Tippu Tip Arab Trader
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Linguistics for the Use of African History and the Comparative Study of Bantu Pottery Vocabulary
LINGUISTICS FOR THE USE OF AFRICAN HISTORY AND THE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BANTU POTTERY VOCABULARY Koen Bostoen Université Libre de Bruxelles1 Royal Museum for Central Africa Tervuren 1. Introduction Ever since African historical linguistics emerged in the 19th century, it has served a double purpose. It has not only been practiced with the aim of studying language evolution, its methods have also been put to use for the reconstruction of human history. The promotion of linguistics to one of the key disciplines of African historiography is an inevitable consequence of the lack of ancient written records in sub-Saharan Africa. Scholars of the African past generally fall back on two kinds of linguistic research: linguistic classifi- cation and linguistic reconstruction. The aim of this paper is to present a con- cise application of both disciplines to the field of Bantu linguistics and to offer two interesting comparative case studies in the field of Bantu pottery vocabulary. The diachronic analysis of this lexical domain constitutes a promising field for interdisciplinary historical research. At the same time, the examples presented here urge history scholars to be cautious in the applica- tion of words-and-things studies for the use of historical reconstruction. The neglect of diachronic semantic evolutions and the impact of ancient lexical copies may lead to oversimplified and hence false historical conclusions. 2. Bantu languages and the synchronic nature of historical linguistics Exact estimations being complicated by the lack of good descriptive ma- terial, the Bantu languages are believed to number at present between 400 and 600. They are spoken in almost half of all sub-Saharan countries: Camer- 1 My acknowledgement goes to Yvonne Bastin, Claire Grégoire, Jacqueline Renard, Ellen Vandendorpe and Annemie Van Geldre who assisted me in the preparation of this paper. -
Wr:X3,Clti: Lilelir)
ti:_Lilelir) 1^ (Dr\ wr:x3,cL KONINKLIJK MUSEUM MUSEE ROYAL DE VOOR MIDDEN-AFRIKA L'AFRIQUE CENTRALE TERVUREN, BELGIË TERVUREN, BELGIQUE INVENTARIS VAN INVENTAIRE DES HET HISTORISCH ARCHIEF VOL. 8 ARCHIVES HISTORIQUES LA MÉMOIRE DES BELGES EN AFRIQUE CENTRALE INVENTAIRE DES ARCHIVES HISTORIQUES PRIVÉES DU MUSÉE ROYAL DE L'AFRIQUE CENTRALE DE 1858 À NOS JOURS par Patricia VAN SCHUYLENBERGH Sous la direction de Philippe MARECHAL 1997 Cet ouvrage a été réalisé dans le cadre du programme "Centres de services et réseaux de recherche" pour le compte de l'Etat belge, Services fédéraux des affaires scientifiques, techniques et culturelles (Services du Premier Ministre) ISBN 2-87398-006-0 D/1997/0254/07 Photos de couverture: Recto: Maurice CALMEYN, au 2ème campement en . face de Bima, du 28 juin au 12 juillet 1907. Verso: extrait de son journal de notes, 12 juin 1908. M.R.A.C., Hist., 62.31.1. © AFRICA-MUSEUM (Tervuren, Belgium) INTRODUCTION La réalisation d'un inventaire des papiers de l'Etat ou de la colonie, missionnaires, privés de la section Histoire de la Présence ingénieurs, botanistes, géologues, artistes, belge Outre-Mer s'inscrit dans touristes, etc. - de leur famille ou de leurs l'aboutissement du projet "Centres de descendants et qui illustrent de manière services et réseaux de recherche", financé par extrêmement variée, l'histoire de la présence les Services fédéraux des affaires belge - et européenne- en Afrique centrale. scientifiques, techniques et culturelles, visant Quelques autres centres de documentation à rassembler sur une banque de données comme les Archives Générales du Royaume, informatisée, des témoignages écrits sur la le Musée royal de l'Armée et d'Histoire présence belge dans le monde et a fortiori, en militaire, les congrégations religieuses ou, à Afrique centrale, destination privilégiée de la une moindre échelle, les Archives Africaines plupart des Belges qui partaient à l'étranger. -
Kiswahili Loanwords in Pazande1
SWAHILI FORUM 27 (2018) KISWAHILI LOANWORDS IN PAZANDE1 CHARLES KUMBATULU HELMA PASCH and Université de Kisangani Universität zu Köln ___________________________________________________________________________ The greater part of Pazande speaking territory is located quite far away from the major swahilophone territories and most speakers of Zande have never been in close contact with speakers of Kiswahili. Only when Tippu Tip reached the north-east of present DR Congo and got a political position of power, the Zande came into contact with Kiswahili. This contact was not intense and there are so few Kiswahili loanwords in Zande, that this has never been a topic of research. The existence of such loanwords is, however, a matter of fact, e.g. kiti 'chair'. Some of the loanwords may have entered the language via Lingala or its variant Bangala. ___________________________________________________________________________ 1. Introduction Kiswahili, one of the most important languages of the African continent, a vehicular which is used