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The Globalization of K-Pop: the Interplay of External and Internal Forces
THE GLOBALIZATION OF K-POP: THE INTERPLAY OF EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL FORCES Master Thesis presented by Hiu Yan Kong Furtwangen University MBA WS14/16 Matriculation Number 249536 May, 2016 Sworn Statement I hereby solemnly declare on my oath that the work presented has been carried out by me alone without any form of illicit assistance. All sources used have been fully quoted. (Signature, Date) Abstract This thesis aims to provide a comprehensive and systematic analysis about the growing popularity of Korean pop music (K-pop) worldwide in recent years. On one hand, the international expansion of K-pop can be understood as a result of the strategic planning and business execution that are created and carried out by the entertainment agencies. On the other hand, external circumstances such as the rise of social media also create a wide array of opportunities for K-pop to broaden its global appeal. The research explores the ways how the interplay between external circumstances and organizational strategies has jointly contributed to the global circulation of K-pop. The research starts with providing a general descriptive overview of K-pop. Following that, quantitative methods are applied to measure and assess the international recognition and global spread of K-pop. Next, a systematic approach is used to identify and analyze factors and forces that have important influences and implications on K-pop’s globalization. The analysis is carried out based on three levels of business environment which are macro, operating, and internal level. PEST analysis is applied to identify critical macro-environmental factors including political, economic, socio-cultural, and technological. -
Glocal Religion and Feeling at Home: Ethnography of Artistry in Finnish Orthodox Liturgy
religions Article Glocal Religion and Feeling at Home: Ethnography of Artistry in Finnish Orthodox Liturgy Tatiana Tiaynen-Qadir Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Turku, Turku 20014, Finland; tatiana.tiaynen@ttaq.fi Academic Editors: Victor Roudometof and Peter Iver Kaufman Received: 19 December 2016; Accepted: 9 February 2017; Published: 13 February 2017 Abstract: This paper adapts a glocalization framework in a transnational, anthropological exploration of liturgy in the Orthodox Church of Finland (OCF). It draws on long-term ethnographic fieldwork and interviews with participants of liturgy from Finnish, Russian, and Greek cultural and linguistic backgrounds. The main argument of the paper is that generic processes of nationalization and transnationalization are not mutually exclusive in practitioners’ experiences of liturgy in OCF, but rather generate a glocal space that incorporates Finnish, Russian, Karelian, and Byzantine elements. Individuals artistically engage with glocal liturgy on sensorial, cognitive, social, and semantic levels. What is important for the participants is a therapeutic sense that comes from a feeling of ‘being at home’, metaphorically, spiritually, and literally. People’s ongoing, creative work constitutes Orthodoxy as their national and transnational home. Keywords: glocal religion; Orthodox Christianity; glocalization; transnational anthropology; artistry; liturgy; home; therapeutic 1. Introduction Most contemporary Orthodox churches across the world are divided into national or diasporic churches; the latter of which is often organized alongside ethno-national and linguistic lines. National churches include, for example, those of Greece and Cyprus, where histories of entanglement between Orthodoxy and nationalization date back to the 19th century. In Russia, Orthodox Christianity emerged as a signifier of individual and collective national identity after the Soviet collapse [1]. -
The Liturgical Movement and Reformed Worship 13
The Liturgical Movement and Reformed Worship 13 The Liturgical Movement and Reformed Worship COMING across a certain liturgical monstrosity, a Scottish Churchman asked : " What Irishman perpetrated this ? " Greatly daring therefore, the writer, though Irish, because the Irishman turned out to be an American, confines his remarks in this paper to the Scottish Eucharistic Rite, as limitations of space prevent discussion of other Reformed movements on the Continent, in England, Ireland, America, and elsewhere. The aim of the Reformers concerning the Eucharistic Rite was threefold : (i) Reform of the rite. The earliest Reformed rites were based on the Hagenau Missal, and their lineage through Schwarz, Bucer, Calvin, and Knox is traced by Hubert, Smend, Albertz, and W. D. Maxwell. (ii) That the worshippers should be active participants in the rite. This was achieved principally by the use of the vernacular and the introduction of congregational singing. (iii) Weekly communion. This ideal failed because of medieval legacy and the interference of civil authority, so that quarterly communion became the general practice. Public worship, however, when there was no celebration, was based on the eucharistic norm. The second half of the seventeenth century, and the eighteenth century, proved to be a period of decline and poverty in worship, and liturgical renewal in Scotland only began in the nineteenth century. This falls into four periods. (a) Prior to 1865, when it was principally the work of individuals. (b) After 1865, when the Church Service Society was founded and the principal leaders were G. W. Sprott and Thomas Leishman, both of whom knew their history. -
