DOCSLIB.ORG

Second Session 23 January 1922, 11A.M

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Second Session 23 January 1922, 11A.M Second Session 23 January 1922, 11a.m. Chairman: Comrade Safarov. Chairman. The Second Session of the Congress of the Toilers of the Far East is hereby declared opened. We will now have to elect a Mandate Commission, and confirm the agenda and the rules of procedure. Shumyatsky.1 The representative of the Mongolian delegation has presented the following list of delegates for the Mandate Commission. The principle is as follows: Representation from every delegation and from the Executive Com- mittee of the Comintern. Altogether, the following list has been presented: 1. Nogi [Taguchi Unzo]. 2. Roy [M.N. Roy] 3. Sun. 4. Won. 5. Tsoy [Cho’e].2 6. Zadbayev. 7. Kim. 8. Buyan-Namkhu [Sonombaljiryn Buyannemekh]. 9. Yurin.3 10. Trilisser.4 11. Voytinsky [Voitinsky].5 12. Dalin.6 13. Shumyatsky. 1 If Boris Zakharovich Shumyatsky (1886–1938) is remembered at all today, it is as the Soviet film industry head who persecuted Sergei Eisenstein. But in 1922, Shumyatsky was the most powerful man in Siberia, regional representative of the Party and the Soviet government, chairman of the Siberian military district, and director of the Far Eastern Bureau of the Comintern. He had previously served as prime minister of the Far Eastern Republic. Zhang Guotao regarded Shumyatsky as a high-handed, virtual dictator who lived a privileged life- style in the midst of mass hunger, and dubbed him the ‘King of Siberia’. Shumyatsky was appointed rector of the Communist University of the Toilers of the East in 1926. In 1930, he was put in charge of Soyuz Kino. History has judged him harshly for his treatment of Eis- enstein, Kuleshov, and other formalist directors. But avant-garde films were unpopular with Soviet audiences and signature techniques of formalism, such as montage, were losing their relevance with the onset of sound. Shumyatsky planned to build a Soviet Hollywood near Odessa and make films with mass appeal, but he was unable to meet production targets. After the expensive failure of Bezhin Meadow (ironically directed by Eisenstein), he was accused of sabotage and shot in June 1938. See Zhang Guotao 1971, Vol. 1, Part 4, pp. 171–209; see also Taylor 1991. 2 Probably Ch’oe Koryŏ who was a delegate from the First Korean Brigade of the Red Army and one of the leaders of the Irkutsk faction of Korean Communists. 3 M.I. Yurin undertook what was probably the first Soviet (more accurately, quasi-Soviet) dip- lomatic mission to China, on behalf of the Far Eastern Republic, in August 1920. See Wilbur and How 1989, p. 22. 4 Mikhail Trilisser (1883–1940) joined the RSDLP in 1901. He was exiled to Siberia and after the 1917 revolution was active in Irkutsk and helped establish the Far Eastern Republic in 1920. In © koninklijke brill nv, leiden, 2019 | doi:10.1163/9789004280670_005 66 second session Chairman. As there are no other proposals, I will take the vote on the list of members for the Mandate Commission. Those in favour of the list of the Man- date Commission will kindly raise their delegate’s card. Those against? The list is accepted. Comrade Katayama has now a proposition to make concerning the order of the day. Katayama. I propose the agenda as follows: Agenda. 1. International situation and results of the Washington Conference. (Report by Zinoviev). 2. Reports from each country. 3. Position of the Communists in the national and colonial question and collaboration of Communists with national-revolutionary parties. 4. Manifesto. Chairman. Are there any objections to the agenda as proposed? Are there any other propositions to the agenda? No?Then we will consider the agenda as pro- posed adopted. We will now decide on the rules of procedure. The Presidium proposes the following rules: Rules of procedure. 1. Time allowed for reports, 1 hour. 2. Time allowed for concluding words, 30 minutes. 3. Time allowed for general discussions, first time 15 minutes; second time, 10 minutes and third time 5 minutes. 4. Orators speaking for or against a motion, 10 minutes. 5. Questions on reports must be presented in writing and only while [the] report is being made. 1921, he joined the Cheka and later rose to a leading position in the OGPU. He was arrested and executed in 1940. 5 Grigori Voitinsky (1893–1953) played a key role in establishing the Chinese Communist Party. As an emissary of the Far Eastern Bureau of the Comintern he met with Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao in 1920. The party held its first congress in 1921. 6 Sergei Dalin (1902–85) was a Soviet expert on China. He was sent to China in 1922 and again in 1926. Dalin wrote several books, including Sketches of the Chinese Revolution, published in 1927. He was imprisoned in 1936 and released in 1956..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Social Transition in the North, Vol. 1, No. 4, May 1993