in large areas of East Africa and in the Congo basin, has been in contact with many other languages. It is well known, that the language has borrowed extensively from Arabic, and also from English and other languages. At the same time lexemes from Kiswahili, including words of Arabic origin (Baldi 2012) have been borrowed by primarily local African languages, which makes Swahili a major distributor of words of different linguistic origins. In given cases it may be difficult to decide whether a given language borrowed a specific loanword directly from Kiswahili or from third language which has functioned as intermediary of transfer. In Pazande2, an Ubangian language spoken in the triangle South Sudan, Central African Republic (CAR) and Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), there is a relatively short lists of words which are also found in Kiswahili. -
A History of Nairobi, Capital of Kenya
....IJ .. Kenya Information Dept. Nairobi, Showing the Legislative Council Building TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Preface. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1 Chapter I. Pre-colonial Background • • • • • • • • • • 4 II. The Nairobi Area. • • • • • • • • • • • • • 29 III. Nairobi from 1896-1919 •• • • • • • • • • • 50 IV. Interwar Nairobi: 1920-1939. • • • • • • • 74 V. War Time and Postwar Nairobi: 1940-1963 •• 110 VI. Independent Nairobi: 1964-1966 • • • • • • 144 Appendix • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 168 Bibliographical Note • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 179 Bibliography • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 182 iii PREFACE Urbanization is the touchstone of civilization, the dividing mark between raw independence and refined inter dependence. In an urbanized world, countries are apt to be judged according to their degree of urbanization. A glance at the map shows that the under-developed countries are also, by and large, rural. Cities have long existed in Africa, of course. From the ancient trade and cultural centers of Carthage and Alexandria to the mediaeval sultanates of East Africa, urban life has long existed in some degree or another. Yet none of these cities changed significantly the rural character of the African hinterland. Today the city needs to be more than the occasional market place, the seat of political authority, and a haven for the literati. It remains these of course, but it is much more. It must be the industrial and economic wellspring of a large area, perhaps of a nation. The city has become the concomitant of industrialization and industrialization the concomitant 1 2 of the revolution of rising expectations. African cities today are largely the products of colonial enterprise but are equally the measure of their country's progress. The city is witness everywhere to the acute personal, familial, and social upheavals of society in the process of urbanization. -
Unrivalled Art
EN Temporary exhibition UNRIVALLED ART Curator Julien Volper A 109 HOW TO USE THE BOOKLET • The numbers on the showcases match the page numbers in the booklet. - Numbers on top of the showcase refer to the theme. See p. 88 - Numbers on the bottom of the glass panels provide information on objects. See p. 43 • You can also download this booklet using the QR code below or on www.africamuseum.be A MASKS For more than fifty years, a large mask – half human, half animal – was the symbol of this museum. Most Congolese masks take the form of a human or an animal, or a mix of the two. Just as with statues, the style varies from the most breathtaking naturalism, to minimalism, to total abstraction. What we are showing here in the display cases – the faces – is only a part of what the Congolese public could see. The wearers were also dressed in costumes and sometimes carried accessories. Some shook their ankle bells and danced a choreography to the rhythm of the musicians. Isolated from costume and context, these faces on display have lost a large part of their identity. Depending on the culture that a mask belonged to, it performed alone or in company. Some had a precisely defined identity, while others were widely deployed. Most masks had a connection with the world of the dead or with the world of nature spirits. They only performed at important oc- casions or at established ritual moments. In the first half of the 20th century, masks were increasingly used on festive and profane occasions - if they did not entirely disappear from the scene. -
Tippu Tip Overview
