVM[OLI\PSKPUN building is being constructed. VI. GUIDELINES FOR NEW CONSTRUCTION AND ADDITIONS C

J. Doors and Windows ratio of solids to voids. Doors allow Windows add light to the interior of a RADOCK access to the interior of a building and building, provide ventilation, and allow The size, proportion, pattern, and combine a functional purpose with a a visual link to the outside. Cradock decorative one. Secondary entrances are windows were originally six-over-six articulation of door and window H openings help to give a building its often more utilitarian. Original doors can double-hung wooden sash on the ﬁrst and ISTORIC individual style and character. be found on some houses in Cradock and second levels. Some dormer windows are may provide a guide for new door choices. smaller with nine glass panes per window. Doors and windows help to deﬁne a A high ratio of solid to glass provides building’s particular style through the security and privacy for the occupants. D rhythm, patterns, size, proportions, and ISTRICT

ELEMENTS OF A DOOR ELEMENTS OF A DOUBLE-HUNG WINDOW D ESIGN

frame

muntin G rail UIDELINES muntin light/pane rail upper sash stile meeting rail casing panel stile

lower sash frame threshold rail

sill

Highlighting the windows and doors of typical Cradock house types shows the balanced arrangement of these openings. 69 VI. GUIDELINES FOR NEW CONSTRUCTION AND ADDITIONS

J. Doors and Windows 3 Avoid designing false windows continued in new construction. 4 Do not use tinted or mirrored glass UIDELINES Inappropriate Treatments on major facades of the building. G Translucent or low-e glass may be 1 Do not use unﬁnished aluminum strategies to keep heat gain down.

ESIGN as a ﬁnish for doors. 5 Avoid aluminum-colored storm sash. D 2 Do not use false muntins and It can be painted an appropriate internal removable grilles color if it is ﬁrst primed. because they do not present 6 ISTRICT a historic appearance. Do not use shutters on

D composite or bay windows.

RATIO OF SOLIDS TO VOIDSRHYTHM OF OPENINGS PROPORTION OF OPENINGS

ISTORIC a b c b a H RADOCK C

d efbbd f

Guidelines 2 Make sure the rhythm and 3 Make the size and proportion of placement of window openings are window and door openings, or the 1 Relate and make compatible compatible with those on/of ratio of width to height, compatible the ratio of solids (walls) and adjacent historic structures. with those on nearby historic houses. voids (windows and doors) of new buildings to that of 70 adjacent historic houses. VI. GUIDELINES FOR NEW CONSTRUCTION AND ADDITIONS C

4 Respect the traditional design 8 Construct windows of wood (which RADOCK of openings that are generally may be vinyl- or metal-clad), a wood recessed on masonry buildings and composite, vinyl or ﬁberglass.

have a raised surround on frame 9 Install exterior storm windows H

buildings. New construction should and doors so that they do not ISTORIC follow these methods as opposed obscure the windows or doors. to designing openings that are Storm window divisions should ﬂush with the rest of the wall. match those of the window. D

5 ISTRICT Relate new doors to the door styles 10 Use shutters of wood or a wood found historically in the district. composite (rather than metal or 6 Construct doors of wood (preferred vinyl) scaled to fit the window material). Vinyl- or metal- opening. Shutters should D ESIGN clad, fiberglass or metal doors be mounted on hinges. Properly mounted shutters have upper When shutters are properly sized may also be considered for new and lower hinges and are kept open [OL`JV]LY[OL^PUKV^HUKÄ[JSVZLS` with shutter dogs. within the frame when closed. construction depending on design. G 7 Use windows with true divided UIDELINES lights or interior and exterior fixed muntins with internal spacers to reference traditional designs and match the style of the building.

ELEMENTS OF A STORM WINDOW ELEMENTS OF A THREE-PART SIMULATED DIVIDED LIGHT WINDOW

L_[LYPVYÄ_LKT\U[PU

integral spacing bar

Interchange- PU[LYPVYÄ_LKT\U[PU able storm or screen panels Three-part simulated Wood frame divided-light windows that aligns are often used in new with rails and construction and stiles of main alleviate the need for window a storm window. A glass panel storm door should be large enough to reveal the basic panel design of the door beyond. 71 VI. GUIDELINES FOR NEW CONSTRUCTION AND ADDITIONS

K. Porches and Porticos

A porch or portico is the focal point

UIDELINES of the front of each Cradock house.

G Because of its decoration and articulation, these features help to add variety to a limited number of house forms. ESIGN

D Porches have traditionally been a social gathering point, as well as a transition area, between the exterior and interior of

ISTRICT a residence. New residential buildings D can better blend with the historic district if a porch is incorporated into the design.

ISTORIC Guidelines

H Porticos and porches tucked under the roof line of houses provide rhythm on Cradock streets. 1 Include a porch in new residential construction.

RADOCK 2 Make sure that new porch C designs reﬂect the size, materials proportion and placement of existing historic porches.

72 Including a porch or portico in any new construction design will reinforce the connection the houses have with one another and the street, as well as reducing the perceived scale of the building. VI. GUIDELINES FOR NEW CONSTRUCTION AND ADDITIONS C

L. Foundation RADOCK

The foundation forms the base of the

building. Most Cradock houses have H low brick foundations or are built on ISTORIC concrete slabs. Where appropriate, the design of new houses should incorporate foundations for aesthetic D as well as functional reasons. ISTRICT

Guidelines

1 Distinguish the foundation from D the rest of the building through ESIGN the use of a brick foundation.

2 Respect the height, contrast New construction should respect the traditional height of foundations found on original Cradock houses. In certain areas, houses G

^LYLI\PS[KPYLJ[S`VUJVUJYL[LZSHIZ^OPSLPUV[OLYHYLHZHZSPNO[S`YHPZLKMV\UKH[PVU^HZZWLJPÄLK UIDELINES of materials, and textures of foundations on surrounding historic buildings.

73 VI. GUIDELINES FOR NEW CONSTRUCTION AND ADDITIONS

M. Materials and Details Inappropriate Treatments 2 Use wood or non-grained cementitious siding for new 1 Do not use exposed concrete The selection of materials and construction and additions to or split-face block. UIDELINES details for a new house in Cradock enhance the traditional image of

G should be compatible with and 2 Avoid the use of brick of the district. Wood is the most complement neighboring traditional highly contrasting shades. appropriate material for new houses. buildings. Duplication of historic ESIGN 3 Do not use siding with an 3 Use wood as a ﬁrst choice

D details to the point where new artiﬁcial wood-grained texture. for elements such as trim, construction is not distinguishable porches elements, and other from old is not recommended. 4 Refrain from the use of metal except as a roof covering. decorative features. ISTRICT The limited use of details and decoration 4 Consider the use of substitute D reinforce the simple charm of the Guidelines materials for trim details. Some Cradock house styles. By repeating currently available composites 1 a common vocabulary of popular Use brick as the foundation are available in custom-formed ISTORIC Colonial Revival style details, houses material in Cradock since lengths, such as urethane, while