    \ / ' . I, , Social Transition.in thb North ' \ / 1 \i 1 I '\ \ I /? ,- - \ I 1 . Volume 1, Number 4 \ I 1 1 I Ethnographic l$ummary: The Chuko tka Region J I / 1 , , ~lexdderI. Pika, Lydia P. Terentyeva and Dmitry D. ~dgo~avlensly Ethnographic Summary: The Chukotka Region Alexander I. Pika, Lydia P. Terentyeva and Dmitry D. Bogoyavlensky May, 1993 National Economic Forecasting Institute Russian Academy of Sciences Demography & Human Ecology Center Ethnic Demography Laboratory This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DPP-9213l37. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recammendations expressed in this material are those of the author@) and do not ncccssarily reflect the vim of the National Science Foundation. THE CHUKOTKA REGION Table of Contents Page: I . Geography. History and Ethnography of Southeastern Chukotka ............... 1 I.A. Natural and Geographic Conditions ............................. 1 I.A.1.Climate ............................................ 1 I.A.2. Vegetation .........................................3 I.A.3.Fauna ............................................. 3 I1. Ethnohistorical Overview of the Region ................................ 4 IIA Chukchi-Russian Relations in the 17th Century .................... 9 1I.B. The Whaling Period and Increased American Influence in Chukotka ... 13 II.C. Soviets and Socialism in Chukotka ............................ 21 I11 . Traditional Culture and Social Organization of the Chukchis and Eskimos ..... 29 1II.A. Dwelling ..............................................
    [Show full text]
  • Siberiaâ•Žs First Nations
    TITLE: SIBERIA'S FIRST NATIONS AUTHOR: GAIL A. FONDAHL, University of Northern British Columbia THE NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR SOVIET AND EAST EUROPEAN RESEARCH TITLE VIII PROGRAM 1755 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036 PROJECT INFORMATION:1 CONTRACTOR: Dartmouth College PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Gail A. Fondahl COUNCIL CONTRACT NUMBER: 808-28 DATE: March 29, 1995 COPYRIGHT INFORMATION Individual researchers retain the copyright on work products derived from research funded by Council Contract. The Council and the U.S. Government have the right to duplicate written reports and other materials submitted under Council Contract and to distribute such copies within the Council and U.S. Government for their own use, and to draw upon such reports and materials for their own studies; but the Council and U.S. Government do not have the right to distribute, or make such reports and materials available, outside the Council or U.S. Government without the written consent of the authors, except as may be required under the provisions of the Freedom of Information Act 5 U.S.C. 552, or other applicable law. 1 The work leading to this report was supported in part by contract funds provided by the National Council for Soviet and East European Research, made available by the U. S. Department of State under Title VIII (the Soviet-Eastern European Research and Training Act of 1983, as amended). The analysis and interpretations contained in the report are those of the author(s). CONTENTS Executive Summary i Siberia's First Nations 1 The Peoples of the
    [Show full text]
  • World Directory of Minorities
    World Directory of Minorities Europe MRG Directory –> Russian Federation –> Buryats Print Page Close Window Buryats Profile According to the 2002 national census, there are 445,175 Buryats in the Russian Federation. Along with the Kalmyks, the Buryats speak a Mongolic language. The Buryats are concentrated in the Buryat Republic (pop. 981,238: Buryats 27.8 per cent, Russians 67.8 per cent, others 4.4 per cent) as well as Irkutsk Oblast, northern Mongolia and north-west China. The Buryat Lamaist church is part of a Buddhist sect which spread from Tibet to Mongolia in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Some Buryats have adopted Eastern Orthodoxy. Historical context Although Russians penetrated the Buryat homelands as early as the seventeenth century, contacts between the two