______2012/EPWG/SEM1/007

Post-Earthquake Reconstruction Following 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake in

Submitted by: China

Seminar on Capacity Building for Disaster Recovery and Rehabilitation , China 27-28 June 2012

APEC Seminar on Capacity Building for Disaster Recovery and Reh abilit ati on (EP 05 2011A) June 27 - 28, 2012 Hengshan Hotel, Shanghai, China

Post-Earthquake Reconstruction Following 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake in China

Ye Yaoxian China Architecture Desiggpn and Research Group [email protected] Pre-disaster phase

Disaster Preparedness impact

Risk transfer

Mitigation Emergency response Risk identification

Re ha bilitati on

Reconstruction

Disaster cycle Post-disaster phase Post-disaster phase Emergency response

Humanitarian assistance

Clean-up, tem porar y re pairs , and restoration of services

Damage assessment

Mobilization of recovery resources Post-disaster phase Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Rehabilitation & reconstruction of damaged structures

Macroeconomic and budget management

RiliiRevitalization f or aff ffdected sectors

Incorporation of disaster mitiggpation components in reconstruction activities Rehabilitation

Reconstruction 5 WhWenchuan EthkEarthquake

Time: 2:28 p.m. (local time) , May 12, 2008 Magnitude: Ms=8.0 Epicenter: 31.0°N, 103.4°E Depth: 19km Peak intensity: XI Casualties: Total 87,149 as of August 25, 2008 dea ths 69, 226 missing 17,923 Injury: 374643 Sources: http://news.hexun.com/2008-09-24/109144752.html Direct economic loss : 845.14 billion yuan (122.1 billions US$, 3% of 2008 GDP) Building room collapse: 600,000 (May 14) Affected area: 440,000 km2 in rural and mountainous region in province as well as , Shanxi, municipality, Yunnan provinces including Beichuan, , Dujiangyan, , Wenchuan, . Qingchuan, Maoxian, Anxian and pingwu counties. 6 7 汶川县、北川县、 绵竹市、什邡市、 青川县、茂县、 安县、都江堰市、 平武县、彭州市。

Qingchuan

Beichuan

Wenchuan

Chengdu 8 before the quake After the quake

Yingxiu Town-the epicenter 9 Beichuan county town

New town Jingjiashan landslide 906 died！ Two large scale ldlidhihlandslides which were slided 600 years ago. Newly slides strengthened in 1990 1600 died！ by anti-slide piles keep intact. Wangjiayan Old landslide town

10 town

11 town

12 Underestimation Building of earthquake collapse hazard

No consideration of earthquake requirement Causes First national earthquake design code was issued in 1974

Serious geological disaster 13 Seismic basic Event Peak No Location Magnitude intensity in Intensity 地震地点 震级 Zoning Map 震中烈度 基本烈度 1 1955 Kangding四川康定 757.5 10 9 2 1955 Wuqia 新疆乌恰 7.0 9 9 3 1966 Xingtai 河北邢台 6.8, 7.2 6 10 4 1970 Tonghai 云南通海 7.7 9 10 5 1973 Luhuo 四川炉霍 7.9 9 10 6 1974 Yongshan 南云永善 7.1 8 9 7 1975 Haicheng 辽宁海城 7.3 6 9 .8 1976 Longling云南龙陵 767.6 8 9 9 1976 河北唐山 7.8 6 11 10 1976 Songpa gpan 四川松蟠 7.2 6-9 8 11 1985 Wuqia 新疆乌恰 7.4 9 9 12 1988 Lancang 云南澜仓 7.6, 7.2 8 9 13 1999 Jiji Taiwan 台湾集集 7.3 6-7 11

14 2008 Wenchuan 四川 汶川 ８.0 6-7 11 14 Building with story collapse in Beichuan count(XI)ty(XI) (basic intensity VII)

15 Middle sc hoo l res ident ia l building in Xiaoyutou cun of Qingchuan county which was built in 1950s without consideriong earthquake requirements.

Chenjiaba

Damage of buildings with first soft story Beichuan county town Beichuan county（XI）

18 Mianzhu city

19 Co llapse of rural b uildi ng

20 Yinxiu-Caopo Slides Geologic disaster

29Km, 199 slides, 6.9/km 21 Biggest slide with 30 million m3 of soil and stone occurred at Donghekou village in Qingchuan county buried 700 people and let the ground surface raised 100m. 104 barrier lakes were occurred following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake

23 Bridge collapsed

24 25 100 ton！

26 Residential buildings of Seismology Bureau in Wenchuan county town damaged by a big stone fallen from hill near by

27 Dozens of students died by a big stone fallen from the hill beside the Mianzi middle school and leaped several times on cement sports ground.

28 True meaning of reconstruction Physi cal Three priority matters Cultural Economic 1Active1. Active participation and Reconstruction cooperation of is a complicated, governmental, non-governmental, long-term and and professional systematic work bdibodies, as we ll as victims Social Ecologic

2.Good reconstruction plan Soul 3. Efficient Implementation 29 Partner Assistance program 21 economically advanced provinces gave supports to 23 seriously damaged counties in Sichuan and Gansu. E.g.: Shandong Beichuan Zhejiang Qingchuan

Tasks of support • Providi ng t emporary sh elt er t o each h ouseh old • Providing basic livelihood goods to each household • To assist rehabilitation and reconstruction , including houses and infrastructures • To assist economy recovery

30 Where shall we rebu ild? 1 23

1 Rebuild at origional place should be put in the first priority

2 Partially rebuild at the origional palce, partially move to close neighbouring place

3. Renounce the origional place and move to a new place is a more expensive and more difficult solution. It can be adopted on the following conditions: - It is very difficult to take measures to mitigate future disasters - Inhabitants are willing to relocate - Economically, environmently and ecologically feasible 31 Longnan

Qingchuan

Beichuan Rebuild at original place Wenchuan

Relocation 32 Permanent Temporary housing prefabricated Tents housing

１ Occupying large area of cultivated land ２ Inducing social issues due to intensive settlement ３ Victims are isolated with their origgpinal place ４ Price is close to local commercial housing ５ They would become waste 33 What ki nd of d amage d bu ildings can be used througgggh strengthening? S tren g

Technology Economy Planni ng the Capable Feasible allowed n ing

Keeppg 0riginal Strengggthening Located in the configuration， cost no more area allowed in lean no more than 70%-75% reconstruction than 5% -10%1.0% ofthf the plilanning reconstruction fees All of the buildings in city considered earthquake requirements by intensity VII were intaccoowset. It follows that the rebuild buildings should be earthquake resistant.

35 Under reconstruction

Collapse of Chediguan bridge 36 Reconstruction pictures

37 38