H with Bungalow, English Cottage many Cradock houses were others, including cellular PVC, or Colonial Revival attributes were built on brick foundations. are dimensional mill-ready uniﬁed throughout the district. blanks. Flat board dimensional

RADOCK materials are available in wood- C brick resin composites and cement board but are not able to be worked in the traditional manner of wood. 5 Consider traditional 5V crimp,

asphalt standing-seam metal, or metal The most common original shingle roof shingle roofs, such as galvanized wall cladding material steel and terne (a zinc and in Cradock was wood tin alloy), as an alternative to clapboard. In some instances, the upper level asphalt shingles in areas where was clad in wood shingles or metal roofs are prevalent. a board-and-batten treatment as shown here. Wood was 6 Use new stainless steel and pre- also used for decorative trim wood or coated terne products as substitute as seen in the cornerboards wood trim cement siding and porch trim. Brick roof materials, if manufactured foundations and chimneys in the traditional widths and if and gray roofs of asbestos installed with standing seams. or asphalt complete many brick 74 houses in the district. VI. GUIDELINES FOR NEW CONSTRUCTION AND ADDITIONS C

N. Color RADOCK

Historic photographs show that many

of the houses in Cradock were painted H light colors with white or light colored ISTORIC trim and dark shutters. Today most of the houses are painted white or a lighter shade, often due to the application of D a substitute siding material. Refer to ISTRICT Chapter V: Section E for a discussion roof color of appropriate color schemes in the Cradock Historic District. D ESIGN

^HSSVYÄLSK color G UIDELINES

trim color accent color

;OPZ[OYLLJVSVYWHPU[ZJOLTL\ZLZHZPUNSLJVSVYMVY[OL^HSSVYÄLSKHJJLU[LKI`^OP[L[YPTHUKKHYRZO\[[LYZHUKKVVYZ;OLYVVM color complements the paint scheme and respects the historic precedent in the district.

75 VI. GUIDELINES FOR NEW CONSTRUCTION AND ADDITIONS

O. Additions 3 Attachment to Existing Building: Attach new additions A carefully designed new addition can or alterations to existing buildings

UIDELINES respect the historic building without in such a manner that, if such

G totally copying the original design. If additions or alterations were to the new addition appears to be a part be removed in the future, the of the existing building, the integrity essential form and integrity of the ESIGN

D of the historic design is compromised; building would be unimpaired. and, the viewer is confused over 4 Size: Limit the size of the addition what is historic and what is new. so that it does not visually

ISTRICT The design of new additions should overpower the existing building. D follow the guidelines for new construction 5 Orientation: Maintain the original on the preceding pages for all elevations orientation of the structure. If that are visible from the street. Other the primary entrance is located ISTORIC considerations that are speciﬁc to on the street facade, it should

H new additions are listed below. remain in that location. Expanding the living space of Cradock residences may be accomplished by a 6 Roof Line and Roof Pitch: Inappropriate Treatments number of appropriately scaled rear additions including those pictured above. Maintain the existing roof pitch. RADOCK 1 Roof lines for new additions C Do not destroy historic materials when constructing a new addition. should be secondary to those of the existing structure. 2 Do not use the exact wall plane, roof line, or cornice height of the 7 Design: Make sure that the design existing structure in the new design. of a new addition is compatible with the existing building. The new work should be differentiated from Guidelines the old and should be compatible with its massing, size, scale, 1 Function: Attempt to accommodate materials, color, ratio of solids to the needed functions within voids, and architectural features. the existing building without building an addition. 2 Location: Attempt to locate the addition on the rear elevation so that it is not visible from the street. 76 C RADOCK HISTORIC D ISTRICT D ESIGN G UIDELINES I.G VII. V G IV. D S IEIE FOR UIDELINES MLTO AND EMOLITION TRUCTURES IEIE FOR UIDELINES -E M LEMENTS E XISTING OVING This page intentionally left blank VII. GUIDELINES FOR DEMOLITION AND MOVING C RADOCK

A. Introduction H Historic buildings are irreplaceable ISTORIC community assets. Once they are gone, they are gone forever. With each successive demolition, the integrity of the district is further eroded. Because of D ISTRICT Cradock’s dense layout and characteristic architectural styles, the loss of even one building creates a noticeable gap in the historic fabric of the neighborhood. D Therefore, the demolition or moving ESIGN of any historic house in the Cradock

Historic District should be considered G very carefully before approval is given. UIDELINES Section 40-22 of Portsmouth’s Zoning Ordinance deﬁnes demolition as the “dismantling or tearing down of all or part of any building and all operations incidental thereto.” The Historic Preservation Commission will consider most applications for Certiﬁcates of Appropriateness for partial demolition as exterior As with many cities across the country, Portsmouth witnessed the destruction of historic resources during urban renewal alterations rather than demolition. in the 1950s.

77 VII. GUIDELINES FOR DEMOLITION AND MOVING

B. Demolition ii. The importance of 2. Other Criteria the historic structure, These additional criteria may be A property owner has a right to appeal site, or object to the used by the HPC when considering any decision of the Historic Preservation UIDELINES ambiance of a district. an application for demolition. G Commission (HPC) to City Council and iii. The difﬁculty or the then to the Circuit Court if there are impossibility of reproducing a. The condition of the structure grounds that an error was made in the such a building, structure, and its probable life expectancy. ESIGN ﬁndings of the HPC. In addition, the D site, or object because of its b. Whether or not the proposed Zoning Ordinance allows demolition if design, texture, material, demolition could potentially the owner has offered the building for detail, or unique location. adversely affect other historic sale at a reasonable price related to its fair

ISTRICT iv. Whether the historic buildings or the character market value and has waited the required D structure, site, or object is of the historic district. period based on that value as stipulated one of the last remaining in the Code of Virginia, Subsection (7)(a)(v). c. The reason for demolishing examples of its kind in the the structure and whether

ISTORIC neighborhood or the city. The criteria listed below will be used by or not alternatives exist.

H the Historic Preservation Commission v. Whether there are definite in evaluating the appropriateness of plans for reuse of the d. Whether or not relocation requests for demolition of historic property if the proposed of the structure would be structures, sites, and objects. demolition is carried out, a practical and preferable RADOCK alternative to demolition. C 1. Zoning Ordinance Criteria and what the effect of those plans on the character of the e. The public necessity of the Section 40-54.3.5 of the City of surrounding area would be. proposed demolition. Portsmouth Zoning Ordinance vi. Whether reasonable establishes the Demolition Criteria f. The public purpose or measures can be taken to for structures within the city’s interest in the land or save the historic structure, historic districts. A decision by the building(s) to be protected. site, or object from collapse. Commission approving or denying a Certificate of Appropriateness for vii. Whether the historic the demolition of historic structures, structure, site, or object sites, or objects shall be guided by: is capable of earning reasonable economic i. The historic, scenic, cultural, return on its value. aesthetic or architectural significance of the building, structure, site, or object.

