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CANADIAN MILITARY JOURNAL Vol. 20, No. 4, Autumn 2020 Vol. 20, No. 4, Autumn 2020 CONTENTS 3 EDITOR’S CORNER CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS 4 Listening to the Chief of the Defence Staff: The ‘Blurred’ Boundaries of Military and Defence Advice1 Cover by Daniel Gosselin The Canadian Armed Forces 431 Squadron Snowbirds air EMPLOYMENT EQUALITY demonstration team, flying one 20 Barriers to Women in the Canadian Armed Forces of their signature Concorde by James Pierotti formations over the Strait of Georgia. Demonstrating a high THE WORLD IN WHICH WE LIVE level of professionalism, team- 32 The Big Four and Cyber Espionage: How China, Russia, Iran and work, excellence, discipline and North Korea Spy Online dedication, this year has marked by Patrick Diotte the Squadron’s 50th season. DND photo CX2010-0144-10 by MILITARY TECHNOLOGY Sergeant Robert Bottrill 43 Swarming, Expendable, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles as a Warfighting Capability by Gary Martinic MILITARY HISTORY 50 “Our Main Duty in Berlin Having Been Fulfilled”: The Canadian Berlin Battalion on Parade in the Fallen Capital, 21 July 1945 by Steven Bright VIEWS AND OPINIONS 60 Sustaining Strong, Secure and Engaged Funding: What the COVID-19 Pandemic Means for Defence Funding Listening to the by James A. Clarke Chief of the Defence 66 Sacrificing Culture in the Name of Strategy: Why Militia Armouries Matter Staff: The ‘Blurred’ by Dan A. Doran Boundaries of Military COMMENTARY and Defence Advice 71 Australia’s 2020 Defence Update: Lessons for Canada, and Snowbird Futures by Martin Shadwick BOOK REVIEW ESSAY 77 A Trio of European Histories by James Pierotti 79 Book Review Barriers to Women in the Canadian Armed Forces Canadian Military Journal/Revue militaire canadienne is the official professional journal of the Canadian Armed Forces and the Department of National Defence. It is published quarterly under authority of the Minister of National Defence. Opinions expressed or implied in this publication are those of the author, and do not necessarily represent the views of the Department of National Defence, the Canadian Armed Forces, Canadian Military Journal, or any agency of the Government of Canada. Crown copyright is retained. Articles may be reproduced with permission of the Editor, on condition that appropriate credit is given to Canadian Military Journal. Each issue of the Journal is published simultaneously in print and electronic versions; it is available on the Internet at www.journal.forces.gc.ca. ISSN 1492-465X Canadian Military Journal • Vol. 20, No. 4, Autumn 2020 1 How to Contact Us CANADIAN Canadian Military Journal MILITARY PO Box 17000, Station Forces Kingston, Ontario JOURNAL CANADA, K7K 7B4 www.journal.forces.gc.ca E-mail: [email protected] Editor-in-Chief Translation David L. Bashow Translation Bureau, (613) 541-5010 ext. 6148 Public Services and Procurement Canada [email protected] Publication Manager Commentary Claire Chartrand Martin Shadwick (613) 541-5010 ext. 6837 [email protected] Editorial Advisor Michael Boire Text The Big Four and Cyber Oversight Committee Espionage: How China, Russia, Iran and North Chairman Korea Spy Online Major-General D. Craig Aitchison, Commander, Canadian Defence Academy (CDA) Members Mr. David L. Bashow, Editor-in-Chief, Brigadier-General S. Bouchard, Commandant Canadian Military Journal (CMJ) Royal Military College of Canada (RMC) Colonel Marty Cournoyer, representing Major Chris Young, representing Chief of the Air Staff (CAS) Chief of Staff Army Strategy Dr. H.J. Kowal, Principal, Lieutenant-Colonel Brent Clute, Swarming, Expendable, Royal Military College of Canada (RMC) Director Canadian Forces Military Law Centre Unmanned Aerial (CFMLC), Canadian Defence Academy (CDA) Air Vehicles as a Captain (N) J. Jeffrey Hutchinson, representing Text Chief of the Naval Staff (CNS) Ms. Hanya Soliman, representing Chief of the Warfighting Capability Defence Intelligence (CDI) Editorial Board Dr. Douglas Bland Professor Hamish Ion Major (ret’d) Michael Boire Philippe Lagassé Dr. Andrea Charron Lieutenant-Colonel (ret’d) David Last Lieutenant-Colonel (ret’d) Douglas Delaney Dr. Chris Madsen Chief Petty Officer 1st Class Mike Dionne Dr. Sean Maloney Dr. Rocky J. Dwyer Professor Brian McKercher Lieutenant-Colonel (ret’d) Michael Goodspeed Dr. Paul Mitchell Major-General (ret’d) Daniel Gosselin Dr. Nezih Mrad “Our Main Duty in Berlin Major Tanya Grodzinski Dr. Scot Robertson HavingText Been Fulfilled”: Dr. David Hall Professor Stéphane Roussel The Canadian Berlin Professor Michael Hennessy Professor Elinor Sloan Battalion on Parade Colonel (ret’d) Bernd Horn Colonel (ret’d) Randall Wakelam in the Fallen Capital, 21 July 1945 NOTE TO READERS As a bilingual journal, readers should take note that where citations are translated from their original language, the abbreviation [TOQ] at the end of the note, which stands for “translation of original quote”, indicates to the readers that the original citation can be found in the published version of the Journal in the other official language. 