The K-Pop Wave: an Economic Analysis
The K-pop Wave: An Economic Analysis Patrick A. Messerlin1 Wonkyu Shin2 (new revision October 6, 2013) ABSTRACT This paper first shows the key role of the Korean entertainment firms in the K-pop wave: they have found the right niche in which to operate— the ‘dance-intensive’ segment—and worked out a very innovative mix of old and new technologies for developing the Korean comparative advantages in this segment. Secondly, the paper focuses on the most significant features of the Korean market which have contributed to the K-pop success in the world: the relative smallness of this market, its high level of competition, its lower prices than in any other large developed country, and its innovative ways to cope with intellectual property rights issues. Thirdly, the paper discusses the many ways the K-pop wave could ensure its sustainability, in particular by developing and channeling the huge pool of skills and resources of the current K- pop stars to new entertainment and art activities. Last but not least, the paper addresses the key issue of the ‘Koreanness’ of the K-pop wave: does K-pop send some deep messages from and about Korea to the world? It argues that it does. Keywords: Entertainment; Comparative advantages; Services; Trade in services; Internet; Digital music; Technologies; Intellectual Property Rights; Culture; Koreanness. JEL classification: L82, O33, O34, Z1 Acknowledgements: We thank Dukgeun Ahn, Jinwoo Choi, Keun Lee, Walter G. Park and the participants to the seminars at the Graduate School of International Studies of Seoul National University, Hanyang University and STEPI (Science and Technology Policy Institute). -
Liturgy Without Prayerbook
LITURGY WITHOUT PRAYERBOOK David J. A. Clines A liturgy is a set form determining the content, order, and phraseology of a service of worship. In comparison with the printed liturgies of other Christian churches, Brethren forms of service would seem at first sight to be entirely non-liturgical; but closer acquaintance with Brethren practice reveals that the content, order, and (to a certain extent) phraseology is in fact determined, by custom reinforced by theological explanation. One may thus speak of Brethren unwritten 'liturgy',1 or rather, 'liturgies', for there are minor regional differences and some churches which do not conform at all. There are of course separate liturgies for the various services of the church, but attention will be concentrated here on the 'morning meeting'. It will be suggested in this article that Brethren liturgy, partly because it is unwritten, and partly because of peculiarly Brethren theological concepts, shares in large measure the weaknesses of the liturgical form while lacking many of its strengths. I. Content A distinguishing feature of a new member of a Brethren assembly is his ignorance of what is and what is not suitable at a 'morning meeting'. It is not always possible to discover precisely what is suitable, both because practice varies somewhat from assembly to assembly, and because the content of this service is thought by many to be a matter of 'spiritual apprehension' and so not amenable to rational enquiry. But the ruling principle is that it is a meeting for worship, understood as adoration. In worship we are concerned not with others, ourselves, or our blessings, but with the Lord alone. -
The Separation of the Methodists from the Church of England a Historical Fact
mm J (f^atnell UninetBttg 9Itbtacg THE GIFT OF MS^^*^**-^ ""'""^"^ '""'^^^ BX8276 .T89 " ^^''^iMiiiffliiSliiiftifiiWiS"'"'''*'* f™"! 'He Ch Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924029470683 iiilliliiiliiilimililii The Separation of the Methodists from the ^ ^ Church of England 1^ ^ BY ROBERT LEONARD TUCKER, M.A. ^1 ^ ^ ^ NEW YORK 1918 ^iiiiiiilillMPiliiiliiiiilililliliililBliii^ The Separation of the Methodists from the Church of England BY ROBERT LEONARD TUCKER, M.A. SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY Printed for the Author by THE METHODIST BOOK CONCERN New York City igi8 A^io^^is Copyright, 1918, by R. L. TUCKER All Rights Reserved TO MY WIFE GRACE GREEN TUCKER MY MOTHER FANNIE ALLUM TUCKER MY FATHER JOHN TUCKER THREE METHODISTS WHOSE LIVES SHOW THAT NOBLEST SPIRIT OF TRUE RELIGION FAR MORE CLEARLY THAN ALL MY WORDS, THIS TASK IS DEDICATED CONTENTS PAGE Preface 7 Introduction 9 Chapter I. The Methodist View of Eighteenth Century Life 11 I. Methodist Dissatisfaction with the Customs and Religion of the Times 11 II. Methodist View of the Church and the Clergy 12 Chapter II. The Churchman's View of Eighteenth Century Life. 17 I. Enthusiasm 17 II. The Church View of Enthusiasm 23 III. Methodist Attempts to Check Extreme Enthusiasm 30 IV. Methodism and Mysticism 34 Chapter III. Methodist Doctrine 37 I. Original Sin 37 II. Justification by Faith 39 in. The New Birth 42 IV. -