78 VII. GUIDELINES FOR DEMOLITION AND MOVING C

An application for demolition will C. Moving Since the relocation of a historic structure RADOCK be approved if the preservation of a is a rare occurrence in a historic district, structure, site, or object is found to The moving of any building from its the following Zoning Ordinance Criteria be either physically or economically and Other Criteria may serve as a guide original site should be avoided if at all H unfeasible. If preservation is found to be possible. Once a building has been for both the property owner and the HPC ISTORIC physically and economically feasible, then moved from its original site, it loses in a discussion of the relocation request. the Historic Preservation Commission is its association with the site, and thus 1. Zoning Ordinance Criteria authorized under the Zoning Ordinance loses its place in time. Cradock is a Section 40-54.3.4 of the City of D (Section 40-52.1) to act or promote unique neighborhood, with a unique Portsmouth Zoning Ordinance ISTRICT either public or private action to style of architecture that developed establishes the Relocation Criteria preserve the structure, site or object on very quickly and represents a particular for structures within the city’s its original site or through relocation. period of growth in the city.

historic districts. A decision by the D

Moving a building should be considered Commission approving or denying a ESIGN Guidelines only after it is determined that, Certiﬁcate of Appropriateness for the 1 should it remain at its original site, relocation of a historic structure, or

Demolish a historic structure only G

after all preferable alternatives it would meet sure demolition. All object, shall be guided by: UIDELINES have been exhausted. other avenues should be explored if i. The historic, scenic, cultural, 2 Document the building thoroughly the purpose is the preservation of the aesthetic or architectural through photographs and measured structure. If there is no other option significance of the building, drawings. File this information with to save a building from demolition, structure, site, or object. the City of Portsmouth Planning careful plans should be undertaken to ii. The importance of Department and the Virginia find a suitable site for the structure. the historic structure, Department of Historic Resources. The first choice for relocation should site, or object to the 3 Maintain the empty lot be a vacant site in the historic district. ambiance of a district. appropriately so that it is free of Such a site will allow the building iii. Whether there are definite hazards and trash and is well- to continue to contribute to the plans for the property tended if the site is to remain character of the neighborhood and to be vacated and what vacant for any length of time. ensure compatibility with existing the effect of those plans structures. If the building must on the character of the be moved outside of the historic surrounding area will be. district, a suitable site should be chosen after consulting Chapter VI: Guidelines for New Construction.

79 VII. GUIDELINES FOR DEMOLITION AND MOVING

C. Moving continued Guidelines 6 Select a contractor who has 1 Move buildings only after experience in moving buildings, iv. Whether the historic and check references with structure or object all alternatives to retention UIDELINES have been examined. other building owners who G can be moved without have used this contractor. signiﬁcant damage to 2 Seek guidance from the Department 7 Secure the building from vandalism its physical integrity. of Planning for information about ESIGN moving buildings and documenting and potential weather damage D v. Whether the proposed before and after its move. relocation area is compatible the building on its original site 8 Improve the empty lot in a with the scenic, cultural, before undertaking the move. manner consistent with other aesthetic, historical, and 3 Contact the Virginia Department ISTRICT open space in the historic architectural character of of Historic Resources for assistance D district if the site is to remain the building, structure, prior to moving the building if there vacant for any length of time. site, or object. is a desire for it and the district to remain listed on the Virginia

ISTORIC 2. Other Criteria Landmarks Register and the

H These additional criteria may be National Register of Historic Places. used by the HPC when considering 4 Photograph the building and the an application for demolition. site thoroughly, and also measure RADOCK the building if the move will

C a. The public necessity of the proposed move. require substantial reconstruction. 5 Assess the building’s structural b. The public purpose or interest in the land or condition in order to minimize building(s) to be protected. any damage that might occur during the move. c. The effect of the vacant lot on the continuity of the district and its character. d. The condition of the structure and its probable life expectancy. e. The view of the structure from a public street. f. Whether relocation is the only practical means of saving the 80 structure from demolition. IV. GUIDELINES FOREXISTING STRUCTURES - ELEMENTS UIDELINES G

APPENDICES ESIGN

D A. Approval Matrix ) *LY[PÄJH[LVM(WWYV]HS7YVJLZZ-SV^*OHY[ *4HPU[LUHUJL*OLJRSPZ[ + /PZ[VYPJ7YLZLY]H[PVU*VTTPZZPVU ISTRICT 5L^*VUZ[Y\J[PVU*OLJRSPZ[ D ,.SVZZHY` - 9LMLYLUJLZHUK9LZV\YJLZ ISTORIC H RADOCK C This page intentionally left blank APPENDIX A – APPROVAL MATRIX C LEGEND NR = No Review RADOCK A = Administrative Review H = Historic Preservation Commission Review = Yes = No REVIEW Olde Towne Port Norfolk Park View Cradock Truxtun H DEMO HHHHH ISTORIC

PARTIAL DEMO HHHHH

NEW CONST HHHHH D ADDITIONS HHHHH ISTRICT

REHABILITATION

Windows Maintain NR NR NR NR NR D Replace Original Survey needed ESIGN Consolidation required Design of New HHHAA Change in Size HHHHH G New Opening HHHHH UIDELINES Fill-in Existing HHHHH Change in Materials Composite HAAAA Alum Clad HAAAA Vinyl Clad HHHAA Fiberglass HHHAA Vinyl HHAA Replace Original w/matching NR NR NR NR NR * Exact designPZKLÄULKHZHYLWSPJH[PVUVMKLZPNU[OH[ original material and exact PUJS\KLZI\[PZUV[SPTP[LK[V[OLMVSSV^PUNX\HSP[PLZ! design* THZZPUNZWHJPUNKLW[OKPTLUZPVUZJHSLZPaL Storm Windows HAAAA

WYVWVY[PVUHUKHSSJOHYHJ[LYKLÄUPUNKL[HPSZ Shutters Wood HAAAA (JOHUNLPUHU`VULVM[OLZLX\HSP[PLZTHRLZ[OLWYVQLJ[Z\IQLJ[ Plastic [VKLZPNUYL]PL^ILMVYL^VYRILNPUZ0M^VYRPZJVTWSL[LK Metal Composite HAAAA HUKKVLZUV[YLWSPJH[L[OLL_HJ[KLZPNU`V\TH`ILZ\IQLJ[[V Replace Original w/matching NR NR NR NR NR WLUHS[PLZMVYUV[VI[HPUPUNH*LY[PÄJH[LVM(WWYVWYPH[LULZZ original material and exact design*

0M`V\HYLPUHU`KV\I[HUKPUVYKLYH]VPKWLUHS[PLZ Awnings HHHAA WSLHZLJVUZ\S[[OL7SHUUPUN+LWHY[TLU[

81 APPENDIX A – APPROVAL MATRIX

LEGEND NR = No Review A = Administrative Review H = Historic Preservation Commission Review = Yes = No REVIEW Olde Towne Port Norfolk Park View Cradock Truxtun

UIDELINES Siding

G Maintain NR NR NR NR NR Remove Non-Historic AAAAA Clad Over Existing AA Consolidation required ESIGN Substitute Materials