peoples remained limited until large-scale Russian migration in the eighteenth century. A Buryat nationalist movement developed at the turn of the century in response to the growing Russian presence. In 1921, a Buryat-Mongol AO was established in the Far Eastern Republic; in May 1923 a Buryat-Mongol Autonomous Republic was created. In May 1923 they were merged to form the Buryat- Mongol ASSR. In 1937, the Buryat-Mongol ASSR was divided into three units. Territory west of Lake Baikal (12 per cent of the territory) went to Irkutsk Oblast, establishing a Buryat enclave (the Ust-Orda or Ust-Ordynsk AOk); the eastern steppe (12 per cent) was incorporated into Chita Oblast, where another enclave (the Aga Buryat or Aginsk AOk) was created. This division of the Buryat lands caused resentment. In 1958, in an attempt to eliminate any link with Mongolia, the word Mongol was dropped from the region's title leaving the Buryat ASSR.
    [Show full text]
  • Communism in Yakutia : the First Decade (1918-1928)
    Title Communism in Yakutia : The First Decade (1918-1928) Author(s) Kirby, E. Stuart Citation スラヴ研究, 25, 27-42 Issue Date 1980 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/5096 Type bulletin (article) File Information KJ00000113076.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP COMMUNISM IN YAKUTIA-THE FIRST DECADE (1918-1928) E. Stuart Kirby Introduction The country of the Yakuts - Yakutia, the territory of the Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (YASSR) as it became in 1922, the vast hinterland of the Soviet Far East and Eastern Siberia - is a most significant and interesting component l of the Soviet Union in Asia ). It has enormous mineral, fual and other resources, of primary interest to Japan and the world, still only beginning to be developed. Populated mainly by the Yakuts (a 'Turkic' -speaking people with ancient and peculiar characteristics of their own), a comparatively small number of Russians (many of these more or less 'Yakutised') and very small and scattered minorities of other indigenous peoples of the Northlands, it is a special case in many ways; including that of being rapidly and purposefully changed from a 'primitive' and 'feudal' condition (in the Marxist sense of that term, i. e. backward and pre-capitalist, not in the Euro­ pean and Japanese sense of having a fief system of society) into a Soviet Socialist entity heading towards Communism. Remote and isolated, Yakutia has long been mysterious to the rest of the world, which has had little information on it in either Tsarist or Soviet times. As with the rest of the USSR, however, a 'thaw' began in this respect a few years after the death of Stalin in 1953.
    [Show full text]
  • The Geopolitical Legacy of the Russian Revolution
    University of Birmingham 1917–2017: The Geopolitical Legacy of the Russian Revolution Bassin, Mark; Richardson, Paul; Kolosov, Vladimir; Clowes, Edith W.; Agnew, John; Plokhy, Serhii DOI: 10.1080/14650045.2017.1308107 License: Other (please specify with Rights Statement) Document Version Peer reviewed version Citation for published version (Harvard): Bassin, M, Richardson, P, Kolosov, V, Clowes, EW, Agnew, J & Plokhy, S 2017, '1917–2017: The Geopolitical Legacy of the Russian Revolution', Geopolitics, vol. 22, pp. 665-692. https://doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2017.1308107 Link to publication on Research at Birmingham portal Publisher Rights Statement: This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Geopolitics on 2nd May 2017, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/14650045.2017.1308107 General rights Unless a licence is specified above, all rights (including copyright and moral rights) in this document are retained by the authors and/or the copyright holders. The express permission of the copyright holder must be obtained for any use of this material other than for purposes permitted by law. •Users may freely distribute the URL that is used to identify this publication. •Users may download and/or print one copy of the publication from the University of Birmingham research portal for the purpose of private study or non-commercial research. •User may use extracts from the document in line with the concept of ‘fair dealing’ under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (?) •Users may not further distribute the material nor use it for the purposes of commercial gain. Where a licence is displayed above, please note the terms and conditions of the licence govern your use of this document.