Country Advice Albania Albania – ALB36773 – Greece – Orthodox Christian Church – Baptisms – Albania – Church Services – Tirana – Trikala 9 July 2010
Country Advice Albania Albania – ALB36773 – Greece – Orthodox Christian Church – Baptisms – Albania – Church services – Tirana – Trikala 9 July 2010 1. Please search for information on Greece in relation to whether a person cannot be baptised Orthodox if they are illegally in Greece. Information regarding whether a person cannot be baptised Orthodox if they are illegally in Greece was not located in a search of the sources consulted. The Greek constitution establishes the Eastern Orthodox Church of Christ (Greek Orthodox Church) as the prevailing religion in Greece and it was estimated that 97 percent of the population identified itself as Greek Orthodox. The Greek Orthodox Church exercises significant influence and “[m]any citizens assumed that Greek ethnicity was tied to Orthodox Christianity. Some non-Orthodox citizens complained of being treated with suspicion or told that they were not truly Greek when they revealed their religious affiliation.”1 It is reported that most of Greece‟s native born population are baptised into the Orthodox Church.2 A 2004 report indicates that the “Orthodox Church takes on the self anointed role as keeper of the national identity”. The report refers to the comments of a priest in Athens who said that “in Greece, we regard Greeks as the ones who are baptised” and people who were not baptised, immigrants, were not seen as Greek.3 2. Please provide information generally about the Orthodox Church in Albania including, if possible, details about the order of the church service. The Orthodox Autocephalous Church of Albania is one of four traditional religious groups in Albania. The majority of Albanians do not actively practice a faith,4 but it is estimated that 20 to 25 percent of the Albanian population are in communities that are traditionally Albanian Orthodox. -
Our Parish Life Handbook
Our Parish Life Handbook A living, working document, representing the “work in progress” that parish life always is. Saints Cyril and Methodius Orthodox Christian Church Terryville, CT (Version of May 2010) Table of Contents Parish Mission, Vision, and Values Statement Introduction Orthodox Christianity Our Parish For Further Information Contact Details Useful Web Sites Worship Liturgical Services Confession and Communion Use of Candles Seven-Day Vigil Candles Choir Altar Servers Helpers Pastoral Services Baptisms Weddings Anniversaries of Marriage Funerals Memorial Services Hospital and Shut-in Visitation Home Blessing Parish Cemetery Education Church School Education Adult Education Library Catechesis Fellowship Sunday Morning Coffee Social FOCA Sisterhood Stewardship General Stewardship Annual Financial Stewardship Pledge Restricted Funds: The Memorial, Charity and Scholarship Funds Wills and Bequests Time and Talent Parish Administration By-Laws of the Parish Parish Council Becoming a Member of Saints Cyril and Methodius Orthodox Church How to become a Member of our Parish 2 Saints Cyril and Methodius Orthodox Christian Church, Terryville, CT VISION – MISSION – VALUES Our Vision: To receive, accept, make known and share God the Father’s love in all its saving power, through Jesus Christ, in the Holy Spirit. Our Mission: To make present in this time and place the fullness of the Orthodox Christian Faith, so that all persons might come to the knowledge of the Truth. We carry out this mission through worship, stewardship, education, nurture, fellowship, charity and outreach. Our Values: We are traditional: We value time-honored truths and morality. We hold to long-established patterns of worship, devotion and service. We value every person, family, and community. -
Domestic Hallyu: K-Pop Metatexts and the Media's Self-Reflexive Gesture
International Journal of Communication 11(2017), 2308–2331 1932–8036/20170005 Domestic Hallyu: K-Pop Metatexts and the Media’s Self-Reflexive Gesture MICHELLE CHO1 McGill University, Canada Television serves as a crucial medium for shaping the South Korean public’s response to the success of hallyu, or the Korean Wave, in news reports, variety shows, and celebrity interview programs. Further, in the last decade, several K-pop idols have been cast in serial narrative television shows that fictionalize hallyu creative industries. These metatextual shows domesticate transnational idol pop celebrities by contributing layers of televisual intimacy to their star personae and by seeming to expose the inner workings of the entertainment industries. This essay focuses on two notable examples, Dream High (2011, KBS2) and Answer Me 1997 (2012, tvN), to consider what this proliferation of popular narratives about media production and reception on South Korean television signifies. I argue that the intertextual presentation of K-pop on Korean television negotiates a complex relationship between popular culture and public culture in South Korea. The metatextual relay revealed in these shows—what I characterize as the media’s self-reflexive critical gesture—provides access to the ideological impasses of the attempt to produce intimate national publics through globalized contents. Keywords: metatextuality, television, K-drama, K-pop, hallyu, Korean Wave If the ideological function of mass culture is understood as a process whereby otherwise dangerous and protopolitical impulses are “managed” and defused, rechanneled and offered spurious objects, then some preliminary step must also be theorized in which these same impulses—the raw material upon which the process works—are initially awakened within the very text that seeks to still them. -