D Cementitious HHHAA Vinyl AA Aluminium AA Replace Original w/matching NR NR NR NR NR original material and exact

ISTRICT design* D Roof Maintain NR NR NR NR NR Change Design HHHHH New Openings HHHHH ISTORIC Appurtenances HAAAA

H Replace Original w/matching NR NR NR NR NR original material and exact design* Wood NR NR NR NR NR Slate NR NR NR NR NR

RADOCK Metal NR NR NR NR NR

C Asbestos Shingle NR NR NR NR NR Replace w/substitute Metal HHHAA Artificial Slate HHHAA Architectural Shingle HHHAA Asphalt HHHAA

Porch Maintain NR NR NR NR NR Enclose HHHHHExact designPZKLÄULKHZHYLWSPJH[PVUVMKLZPNU[OH[ Remove Porch HHHHH* Change Design HHHHHPUJS\KLZI\[PZUV[SPTP[LK[V[OLMVSSV^PUNX\HSP[PLZ! Add or Change Steps HHHAATHZZPUNZWHJPUNKLW[OKPTLUZPVUZJHSLZPaL Replace w/Substitute HHHAA Materials(partial & full) WYVWVY[PVUHUKHSSJOHYHJ[LYKLÄUPUNKL[HPSZ Composite (railings and columns) (JOHUNLPUHU`VULVM[OLZLX\HSP[PLZTHRLZ[OLWYVQLJ[Z\IQLJ[ Vinyl HHHHH Fiberglass HHHHH[VKLZPNUYL]PL^ILMVYL^VYRILNPUZ0M^VYRPZJVTWSL[LK Wood Resin HHHAAHUKKVLZUV[YLWSPJH[L[OLL_HJ[KLZPNU`V\TH`ILZ\IQLJ[[V Metal WLUHS[PLZMVYUV[VI[HPUPUNH*LY[PÄJH[LVM(WWYVWYPH[LULZZ Replace Original w/matching NR NR NR NR NR original material and exact design* 0M`V\HYLPUHU`KV\I[HUKPUVYKLYH]VPKWLUHS[PLZ 82 WSLHZLJVUZ\S[[OL7SHUUPUN+LWHY[TLU[ APPENDIX A – APPROVAL MATRIX C LEGEND NR = No Review RADOCK A = Administrative Review H = Historic Preservation Commission Review = Yes = No REVIEW Olde Towne Port Norfolk Park View Cradock Truxtun

Doors H Maintain NR NR NR NR NR Change Configuration HHHHH ISTORIC Change Design HHHAA Add Storm/Screen HAAAA Add New Opening HHHHH Fill-in Existing Opening

HHHHH D Replace with Substitute Materials ISTRICT Wood HAAAA Metal HHHAA Fiberglass HHHAA Vinyl HHHAA D Replace Original w/matching NR NR NR NR NR original material and exact ESIGN design*

Chimney G Removal HHHHH Covering/parging HHHAA UIDELINES Change in Height HHHHH Chimney Caps/Vents AAAAA Change in Details/Design HHHHH

Cornice Maintain NR NR NR NR NR Change in Design HHHHH Change in Material HAAAA

Foundation Filling-in Piers HAAAA New Openings HHHAA Fill-in Existing Openings HAAAA * Exact designPZKLÄULKHZHYLWSPJH[PVUVMKLZPNU[OH[ Parging/Cladding HHHAA PUJS\KLZI\[PZUV[SPTP[LK[V[OLMVSSV^PUNX\HSP[PLZ! Gutters THZZPUNZWHJPUNKLW[OKPTLUZPVUZJHSLZPaL Maintain NR NR NR NR NR Replace Original w/matching NR NR NR NR NR WYVWVY[PVUHUKHSSJOHYHJ[LYKLÄUPUNKL[HPSZ original material and exact design* (JOHUNLPUHU`VULVM[OLZLX\HSP[PLZTHRLZ[OLWYVQLJ[Z\IQLJ[ Change in Materials HAAAA Change in Design [VKLZPNUYL]PL^ILMVYL^VYRILNPUZ0M^VYRPZJVTWSL[LK HAAAA HUKKVLZUV[YLWSPJH[L[OLL_HJ[KLZPNU`V\TH`ILZ\IQLJ[[V Lighting HHHAA WLUHS[PLZMVYUV[VI[HPUPUNH*LY[PÄJH[LVM(WWYVWYPH[LULZZ Paint Change in Color HAAAA 0M`V\HYLPUHU`KV\I[HUKPUVYKLYH]VPKWLUHS[PLZ Repainting Same Color NR NR NR NR NR WSLHZLJVUZ\S[[OL7SHUUPUN+LWHY[TLU[ 83 APPENDIX A – APPROVAL MATRIX

LEGEND NR = No Review A = Administrative Review H = Historic Preservation Commission Review = Yes = No REVIEW Olde Towne Port Norfolk Park View Cradock Truxtun

UIDELINES SITE G Walkways Maintain NR NR NR NR NR Replace Original w/matching NR NR NR NR NR

ESIGN original material and exact

D design* Replace with Non-original HAAAA Historic Materials Replace with Substitute HHHAA Materials New Walkway ISTRICT HHHAA D Driveways/Parking Areas Maintain NR NR NR NR NR Replace Original w/matching NR NR NR NR NR original material and exact

ISTORIC design* Replace with Non-original HAAAA

H Historic Materials Replace with Substitute HHHAA Materials HHHHH Covering of Historic Materials

RADOCK New Driveway HHHHH C Lighting Major Scheme HHHHH

Landscape/Plantings Exact designPZKLÄULKHZHYLWSPJH[PVUVMKLZPNU[OH[ Maintain NR NR NR NR NR * Seasonal Plantings NR NR NR NR NR PUJS\KLZI\[PZUV[SPTP[LK[V[OLMVSSV^PUNX\HSP[PLZ! Major Alterations HHHHHTHZZPUNZWHJPUNKLW[OKPTLUZPVUZJHSLZPaL Berming/Earthworks HHHHH Historic Plantings (removal) HAAAAWYVWVY[PVUHUKHSSJOHYHJ[LYKLÄUPUNKL[HPSZ

Outbuildings (JOHUNLPUHU`VULVM[OLZLX\HSP[PLZTHRLZ[OLWYVQLJ[Z\IQLJ[ Maintain NR NR NR NR NR [VKLZPNUYL]PL^ILMVYL^VYRILNPUZ0M^VYRPZJVTWSL[LK Removing Historic HHHHH Alterations to Existing HAAAAHUKKVLZUV[YLWSPJH[L[OLL_HJ[KLZPNU`V\TH`ILZ\IQLJ[[V New Construction HHHAAWLUHS[PLZMVYUV[VI[HPUPUNH*LY[PÄJH[LVM(WWYVWYPH[LULZZ Appurtenances New HAAAA 0M`V\HYLPUHU`KV\I[HUKPUVYKLYH]VPKWLUHS[PLZ WSLHZLJVUZ\S[[OL7SHUUPUN+LWHY[TLU[