    [Show full text]
  • Federalism in Russia: How Is It Working
    National Intelligence Council Federalism in Russia: How Is It Working Conference Report February 1999 This conference was sponsored by the National Intelligence Council and the Bureau of Intelligence and Research of the US Department of State. John Battilega of the Science Applications International Corporation served as rapporteur. The views expressed in this conference summary are those of individuals and do not represent official US Government positions or views. Contents Conference Highlights Section One: Opening Remarks Section Two: Federalism in Practice: A Comparative Approach Section Three: How Russian Federalism Is Working in Practice Section Four: Russian Regional Views on Federalism Section Five: How Real Is the Danger of Disintegration? Appendixes A. Conference Agenda B. Speaker Biographies C. The Prospect for Disintegration Is Significant D. The Prospect of Disintegration Is Low Conference Highlights On 9-10 December 1998 the National Intelligence Council and the State Department Bureau of Intelligence and Research jointly sponsored a conference that examined the current state of federalism in Russia. The conference consisted of 22 presentations from experts outside the government, interspersed with general discussion between the experts and government attendees. The agenda focused separately on global experiences with federalism, current institutional arrangements between the center and the regions, current political interactions between the center and the regions, and Russian regional views on federalism. The final session featured a competitive analysis of the case for and against disintegration. John Battilega of the Science Applications International Corporation served as rapporteur. Conference participants did not endeavor to produce a coordinated summary of findings. Nevertheless, most participants seemed in agreement on some major issues.
    [Show full text]
  • Northeast China As a Recipient Region of the Russian White Movement
    The Struggle for Power and Leadership in the Far Eastern Frontier in 1917–1922: Northeast China as a Recipient Region of the Russian White Movement Olga Zalesskaia Introduction Northeast China (Dongbei, Manchuria) is the regional entity in the People’s Republic of China, directly bordering Russia’s Far East territories. In its current state, this region comprises Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning provinces. For more than 150 years, a unique historical experience of inter- civilizational contacts has been accumulated here. And in general, the entire historical process of development of the Russian Far East is inextricably linked with Northeast China. This interrelation and interdependence was revealed vividly in the first half of the twentieth century, when the East Asian subsystem of international relations underwent serious transformations. The Xinhai Revolution, China’s political fragmentation, Japan’s pan-Asian plans, revolutionary and socialist transformations in the Russian Far East, and rapid global political change, irreversibly transformed the historical and geographical field of the Far Eastern region, integrated it under new conditions into the Asia-Pacific subsystem, and permanently changed it. Northeast China played the most direct role in these transformations, acting as a military springboard, or as a “gathering force” territory, but always as a field of close interaction between two civilizations (Russian Orthodox and Confucian) during a period of socio-economic and political transformations, and at the same time as an exceptionally significant part of the Far Eastern frontier The concept of “frontier,” was first introduced into scientific circulation by the American historian Frederick Turner (1861–1932) in 1893. The concept of “frontier” gradually began to acquire a broader historical, geopolitical and cultural significance.