Tippu Tip Overview Arab-African Relations The Zanzibar Slave Trade Colonialism But first… Tippu Tip (1837 - 1905) Full name Hamed bin Mohammed el Murjeb Both of his parents were Arab however Hamed was born with dark African features Father was a well established and respected Arab ivory and slave trader Tippu Tip (1837 - 1905) Ambitious from an early age and eager to prove himself to his father and his father’s peers On his first trading trip at age 18 he established a reputation by not revealing his own fatigue Receives the name Tippu Tip because of the onomatopoeic sound of his rifle Tippu Tip (1837 - 1905) Primarily known as a slave trader “Today Tippu Tipp cannot be regarded as a hero since his exploits and gains were at the expense of other human beings” (Farrant 1975) Tippu Tip (1837-1905) “He must however, be regarded as a brave and daring adventurer, a good administrator, and a great leader of men” (Farrant 1975) Tippu Tip (1837 - 1905) Ivory Ivory Ivory!!!! Expanded knowledge of Central Africa Provided safe passage to Europeans through dangerous territories How does it end??? African-Arab Relations: A New Social Order Creation of a new hierarchy of relations - Arab, African converts, Africans Ability to gain status - conversion, concubinage, elite slavery African-Arab Relations: A New Social Order Loyal followers advance Tippu’s expansion Islam used as a method of gaining support Appropriation of culture African-Arab Relations: A New Social Order Tippu’s mother concerned that father would reject an African -
Ivory and Slaves in East and Central Africa (C
Ivory and slaves in East and Central Africa (c. 1800- 1880) Com- Under Central and East Africa we include most of the land north of the Limpopo and Pari' south of the Equator. The coast of what is often called West Central Africa featured in the chapters on the Atlantic slave trade and West Africa, but the peoples and routes that other supplied the slaves for the coast will be discussed here. There are some similarities ports of between the situation in North and West Africa and that existing in East and Central Africa Africa. In Northeast Africa and in the central Sudan of West Africa we come across warlords such as Zubayr and Rabih. In Central and East Africa we meet up with leaders such as Msiri, Mirambo, Tippu Tip and Mlozi who also built up secondary trading and conquest states that dealt in slaves and ivory. In these other regions we witness some empire building during the period of the jihads by people such as al-Hajj Umar and Samory Toure, by Mohammad Ali in Egypt and Menelik in Ethiopia. In this region too, we have some empire building and state expansion, for example on the island of Madagascar by the Merina, in the area of the Great Lakes by Buganda, and also the growth of the trading empire of the Omani Arabs in East Africa. But large empires were scarce because the geography did not encourage the growth of big polities. It was mainly in the Great Lakes region that we find sizeable states such as Buganda. -
Inventory of the Henry M. Stanley Archives Revised Edition - 2005
Inventory of the Henry M. Stanley Archives Revised Edition - 2005 Peter Daerden Maurits Wynants Royal Museum for Central Africa Tervuren Contents Foreword 7 List of abbrevations 10 P A R T O N E : H E N R Y M O R T O N S T A N L E Y 11 JOURNALS AND NOTEBOOKS 11 1. Early travels, 1867-70 11 2. The Search for Livingstone, 1871-2 12 3. The Anglo-American Expedition, 1874-7 13 3.1. Journals and Diaries 13 3.2. Surveying Notebooks 14 3.3. Copy-books 15 4. The Congo Free State, 1878-85 16 4.1. Journals 16 4.2. Letter-books 17 5. The Emin Pasha Relief Expedition, 1886-90 19 5.1. Autograph journals 19 5.2. Letter book 20 5.3. Journals of Stanley’s Officers 21 6. Miscellaneous and Later Journals 22 CORRESPONDENCE 26 1. Relatives 26 1.1. Family 26 1.2. Schoolmates 27 1.3. “Claimants” 28 1 1.4. American acquaintances 29 2. Personal letters 30 2.1. Annie Ward 30 2.2. Virginia Ambella 30 2.3. Katie Roberts 30 2.4. Alice Pike 30 2.5. Dorothy Tennant 30 2.6. Relatives of Dorothy Tennant 49 2.6.1. Gertrude Tennant 49 2.6.2. Charles Coombe Tennant 50 2.6.3. Myers family 50 2.6.4. Other 52 3. Lewis Hulse Noe and William Harlow Cook 52 3.1. Lewis Hulse Noe 52 3.2. William Harlow Cook 52 4. David Livingstone and his family 53 4.1. David Livingstone 53 4.2. -
Marking Nuer Histories
Marking Nuer Histories Gender, Gerontocracy, and the Politics of Inclusion in the Upper Nile from 1400 – 1931 By Noel Stringham Department of History University of Virgnia 1 February 2016 0 Table of Contents Table of Contents Page 1 Dating System Table of Historical Age-Sets/Marriage-Sets Page 2 List of Maps Page 4 Orthographies, Spellings, and Translations Page 5 Acknowledgements Page 8 Introduction Marking the Past: Page 10 Indigenous Epistemologies of History, “the Nuer”, and Africanist Historians Chapter 1 History as Exogamous Kinship: Page 33 Agro-Pastoralist Mobility, Pulling Teeth, and Ethnogenesis After 1400 Chapter 2 Marking Marriageability: Page 76 Reconstructing a Gendered History of the Era of “Turning-Hearts (1790s – 1828) Chapter 3 Marking Costly Assimilations Page 110 Loosing Battles, Recruiting Bachelors, and Erosion of Moral Community (1828 – 1860s) Chapter 4 Marking the Prophet’s Rod: Page 154 From Chaos to Syncretistic Community (1870s – 1896) Chapter 5 Marking Militarization: Page 196 From the Prophet’s Rod to Firearms on the Abyssinian Frontier (1896 – 1920s) Conclusion History as Additive: Page 245 Achieving and Archiving Change through Combination and Accumulation Bibliography Page 253 1 Table of Historic Age-Sets / Marriageability-Sets Cohorts of the Eastern Jikäny and other nei ti naath until 2003 Ric (thok naath) Age-Set / Marriage-Set Name (English) Initiation Date - Early Sets (Bul and Jikäny) 1 – Riɛk 2 Alter Pole Unknown Jɔk 3 Earth-Spirit / Disease Unknown - Sets with Gaar (Jikäny, Lak, Thiaŋ, Jagɛi, Lɔu, -