2 Canadian Military Journal • Vol. 20, No. 4, Autumn 2020 EDITOR’S CORNER elcome to the Autumn 2020 edition of the Patrick, in turn, is followed by a familiar Australian submitter, Canadian Military Journal, and to para- Gary Martinic, who provides an interesting technological analysis phrase the immortal words of Elton John, of the utility of swarming expendable Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (and dating myself), “We’re still standin’,” (UAVs) on today’s battlefield. Finally, in our historical section, and still ‘up, and running and undaunted’ another former contributor to the Canadian Military Journal Steven Win a continuation of this time of some very significant and Bright offers a very interesting and little-known chronicling of an unique global challenges. aspect of Canadian military participation during the Second World War, namely, a victory parade in the German capital, Berlin, held Leading with some happy news, the Royal Canadian Air during the summer of 1945. Force’s 431 Air Demonstration Squadron Snowbirds are back in the air after being grounded for three months following the tragic Two opinion pieces this time out, starting with a reaffirmation crash at Kamloops, British Columbia in May. The CT-114 Tutor of support for Canada’s most recent Defence Policy, Strong, Secure, jets will now be flown back to their home base at Moose Jaw and Engaged. Then, a compelling argument for the preservation Saskatchewan, and while there will be no more team displays of Canada’s armouries, making the point that the higher-authority for the rest of the calendar year, the plan is for them to return in stance on the issue is at odds with reservists, who believe that the force for the 2021 season, albeit with some minimum height and fate of their armouries is challenged, because it assumes that the airspeed restrictions to their airshow profiles designed to provide Regular Force “…can speak to the Reserve’s organizational culture more reaction time in the event of an in-flight emergency. and its symbiotic connection to the armoury.” On a different theme this time out, our own resident Defence Commentator, Professor Yet another eclectic issue this time out, led by a distinguished Martin Shadwick, tables an interesting comparison between the retired senior officer who has mentored our most senior com- recently-released defence policy for the Australian Armed Forces manders, and is an acknowledged expert in strategic command and Canada’s Strong, Secure, and Engaged. and civil-military relations, Major-General Daniel Gosselin. Daniel breaks new ground here with a very evocative analysis Finally, we close with a book review essay dealing with of the role and responsibilities of the Chief of the Defence Staff a trio of historical studies, and a sole book review relevant and the Deputy Minister of National Defence with respect to from a historical perspective to what is happening in our civil-military relations in providing military and defence advice COVID-19 world. to the government of the day. Next, a previous contributor, James Pierotti, takes a critical look at the status of women in the Canadian Until the next time. military, including historical barriers/ limitations to employment, and the barriers that remain today. He is followed by intelligence David L. Bashow officer Patrick Diotte, who contends that malicious cyber activity Editor-in-Chief has permeated through all levels of society, but very specifically Canadian Military Journal against the West, from China, Russia, Iran and North Korea. DND photo by Corporal David Veldman Corporal David by DND photo The Northern Lights shimmer above HMCS Glace Bay during Operation Nanook 2020 on August 18, 2020. Canadian Military Journal • Vol. 20, No. 4, Autumn 2020 3 The Canadian Press/Sean Kilpatrick Press/Sean The Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, left to right, Minister of National Defence Harjit S. Sajjaan, Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) General Jonathan Vance, and Deputy Minister of National Defence Jody Thomas hold a press conference at the National Press Theatre in Ottawa, Wednesday, 8 January 2020. Listening to the Chief of the Defence Staff: The ‘Blurred’ Boundaries of Military and Defence Advice1 by Daniel Gosselin Major-General (Ret’d) Daniel Gosselin, CMM, CD, holds In his characteristic style, the answer was direct and crystal graduate degrees in engineering, public administration, and clear: “When I will give military advice to the government, it war studies. He served with General Hillier’s Transformation will
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