Diaconate a Call to Humble Service
DIACONATE A CALL TO HUMBLE SERVICE Diaconate Program Guide Diaconate Program Guidelines “Therefore, brothers, select from among yourselves seven men of good standing, full of the Spirit and of Wisdom…” Acts 6:3 Contents Preface Admission Requirements 1 Governance 2 Program Structure 3 Sessions Part 1 Clergy Mentoring Part 2 Metropolis/Regional Fellowship Groups Part 3 Alumni & Outreach Part 4 Ordination application and general information Appendix A Testimonials Appendix B DIACONATE PROGRAM PREFACE Do you hear God’s call to the Diaconate office in the Greek Orthodox Church? Do you pray and open your mind, heart and soul to what God is asking of you? Do you have a servant’s heart? Do you find your greatest joy is when you are helping others in a humble way all for the honor and glory of our Almighty and Immortal God? Do you strive to live a righteous life because that is what Jesus taught us to do? Do you invite the Holy Spirit to dwell in you and work through you? Do you feel a burning desire to help your parish priest and your local Church community? If you answer yes to these questions and have your Hierarch’s blessing then welcome to the Diaconate Program! The Body of Christ has many moving parts. A Deacon is just one of those moving parts. If we look in our liturgical books we see that we all take part in the Divine Liturgy in different ways. There is the Hierarch’s part, the Priest’s part, the Deacon’s part, the Altar Server’s part, the Choir’s part and the part of the people. -
A Service of Dedication
Macedonia Lutheran Church 421 West Front Street BURLINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA A Service of Dedication QUINQUAGESIMA SUNDAY February 28, 1965 11:00 A.M. REV. HOYLE L. WHITESIDE, S.T.M., Pastor Rev. E. K. Bodie Rev. George B. Whittecar, D.D., Assistant to the Pastor President of the N. C. Synod OH LORD, OUR GOD, For Thy directing hand at times so evident in the planning and construction of this church; For Christian motivations and dedicated hearts; For the unanimity of spirit that has prevailed; For the cooperation of committees, architects and contractors; For the safe-keeping of the builders; For the worshipfulness of this House; For the souls of Thy children, who shall come to know Thee here; For the presence and effective working of Thy Holy Spirit among us: And for the joy of this day; WE THANK AND PRAISE THY HOLY NAME, IN JESUS CHRIST, OUR LORD. AMEN . THE SERVICE OF DEDICATION (THE CONGREGATION shall assemble at the main entrance of the new church.) PASTOR: In the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost. PEOPLE: Amen. PASTOR & PEOPLE: Direct us, O Lord, in all our doings, with thy most gracious favor, and further us with thy continual help; that in all our works, begun, continued, and ended in thee, we may glorify thy holy Name; and finally, by thy mercy, obtain everlasting life; through Jesus Christ, thy Son, our Lord. Amen. PSALM 24 PASTOR: The earth is the Lord’s, and the fullness thereof: PEOPLE: The world, and they that dwell therein. -
21St-Century-Evangelicals.Pdf
21st Century Evangelicals A snapshot of the beliefs and habits of evangelical Christians in the UK The fi rst report on groundbreaking research by the Evangelical Alliance and Christian Research Foreword hen I fi rst saw these contribution we are making to the ‘THIS RESEARCH... results, I immediately will enable us to think about community around us. realised how signifi cant W where we need to go and what This is the fi rst in a series of they were. we need to do.’ groundbreaking reports which As a church leader, I know there will paint a comprehensive and We didn’t conduct this research is a danger that I have spent lots detailed picture of evangelicals in just so that we could have of time telling people what they the UK at the beginning of 21st vast quantities of interesting should believe in, and perhaps not century. This picture will be an information about evangelical enough time asking the question, invaluable asset to church leaders Christians. Its purpose is not “What does my church actually and Christian organisations as it to simply tell us where we are believe and how does that work provides encouragement, presents currently at: it will enable us to itself out in their everyday lives?” challenges, guides refl ection and think about where we need to go This research – the most extensive stimulates discussion. And it is and what we need to do. of its kind – asks these two vital critical as we look to the future. questions. It covers a multitude of This research also provides us By presenting an accurate picture issues relevant to evangelicals and with vital evidence as we engage of evangelicals today, we can be it is essential that we take a close with government and the media.