84 APPENDIX A – APPROVAL MATRIX C LEGEND NR = No Review Exact designPZKLÄULKHZHYLWSPJH[PVUVMKLZPNU[OH[ RADOCK * A = Administrative Review PUJS\KLZI\[PZUV[SPTP[LK[V[OLMVSSV^PUNX\HSP[PLZ! H = Historic Preservation Commission Review THZZPUNZWHJPUNKLW[OKPTLUZPVUZJHSLZPaL = Yes = No REVIEW Olde Towne Port Norfolk Park View Cradock Truxtun

WYVWVY[PVUHUKHSSJOHYHJ[LYKLÄUPUNKL[HPSZ Fences and Walls H Maintain NR NR NR NR NR (JOHUNLPUHU`VULVM[OLZLX\HSP[PLZTHRLZ[OLWYVQLJ[Z\IQLJ[ Removing Historic HHHHH ISTORIC New Construction HAAAA [VKLZPNUYL]PL^ILMVYL^VYRILNPUZ0M^VYRPZJVTWSL[LK Materials HUKKVLZUV[YLWSPJH[L[OLL_HJ[KLZPNU`V\TH`ILZ\IQLJ[[V Chain Link Split Rail D WLUHS[PLZMVYUV[VI[HPUPUNH*LY[PÄJH[LVM(WWYVWYPH[LULZZ Concrete Block Vinyl ISTRICT 0M`V\HYLPUHU`KV\I[HUKPUVYKLYH]VPKWLUHS[PLZ Brick WSLHZLJVUZ\S[[OL7SHUUPUN+LWHY[TLU[ Wood Picket Stone Metal D Replace Original w/matching NR NR NR NR NR original material and exact ESIGN design*

Pools HAAAA G UIDELINES

85 This page intentionally left blank APPENDIX B – CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL PROCESS FLOWCHART C RADOCK H ISTORIC D ISTRICT D ESIGN G UIDELINES

87 This page intentionally left blank APPENDIX C – MAINTENANCE CHECKLIST C

Proper maintenance of your house A. Roof T Materials: Is the surface of RADOCK includes periodic inspections to identify masonry flaking, crumbling, What to look for... problems before they cause significant or are units missing? Is the T Materials: Is there warping, mortar loose or crumbling? damage. Regular maintenance will stop severe wear, cracking, lumps, Is the wood siding cracked, H any deterioration already begun and curling, decay, splitting, loose, rotted, or split? Do ISTORIC provides an easy and less expensive way rusting, loose pieces, courses of siding appear to maintain the physical condition of missing pieces, broken straight or wavy? Are your building. It is a good idea to keep pieces, thin material? the walls stained? Is documentation of yearly maintenance T Structure: Is the roof paint peeling, cracking, D blistering, or chalking? ISTRICT for present and future homeowners. level, or does it sag? T Roof flashing, Gutters, T Porch floors: Are there Perform this maintenance Downspouts: Is there cracks, splits, loose boards, missing boards, rot? check once each year, preferably rusting, paint loss, sagging, D after a moderate rainfall. missing, or torn pieces, T Trim elements: Is there ESIGN blockages, poor drainage? peeling paint, cracks, T Chimney: Is the chimney or loose pieces? G sagging, leaning, or bowing? Estimated Life Span and UIDELINES Are the mortar joints Repairs Required tight? Is the chimney cap 1. Dry, properly maintained rusting or missing? Are wall structure should bricks loose or missing? last indefinitely. Estimated Life Span and 2. Masonry units can Repairs Required last for centuries with 1. Repair roof materials proper maintenance. every 5-10 years. 3. Painted surfaces may require 2. Metal roofing should be repainting every 5-10 years. painted every 5-10 years. 4. Paint previously B. Exterior Walls painted masonry surfaces approximately What to look for... every 10 years. T Structure: Are the walls 5. Repaint wood surfaces leaning, bowing, bulging? every 5-8 years. Are cracks evident? Are the door and window 6. Wood floorboards should openings square? last 50 years or more.

89 APPENDIX C – MAINTENANCE CHECKLIST

C. Windows and Doors D. Exterior Features What to look for... What to look for... T Operation: Do windows T Exterior Elements: Are

UIDELINES and doors open and porches, stairs, railings,

G close smoothly? cornices, and other exterior T Glass: Is the glass broken? Is features in good repair? the glazing secure? Do the Are elements missing? ESIGN glass panes ﬁt securely? Are T Paint: Is the paint cracked, D the stops and putty secure? faded, or peeling? T Frames, etc.: Do the frame, Estimated Life Span and muntins, sash, and door Repairs Required ISTRICT show signs of rot or insect T Repaint every 5-10 D damage? Is the threshold years, depending on rotted? Are there open joints surface and conditions. around the frames and trim?

ISTORIC T Hardware: Is the E. Foundation hardware operational H What to look for... and in good repair? T Masonry: Does water drain T Weatherization: Is the away from the foundation? Is weatherstripping in masonry flaking, crumbling, RADOCK good repair? Do storm spalling, cracking? Is C windows fit tightly? Are masonry loose or missing? the screens damaged? Is the mortar secure? Estimated Life Span and T Structure: Is the wall Repairs Required bulging or bowing? 1. Windows should last T Vegetation: Are algae, 100 years or more. moss, vines growing 2. Repaint every 5-8 years, on the foundation? as necessary depending T Water Control: Do on weathering. downspouts have 3. Window glass should splash blocks? last indefinitely. Estimated Life Span and 4. Hardware, properly treated, Repairs Required should last indefinitely. 1. Properly maintained 5. Putty should last 10-15 masonry should last years. indefinitely. 6. Caulking should 2. Pointing should last 90 last 15-20 years. 50 years or more. APPENDIX D – HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION NEW CONSTRUCTION CHECKLIST C

This checklist was developed for the D. Plantings and Trees 2. New Construction RADOCK Historic Preservation Commission T Protect existing to use when considering the A. The checklist below should T Character design of new construction in the be used as a reminder for the H architectural review process. T Scale basic concepts to consider when reviewing an application ISTORIC E. Fences for the construction of a new 1. Site Design T Location building in the historic district. A. Site elements should be designed T Size D ISTRICT to reﬂect the established patterns B. Setback T Materials of adjacent lots. The checklist T Distance to street below will serve as a reminder T Detail of the items that should be T Zoning Requirements C. Orientation D ESIGN considered when considering T Faces primary street site features as part of a new F. Lighting

construction application. T Style D. Spacing G T Level of Illumination T Respect historic precedent UIDELINES B. Walkways and Driveways T Location E. Massing T Location T Size T Relates to existing structures T Size T Materials F. Complexity of Form T Materials T Number T Form relates to T Textures/Finish existing structures G. Mechanical and C. Sheds and Garages Utilities Screening G. Height, Width, and Scale T Location T Location T Within 10 percent of adjacent T Style T Visibility T Similar width to existing T Scale T Includes porch T Materials H. Directional Expression T Roof Slope T Compatible with surrounding