    [Show full text]
  • Burgeoning Sino-Russian Economic Relations and the Russian Far East: Prospects and Challenges Asst
    SESSION 2A: International Trade 59 Burgeoning Sino-Russian Economic Relations and the Russian Far East: Prospects and Challenges Asst. Prof. Dr. Çağrı Erdem (Doğuş University, Turkey) Abstract The colossal economic transformations and political intrusions had been affecting brutally China and the Soviet Union in the final decades of the twentieth century. Currently, Russia is a gigantic power, struggling to rebuild its economic base in an era of globalization. There are a number of significant difficulties of guaranteeing a stable domestic order due to demographic shifts, economic changes, and institutional weaknesses. On the other hand, the economic rise of China has attracted a great deal of attention and labeled as a success story by the Western world. The current growth of the Chinese economy is of immense importance for the global economy. Both nations are part of the world’s largest and fastest-growing emerging markets—member of the BRIC. Their respective GDPs are growing at an impressive rate by any global standards. Relations between China and Russia have evolved dramatically throughout the twentieth century. However, it would be fair to argue that during the past decade China and Russia have made a number of efforts to strengthen bilateral ties and improve cooperation on a number of economic/political/diplomatic fronts. The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation maintain exceptionally close and friendly relations, strong geopolitical and regional cooperation, and significant levels of trade. This paper will explore the burgeoning economic and political relationships between the two nations and place the Russian Far East in the context of Russia's bilateral relations with China in order to examine the political, economic, and security significance of the region for both sides.
    [Show full text]
  • The Unraveling of Russia's Far Eastern Power by Felix K
    The Unraveling of Russia's Far Eastern Power by Felix K. Chang n the early hours of September 1, 1983, a Soviet Su-15 fighter intercepted and shot down a Korean Airlines Boeing 747 after it had flown over the I Kamchatka Peninsula. All 269 passengers and crew perished. While the United Statescondemned the act as evident villainyand the Soviet Union upheld the act as frontier defense, the act itselfunderscored the militarystrength Moscow had assembled in its Far Eastern provinces. Even on the remote fringes of its empire, strong and responsive militaryforces stood ready. As has been the case for much of the twentieth century, East Asia respected the Soviet Union and Russialargely because of their militarymight-with the economics and politics of the Russian Far East (RFE) playing important but secondary roles. Hence, the precipitous decline in Russia's Far Eastern forces during the 1990s dealt a serious blow to the country's power and influence in East Asia. At the same time, the regional economy's abilityto support itsmilitaryinfrastructure dwindled. The strikes, blockades, and general lawlessness that have coursed through the RFE caused its foreign and domestic trade to plummet. Even natural resource extraction, still thought to be the region's potential savior, fell victim to bureaucratic, financial, and political obstacles. Worse still, food, heat, and electricityhave become scarce. In the midst of this economic winter, the soldiers and sailors of Russia's once-formidable Far East contingent now languish in their barracks and ports, members of a frozen force.1 Political Disaggregation Since the fall of the Soviet Union, the RFE's political landscape has been littered with crippling conflicts between the center and the regions, among the 1 For the purposes of this article, the area considered to be the Russian Far East will encompass not only the administrative district traditionally known as the Far East, but also those of Eastern Siberia and Western Siberia.
    [Show full text]
  • The Russian Far East: Drift from the Centre?