Towards a History of Mass Violence in the Etat Indépendant Du Congo, 1885-1908
This is a repository copy of Towards a History of Mass Violence in the Etat Indépendant du Congo, 1885-1908. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/74340/ Article: Roes, Aldwin (2010) Towards a History of Mass Violence in the Etat Indépendant du Congo, 1885-1908. South African Historical Journal, 62 (4). pp. 634-670. ISSN 0258-2473 https://doi.org/10.1080/02582473.2010.519937 Reuse Unless indicated otherwise, fulltext items are protected by copyright with all rights reserved. The copyright exception in section 29 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows the making of a single copy solely for the purpose of non-commercial research or private study within the limits of fair dealing. The publisher or other rights-holder may allow further reproduction and re-use of this version - refer to the White Rose Research Online record for this item. Where records identify the publisher as the copyright holder, users can verify any specific terms of use on the publisher’s website. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Towards a History of Mass Violence in the Etat Indépendant du Congo, 1885-1908* Aldwin Roes UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD Although the „atrocities of epical proportions‟ in the Etat Indépendant du Congo (EIC, Congo Free State) are „legendary‟, no up to date scholarly introduction to the issue is currently available1. -
Swahili-English Dictionary, the First New Lexical Work for English Speakers
S W AHILI-E N GLISH DICTIONARY Charles W. Rechenbach Assisted by Angelica Wanjinu Gesuga Leslie R. Leinone Harold M. Onyango Josiah Florence G. Kuipers Bureau of Special Research in Modern Languages The Catholic University of Americ a Prei Washington. B. C. 20017 1967 INTRODUCTION The compilers of this Swahili-English dictionary, the first new lexical work for English speakers in many years, hope that they are offering to students and translators a more reliable and certainly a more up-to-date working tool than any previously available. They trust that it will prove to be of value to libraries, researchers, scholars, and governmental and commercial agencies alike, whose in- terests and concerns will benefit from a better understanding and closer communication with peoples of Africa. The Swahili language (Kisuiahili) is a Bantu language spoken by perhaps as many as forty mil- lion people throughout a large part of East and Central Africa. It is, however, a native or 'first' lan- guage only in a nnitp restricted area consisting of the islands of Zanzibar and Pemba and the oppo- site coast, roughly from Dar es Salaam to Mombasa, Outside this relatively small territory, elsewhere in Kenya, in Tanzania (formerly Tanganyika), Copyright © 1968 and to a lesser degree in Uganda, in the Republic of the Congo, and in other fringe regions hard to delimit, Swahili is a lingua franca of long standing, a 'second' (or 'third' or 'fourth') language enjoy- ing a reasonably well accepted status as a supra-tribal or supra-regional medium of communication. THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA PRESS, INC. -
Maasai Identity in the 21St Century Allison Marie Kotowicz University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
University of Wisconsin Milwaukee UWM Digital Commons Theses and Dissertations August 2013 Maasai Identity in the 21st Century Allison Marie Kotowicz University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.uwm.edu/etd Part of the African Studies Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Kotowicz, Allison Marie, "Maasai Identity in the 21st Century" (2013). Theses and Dissertations. 715. https://dc.uwm.edu/etd/715 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by UWM Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UWM Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MAASAI IDENTITY IN THE 21 ST CENTURY by Allison Marie Kotowicz A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Anthropology at The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee August 2013 ABSTRACT MAASAI IDENITTY IN THE 21 ST CENUTRY by Allison Marie Kotowicz The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2013 Under the Supervision of Professor Dr. Cheryl Ajirotutu The Maasai people of East Africa have managed to retain much of their culture and traditions in the face of colonialism and increasing internal and external pressures. The Maasai have been viewed by many as the iconic, traditional representation of Africa. This representation affects perceptions and ideas about what it means to be Maasai. However, a person or group’s identity is not a static, singular phenomenon, but composed of multiple identities and layers which are constantly changing. In today’s world, the Maasai are faced with changes and challenges from processes such as globalization and modernity.