91 APPENDIX D – HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION NEW CONSTRUCTION CHECKLIST

New Construction continued L. Foundation I. Roof Form and Materials T Use brick T Repeats adjacent roof form(s) T Height, contrast, and texture UIDELINES reﬂects adjacent historic

G T Historic pitch T Dark gray color M. Materials

ESIGN T Uses historic materials

D J. Doors and Windows or substitute materials T Relates ratio, rhythm that provide same and proportion of visual appearance openings to existing ISTRICT N. Color D T Raised surrounds frame openings T Follows guidelines for district T Styles relate to T Historically appropriate ISTORIC historic precedent for period of construction H T Wood construction preferable O. Additions T True divided light or three- T Located where not part simulated divided light visible from street RADOCK

C T Storm windows and T Attached so that addition doors divisions follow may be removed without windows/doors damage to main structure T Shutters scaled-to-fit T Scaled to not overpower window openings existing structure T Shutters mounted on hinges T Structure retains original orientation K. Porches T Roofline of addition T Design includes porch secondary to existing T Design reflects size, T Design compatible with materials, proportion, and historic structure placement of original

92 APPENDIX E – GLOSSARY C RADOCK

ADDITION. A new part such as BATTERED PIER. A pier which CEMENTITIOUS SIDING. Also

a wing, ell, or porch added to an tapers from the bottom up so that referred to as fiber-cement siding H existing building or structure. the top dimension is smaller than it is made from portland cement, ISTORIC the bottom dimension. Often ground sand, wood fiber, and in some ALLIGATORING. A condition associated with the Craftsman style. instances, clay. Available in a variety of paint failure that occurs when of historic siding profiles and shingle the layers crack in a pattern that BAY. A part of a structure D patterns it may be more resistant to resembles the skin of an alligator. defined by vertical divisions such ISTRICT rot and insect damage than wood. as adjacent columns or piers. ALTERATION. Any change, CLAPBOARD. Horizontally modification, or addition to BAY WINDOW. Fenestration projecting

laid wooden boards which taper D the exterior any building or from an exterior wall surface and often from the bottom to the top. ESIGN structure or any part thereof. forming a recess in the interior space. CLADDING. Any exterior wall

APPURTENANCE. An accessory BOND. The arrangement of bricks G covering, including masonry. property element, such as an (headers and stretchers) within a wall. UIDELINES outbuilding or mechanical unit. CLASSICAL. Pertaining to the BRACKET. A wooden or stone architecture of Greece and Rome, or to BALUSTER. One of the vertical decorative support beneath a the styles inspired by this architecture. members contained within an projecting ﬂoor, window, or cornice. railing. Often balusters are found in CLIPPED GABLE ROOF. A roof type CAME. The soft division piece which is pairs at each stair tread. They are in which the gable ends are cut back at located at the seams in glass in either a usually turned pieces of wood. their peaks and a small roof section is stained glass or leaded glass window. added to create an abbreviated hipped BARGEBOARD. A sometimes CAPITAL. The upper portion form. Also called a jerkinhead roof. richly ornamented board placed of a column or pilaster. on the verge (incline) or the gable COLUMN. A vertical support, usually to conceal the ends of rafters. CASEMENT WINDOW. Windows that supporting a member above. are hinged at the side and open outwards. BATTEN. The vertical member which COMPLEX ROOF. A roof that is Often these have multiple window panes. is located at the seam between two a combination of hipped and gable adjoining pieces of wood, often used CAULKING. A non-hardening forms and may contain turrets or in exterior wood siding and doors. putty used to seal the joint at an towers. The majority of these occur intersection of two different materials. on Queen Anne style houses.

93 APPENDIX E – GLOSSARY

CORNERBOARD. The vertical DOWNSPOUT. A pipe for directing FOUNDATION. The base of a building board which is found at the corners rain water from the roof to the ground. which sits directly on the ground. of a building and covers the seam EAVE. The edge of the roof FRIEZE. A horizontal band, sometimes

UIDELINES made by horizontal siding boards. that extends past the walls. decorated with sculpture relief, located G CORNICE. The upper, projecting part immediately below the cornice. ENGLISH BASEMENT. The lowest, of a classical entablature or a decorative mostly above grade, ﬂoor of a residential GABLE ROOF. A pitched roof ESIGN treatment of the eaves of a roof.

D building. The main entrance to the in the shape of a triangle. CORNICE RETURN. When the dwelling is at the level of the ﬂoor above. GAMBREL ROOF. A roof in which cornice is terminated by itself by turning ENTABLATURE. This is an element the angle of pitch changes part way in at a right angle towards the gable. ISTRICT of classical architecture which refers between the ridge and eaves.

D CRAWL SPACE. The space located to the area located above the column. GLAZING. Another term beneath the ﬁrst ﬂoor. The space has It is composed of the architrave, for glass or other transparent not been fully excavated and is often cornice, and frieze. It also refers to material used in windows. ISTORIC used for mechanical equipment. the elements of a classical cornice.

H HIPPED ROOF. A roof with CRESTING. A decorative ridge FACADE. The front face or slopes on all four sides. They are for a roof, usually constructed elevation of a building. more common on older houses of ornamental metal.

RADOCK FANLIGHT. A semi-circular than on those built after 1940.

C DENTILS. Small square blocks found in window with radiating muntins, INFILL BUILDING. A new series on many cornices, moldings, etc. located above a door. structure built in a block or DORIC. One of the classical orders FASCIA. The horizontal member which row of existing buildings. of architecture characterized by serves as the outer edge of the eave. INTEGRITY. Authenticity of a simply carved capital and base FENESTRATION. The arrangement a property’s historic identity, with less decoration than either of the openings of a building. evidenced by the survival of physical the Ionic or Corinthian orders. characteristics that existed during FINIAL. An ornament that DORMER. A small window with its the property’s historic period. caps a gable, hip, pinnacle, or own roof projecting from a sloping roof. other architectural feature. LEADED GLASS. Glass DOUBLE-HUNG SASH. A type of set in pieces of lead. FLASHING. Pieces of metal used window with lights (or windowpanes) for waterprooﬁng roof joints. LIGHT. A section of a window; on both upper and lower sashes, the glass or pane. which move up and down in vertical FLUTE. A recessed groove found grooves one in front of the other. on an column or pilaster. 94 APPENDIX E – GLOSSARY C

