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Prey and Predators of Northern Shrimp (Pandalus Borealis) in the Northern Gulf of St

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Prey and Predators of Northern Shrimp (Pandalus Borealis) in the Northern Gulf of St Main prey and predators of northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) in the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence during the mid-1980s, mid-1990s, and early 2000s Claude Savenkoff, Louise Savard, Bernard Morin, and Denis Chabot Pêches et Océans Canada Institut Maurice-Lamontagne C.P. 1000, 850 Route de la Mer Mont-Joli, Québec G5H 3Z4 Canada 2006 Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2639 1 Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Technical reports contain scientific and technical information that contribute to existing knowledge but that are not normally appropriate for primary literature. Technical reports are directed primarily toward a worldwide audience and have an international distribution. No restriction is placed on subject matter, and the series reflects the broad interests and policies of the Fisheries and Oceans Canada, namely, fisheries and aquatic sciences. Technical reports may be cited as full publications. The correct citation appears above the abstract of each report. Each report is indexed in the data base Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts. Numbers 1–456 in this series were issued as Technical Reports of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. Numbers 457–714 were issued as Department of the Environment, Fisheries and Marine Service, Research and Development Directorate Technical Reports. Numbers 715–924 were issued as Department of Fisheries and the Environment, Fisheries and Marine Service Technical Reports. The current series name was changed with report number 925. Technical reports are produced regionally but are numbered nationally. Requests for individual reports will be filled by the issuing establishment listed on the front cover and title page. Out-of-stock reports will be supplied for a fee by commercial agents. Rapport technique canadien des sciences halieutiques et aquatiques Les rapports techniques contiennent des renseignements scientifiques et techniques qui constituent une contribution aux connaissances actuelles, mais qui ne sont pas normalement appropriés pour la publication dans un journal scientifique. Les rapports techniques sont destinés essentiellement à un public international et ils sont distribués à cet échelon. Il n’y a aucune restriction quant au sujet; de fait, la série reflète la vaste gamme des intérêts et des politiques du ministère des Pêches et des Océans Canada, c’est-à-dire les sciences halieutiques et aquatiques. Les rapports techniques peuvent être cités comme des publications intégrales. Le titre exact paraît au-dessus du résumé de chaque rapport. Les rapports techniques sont indexés dans la base de données Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts. Les numéros 1 à 456 de cette série ont été publiés à titre de rapports techniques de l’Office des recherches sur les pêcheries du Canada. Les numéros 457 à 714 sont parus à titre de rapports techniques de la Direction générale de la recherche et du développement, Service des pêches et de la mer, ministère de l’Environnement. Les numéros 715 à 924 ont été publiés à titre de rapports techniques du Service des pêches et de la mer, ministère des Pêches et de l’Environnement. Le nom actuel de la série a été établi lors de la parution du numéro 925. Les rapports techniques sont produits à l’échelon régional, mais numérotés à l’échelon national. Les demandes de rapports seront satisfaites par l'établissement d’origine dont le nom figure sur la couverture et la page du titre. Les rapports épuisés seront fournis contre rétribution par des agents commerciaux. i Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2639 2006 Main prey and predators of northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) in the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence during the mid-1980s, mid-1990s, and early 2000s by Claude Savenkoff, Louise Savard, Bernard Morin, and Denis Chabot Direction des Sciences Pêches et Océans Canada Institut Maurice-Lamontagne C.P. 1000, 850 Route de la Mer Mont-Joli, Québec G5H 3Z4, Canada ii © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2006 Cat. No. Fs 97–6/2639E ISSN 1488–5379 Correct citation for this publication: Savenkoff, C., L. Savard, B. Morin, and D. Chabot. 2006. Main prey and predators of northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) in the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence during the mid-1980s, mid-1990s, and early 2000s. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2639: v+28 pp. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES ..........................................................................................................................iv LIST OF FIGURES.........................................................................................................................iv ABSTRACT/RÉSUMÉ....................................................................................................................v INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................1 MATERIAL AND METHODS .......................................................................................................2 Data used in modelling................................................................................................................2 Inverse modelling ........................................................................................................................3 Background on shrimp ................................................................................................................4 RESULTS.........................................................................................................................................6 Main prey groups consumed by shrimp ......................................................................................6 Role played by shrimp in the northern Gulf ecosystem ..............................................................6 Main causes of shrimp mortality .................................................................................................7 Trophic links related to shrimp....................................................................................................8 DISCUSSION / CONCLUSION......................................................................................................8 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS..............................................................................................................10 REFERENCES...............................................................................................................................11 iv LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Functional groups used in modelling in the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence for each time period.....................................................................................................13 Table 2. Observed biomass, lower and upper modelling constraints, and estimated fluxes for shrimp made using inverse modelling for each ecosystem and each time period ..........................................................................................................16 Table 3. Diet composition of shrimp used in modelling of the northern Gulf for 1985–1987 and 1994–1996 .........................................................................................17 Table 4. Diet composition of female and male shrimp used in modelling of the northern Gulf for 2000–2002 ......................................................................................18 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Northern Gulf of St. Lawrence (NAFO divisions 4RS)..............................................19 Figure 2. Distribution of catches by trophic groups for each time period estimated by the models....................................................................................................................20 Figure 3. Diet composition of shrimp estimated for each time period .......................................21 Figure 4. Main vertebrate and crustacean prey consumed in the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence for each time period....................................................................................22 Figure 5. Main vertebrate and crustacean prey groups consumed in the northern Gulf estimated for the early 2000s ......................................................................................23 Figure 6. Main mortality causes (fishing, predation, and natural mortality other than predation; i.e., other causes) on shrimp estimated for each time period.....................24 Figure 7. Main mortality causes (fishing, predation, and natural mortality other than predation; i.e., other mortality causes) on male and female shrimp estimated for the early 2000s.......................................................................................................25 Figure 8. Main predation fluxes on shrimp for each time period ...............................................26 Figure 9. Predation by small Greenland halibut estimated for each time period .......................27 Figure 10. Predation by large Greenland halibut estimated for each time period ........................28 v ABSTRACT Savenkoff, C., L. Savard, B. Morin, and D. Chabot. 2006. Main prey and predators of northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) in the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence during the mid-1980s, mid-1990s, and early 2000s. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2639: v+28 pp. We used results of mass-balance models to describe the changes in the structure and functioning of the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence ecosystem related to northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) for the mid-1980s, the mid-1990s, and the early 2000s. The net decrease in biomass of the
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