    Conflict Studies Research Centre E112 The Russian Far East: Drift From The Centre? Dr Mark A Smith Contents Map: Russian Federation 2 The Region 3 Political Profile 5 Vladimir Putin's Assessment - July 2000 7 Viktor Ishayev's Assessment - May 2003 8 Ishayev's Four Scenarios 9 Foreign Interest in the Russian Far East 10 South Korea 11 China 12 Japan 14 USA 14 Future of The Russian Far East 14 Appendix 1 - Regional Fact Sheet 17 Appendix 2 - Sakhalin & Other Major Projects 19 Appendix 3 - Russian Far East - Useful Web Sites 21 1 The Russian Far East: Drift From The Centre? Conflict Studies Research Centre ISBN 1-904423-47-7 September 2003 E112 Dr Mark A Smith Russian Federation 2 E112 The Russian Far East: Drift From The Centre? The Far East and Baikal are a strategic bridgehead of Russia, ensuring her military-political and economic influence in the Asia Pacific region. The federal government and regions of the Russian Federation should jointly make huge efforts to give this region the dynamism which will permit it to be an effective and worthy representative of Russia and implementer of her economic and political interests in this complex and most dynamic region of the world. Viktor Ishayev, Governor of Khabarovsk kray, May 2003.1 The Region The Russian Far East (RFE) is currently defined as the Far Eastern Federal District. This comprises ten territories: Republic of Sakha (Yakutia); Primorskiy and Khabarovsk krays; Sakhalin, Kamchatka, Magadan, Amur oblasts; the Jewish autonomous oblast; Chukotka and Koryak autonomous okrugs. A brief overview of each can be found at Appendix 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Red Press: Radical Print Culture from St. Petersburg to Chicago The
    Red Press: Radical Print Culture from St. Petersburg to Chicago The Russian revolution simmered for decades before finally toppling the imperial government in early 1917 and bringing to power the world’s first Communist government later that same year. Like no other political event the Bolshevik revolution reverberated around the world, carried by political networks via print and visual media. The University of Chicago has a privileged vantage point on the revolution’s “red press,” in large part thanks to Samuel Northrup Harper, son of the University’s founding president, William Rainey Harper. During his extensive sojourns in Russia Samuel Harper collected first-hand documentation of Russian culture and politics from 1904 to the late 1930s, with a particular emphasis on the revolutionary decade between 1905 and 1917. In January 1905 he was on Palace Square in St. Petersburg during the infamous Bloody Sunday encounter. In the summer of 1917 he was back in the imperial capital, now named Petrograd, to witness the tumult between the February and October revolutions. In between he spent half of each year at the University of Chicago teaching courses in Russian, laying the foundations of the University’s programs in Russian studies. Red Press augments Harper’s collection of handbills, pamphlets, and other revolutionary ephemera with material from other holdings in Special Collections that document how Russia’s revolution was described, imagined and disseminated, from the Far East to the streets of Chicago. ANDO CASE Soviet Propaganda Posters The transformation of the former Russian Empire into a socialist state required the mass organization of people, material and minds.
    [Show full text]
  • Government Partners of the Bolsheviks the Russian Socialist Revolutionaries in the Far Eastern Republic, 1920-22
    MARCJANSEN GOVERNMENT PARTNERS OF THE BOLSHEVIKS THE RUSSIAN SOCIALIST REVOLUTIONARIES IN THE FAR EASTERN REPUBLIC, 1920-22 Little is known about the role played by the Socialist Revolutionaries and the Mensheviks in the so-called Far Eastern Republic, an independent state, at least in name, in Eastern Siberia during the early 'twenties. Based mainly on material in the archive of the Party of Socialist Revolutionaries, this note wants to shed some light on the events in the area at the time. Unfortunately the author did not have access to a sufficient amount of material from Menshevik archives to detail the Menshevik contribution to the Far Eastern Republic, but we shall see how the Bolsheviks adopted from the Socialist Revolutionaries and the Mensheviks the idea to form this kind of state, and how they subsequently gained a hold upon the Far Eastern Republic. The Socialist Revolutionaries formed one of the revolutionary parties that opposed Russian Tsarism. After the February Revolution of 1917 they took part in the Provisional Government. However, after the Bolsheviks took over control in the October Revolution of the same year, and in spite of their victory at the polls in the elections for the Constituent Assembly, the Socialist Revolutionaries were pushed into the role of the opposition, and they were even persecuted by the Bolsheviks. In this they shared their lot with the Mensheviks. A contentious issue between the Socialist Revo- lutionaries and the Bolsheviks, and a very important one at that, concerned the matter of the form of government. The Socialist Revolutionaries were in favour of a parliamentary democracy, the Bolsheviks wanted a Soviet system which, in fact, meant the dictatorship of their party.
    [Show full text]