LINTEL. A horizontal beam over an PILASTER. A pier attached to REHABILITATION. Returning a RADOCK opening carrying the weight of the wall. a wall with a shallow depth and property to a state of utility through sometimes treated as a classical column repair or alteration which makes possible MODILLION. A block or bracket in with a base, shaft, and capital. an efficient contemporary use while the cornice of classical architecture. H preserving those portions or features PITCH. The degree of slope of a roof. ISTORIC MOLDING. Horizontal bands that are significant to its historical, having either rectangular or POINTING. Filling the mortar architectural, and cultural values. curved profiles, or both, used for joint between two bricks. REMODEL. To alter a structure in a D transition or decorative relief. PORTE-COCHERE. An exterior shelter way that may or may not be sensitive ISTRICT MUNTIN. A glazing bar that often used to cover a portion of the to the preservation of its significant separates panes of glass. driveway area on the side of a house. architectural forms and features. D PALLADIAN WINDOW. A PORTICO. An entrance porch often RENOVATION. See REHABILITATION ESIGN neoclassical style window that is supported by columns and sometimes RESTORATION. Accurately recovering divided into three sections. The topped by a pedimented roof; can the form and details of a property and middle section is larger than the be open or partially enclosed. G

its setting as it appeared at a particular UIDELINES other two and is usually arched. PRESERVATION. The sustaining of period of time, by removing later work PARGING. Plaster, mortar, or a similar the existing form, integrity, and material and/or replacing missing earlier work. mixture used to coat walls or chimneys. of a building or structure and the RETROFIT. To furnish a building with existing form and vegetation of a site. PATINA. Usually a green ﬁlm that new parts or equipment not available forms naturally on copper and bronze by PRIMER. A base coat used prior at the time of original construction. long exposure or artiﬁcially (as by acids) to painting to prepare a surface. REPOINT. To remove old mortar and often valued aesthetically for its color. QUOINS. Large stones, or from courses of masonry and PEDIMENT. A triangular section rectangular pieces of wood or brick, replace it with new mortar. framed by a horizontal molding on its used to decorate, accentuate and REVEAL. The depth of wall thickness base and two raking (sloping) moldings reinforce the corners of a building; between its outer face and a window on each of its sides. Used as a crowning laid in vertical series with, usually, or door set in an opening. element for doors, porticos, and windows. alternately large and small blocks. RISING DAMP. A condition in PIER. An upright structure of masonry RAIL. The horizontal framing member which moisture from the ground serving as a principal support. found between panels in a door. rises into the walls of a building. SASH. The movable part of a window holding the glass. 95 APPENDIX E – GLOSSARY

SETBACK. The distance SYNTHETIC SIDING. Any siding between a building and the made of vinyl, aluminum, or other front of the property line. material to resemble a variety of

UIDELINES authentic wood siding types. SHED ROOF. A simple roof form G consisting of a single inclined plane. TRANSOM. The window area above the front door. SIDELIGHTS. Narrow ESIGN

D windows ﬂanking a door. TURRET. A small tower placed at the corner of a building SILL. The horizontal water- and extending above it. shedding member at the bottom

ISTRICT of a door or window. VERNACULAR. Indigenous

D architecture that generally is not SPALLING. A condition in which designed by an architect and may be pieces of masonry split off from the characteristic of a particular area. Many surface, usually caused by weather. ISTORIC simpler buildings that were constructed

H STABILIZATION. The re- in the late-nineteenth century and establishment of a weather-resistant early-twentieth century are considered enclosure and the structural stability vernacular because they do not exhibit

RADOCK of an unsafe or deteriorated property enough characteristics to relate to

C while maintaining the essential a particular architectural style. form as it currently exists. WEATHERBOARD SIDING. A STANDING-SEAM METAL ROOFS. horizontal exterior wallboard laid on A roof where long narrow pieces of edge overlapping the next board below. metal are joined with raised seams. STILE. A vertical framing member of a paneled door. STRING COURSE. A continuous horizontal band of masonry used for decorative purposes. STUCCO. Exterior wall plaster.

96 APPENDIX F – REFERENCES AND RESOURCES C

A. GENERAL REFERENCES National Register Bulletins B. RESOURCE ORGANIZATIONS RADOCK The National Park Service offers a series AND WEB SITES Preservation Books of free publications covering a variety 1. Local of subjects, including the National A large variety of books addressing City of Portsmouth, Virginia H various topics of preservation are Register of Historic Places, preservation available from the National Trust for planning, historic landscapes and historic Planning Department ISTORIC documentation methods. Bulletins may Historic Preservation website. Subjects City Hall that may be of interest include: be ordered from the website listed below. 801 Crawford Street, 4th Floor

Website: www.cr.nps.gov/nr/ D Q Basics of Preservation Portsmouth, Virginia 23704 publications/bulletins.htm ISTRICT Q Building Better Organizations Phone: (757) 393-8836 Q Living in a Historic Community Technical Preservation Services Fax: (757) 393-5223 Q Communities and Sprawl Online Education Website: www.portsmouthva.gov/planning/ D

Q Economics of Historic Preservation A number of interactive websites hosted ESIGN by the Technical Preservation Services Q Fund Raising of the National Park Service cover

Q Advocacy topics including moisture, maintenance, Department of Permits and Inspections G

rehabilitation and tax incentives. UIDELINES Q Preservation and the Phone: (757) 393-8531 Natural Environment Website: Website: www.portsmouthva.gov/buildingofﬁcial/index.htm Q Preserving Special Building Types www.cr.nps.gov/hps/tps/online_ed.htm Q Disaster Preparedness Q Program Models Cradock Civic League Q Heritage Tourism Website: www.historiccradock.org Q Heritage Education Website: www.preservationbooks.org

97 APPENDIX F – REFERENCES AND RESOURCES

B. RESOURCE ORGANIZATIONS Virginia Historical Society Virginia Department of Housing and AND WEB SITES continued Founded in 1831, the Society’s Community Development mission is to collect, preserve, and The Department of Housing and 2. State interpret the Commonwealth’s past Community Development (DHCD) UIDELINES for the education and enjoyment of is dedicated to improving the quality

G Virginia Department of Historic present and future generations. of communities in Virginia. Resources The Virginia Department of Historic 428 North Boulevard Website: www.dhcd.virginia.gov/

ESIGN Resources maintains information on the Richmond, VA 23220 Virginia General Assembly D Commonwealth’s historic architecture Phone: (804) 358-4901 and archaeological sites. It is the mission A site with links to the State Assembly, of the Department to foster, encourage, Fax: (804) 355-2399 the Legislative Information System and the Commonwealth Net Server. and support the stewardship of Virginia’s Website: www.vahistorical.org ISTRICT signiﬁcant historic, architectural, Website: legis.state.va.us/ D archaeological, and cultural resources. Library of Virginia Serving the archival and research Virginia Society AIA Website: www.dhr.virginia.gov needs of Virginians since 1823. The VSAIA is the state component of the American Institute of Architects.

ISTORIC Website: www.lva.lib.va.us/ Tidewater Regional Preservation Office Since 1914, VSAIA has represented H University of Mary Washington the professional interests of architects Randolph Turner, Director in the Commonwealth of Virginia. 14415 Old Courthouse Way, 2nd Floor Center for Historic Preservation Since 1980 the Center has served Website: www.aiava.org Newport News, VA 23608 RADOCK as a research and public outreach Virginia’s Main Street Program C Phone: (757) 886-2807 organization that sponsors conferences, organizes student fieldwork, and Since 1985, Virginia Main Street has been Email: randolph.turner@ provides professional and technical helping localities revitalize the economic dhr.virginia.gov assistance to property owners, local vitality of downtown commercial districts governments and private organizations. using the National Main Street Center’s APVA/Preservation Virginia successful Main Street Approach. APVA/Preservation Virginia mission Website: www.umw.edu/cas/chp Website: www.dhcd.virginia.gov/main- is to preserve and promote Virginia’s heritage of irreplaceable historic Virginia Chapter - American Planning street/ structures, collections, communities Association and archaeological sites and thereby Founded in 1970 this organization provide cultural, economic and promotes the use of planning to address educational benefits to the public. physical, economic and social change. 204 West Franklin Street Website: www.vaplanning.org Richmond, VA 23220 Phone: (804) 648-1889 Fax: (804) 775-0802 98 Website: www.apva.org APPENDIX F – REFERENCES AND RESOURCES C

3. Federal/National National Alliance of Preservation National Park Service: Heritage RADOCK Commissions Preservation Services Advisory Council on Historic Federal The NAPC is a private, non-proﬁt A web site offering information on Preservation 501(c)(3) corporation that builds strong preservation planning, grants, tax credits, The Advisory Council on Historic local preservation programs through training, news, mapping and legislation. H

Preservation is an independent education, training, and advocacy. ISTORIC Federal agency created by the Website: www.cr.nps.gov/hps/ Website: www.uga.edu/sed/pso/pro- National Historic Preservation Act National Park Service: Links to the grams/napc/napc.htm of 1966 (NHPA) and is the major Past policy advisor to the Government in National Conference of State Historic A comprehensive listing of links relating D ISTRICT the field of historic preservation. Preservation Officers to history and culture. Subjects include Website: www.achp.gov The National Conference of State grants, how-to, tax incentives, standards Historic Preservation Officers is the and guidelines, and regulations. Association for the Preservation of professional association of the State Website: www.cr.nps.gov/preservation. D

Civil War Sites government ofﬁcials who carry out the ESIGN Founded in 1987 by a group of national historic preservation program htm historians deeply concerned over the as delegatees of the Secretary of the National Trust for Historic

irresponsible development and eradication G Interior pursuant to the National Historic Preservation of America’s Civil War battlefields, UIDELINES Preservation Act (16 USC 470). The National Trust for Historic the Association for the Preservation Preservation, chartered by Congress in of Civil War Sites is a membership- Website: www.ncshpo.org 1949, is a private, nonprofit organization driven national non-profit organization National Archive and Records Admin- dedicated to protecting historic resources. headquartered in Washington, istration It fights to save historic buildings, and DC. APCWS acts to preserve and The National Archive’s mission is the neighborhoods and landscapes they protect these hallowed grounds by to ensure ready access to essential anchor through education and advocacy. directly purchasing the property or evidence that documents the rights of negotiating protective easements. American citizens, the actions of federal Website: www.nationaltrust.org/ Website: www.civilwar.org officials, and the national experience. National Trust Main Street Center Provides information and resources on Cyburbia Website: www.archives.gov the Main Street program of downtown Cyburbia contains a comprehensive National Center for Preservation revitalization through historic directory of Internet resources preservation and economic development. relevant to planning, architecture, Technology and Training urbanism and other topics related NCPTT promotes and enhances Website: www.mainstreet.org/ to the built environment. the preservation and conservation of prehistoric and historic resources Partners for Sacred Places Website: www.cyburbia.org in the United States for present This organization promotes the and future generations through the stewardship and active community advancement and dissemination of use of America’s older and preservation technology and training. historic religious properties. Website: www.ncptt.nps.gov/About-Us. Website: www.sacredplaces.org aspx 99 APPENDIX F – REFERENCES AND RESOURCES

B. RESOURCE ORGANIZATIONS Sprawl Watch Clearinghouse American Planning Association AND WEB SITES continued Its mission is to develop tools, The APA and its professional institute, techniques, and strategies to the American Institute of Certiﬁed Preservation Action manage growth, and to make them Planners, are organized to advance the UIDELINES Founded in 1974, Preservation Action accessible to citizens, grassroots art and science of planning and to foster G advocates federal legislation to further organizations, environmentalists, the activity of planning — physical, the impact of historic preservation at public ofﬁcials, planners, architects, economic, and social — at the local, the local, state and national levels. the media and business leaders. regional, state, and national levels. ESIGN Website: www.planning.org/ D Website: www.preservationaction.org Website: www.sprawlwatch.org Preserve Net Surface Transportation Policy Project Conservation Online Begun 1994, Preserve Net is A nationwide coalition working CoOL, a project of the Preservation to ensure safer communities and Department of Stanford University

ISTRICT comprehensive database for smarter transportation choices. Libraries, is a full-text library of

D preservationists organized into conservation information, covering a sections on economics, law, awards, Website: www.transact.org education, and outside links. wide spectrum of topics of interest to those involved with the conservation of Website: www.preservenet.cornell.edu/ ISTORIC 4. Technical and library, archives and museum materials.

H Scenic America Professional Links Website: palimpsest.stanford.edu/ Scenic America is the only national nonproﬁt organization dedicated American Cultural Resource Journal of Architectural Conservation to preserving and enhancing the Association An essential journal for practitioners

RADOCK scenic character of America’s ACRA’s mission is to promote the and scholars in the field, the Journal C communities and countryside. professional, ethical and business of Architectural Conservation, practices of the cultural resources offers a wide-ranging review of Website: www.scenic.org industry, including all of its affiliated research and innovative practice. Society for American Archaeology disciplines, for the benefit of the Website: www.donhead.com/Journal_ resources, the public, and the The SAA is an international of_20Architectural_Conservation.htm organization dedicated to the research, members of the association. interpretation, and protection of the Website: www.acra-crm.org/ Old House Journal Online archaeological heritage of the Americas. The OHJ online offers practical advice American Institute of Architects publications, forums, historic house Website: www.saa.org Provides information on both plans and a restoration directory. consumer and professional issues Society for Commercial Archeology Website: www.oldhousejournal.com Established in 1977, the SCA is the related to architecture. oldest national organization devoted Website: www.aia.org Preservation Trades Network to the buildings, artifacts, structures, It provides a much needed opportunity signs, and symbols of the 20th- for both experienced and novice members century commercial landscape. of the preservation trades community to exchange experiences, skills, and ideas. Website: www.sca-roadside.org Website: iptw.org/home.htm 100 APPENDIX F – REFERENCES AND RESOURCES C

Preservation Web RADOCK Preservation Web is an online guide to thousands of specialized services and products you need to successfully restore, rehabilitate and preserve H

America’s historic buildings. It ISTORIC is hosted through Restore Media, publisher of Traditional Building, Period Homes, and Old House Journal. Website: www.preservationweb.com/ D ISTRICT Traditional Building Magazine Online This website is a gateway to leading suppliers of traditionally styled products and related services. These products D are appropriate for restoration and ESIGN renovation of older structures — as well as traditionally styled new buildings. G

Website: www.traditional-building.com/ UIDELINES

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801 Crawford Street Portsmouth, VA 23704 757.393.8836 www.portsmouthva.gov/planning