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History of Graphic Design the Invention of Writing • Use Tool Was A

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History of Graphic Design the Invention of Writing • Use Tool Was A History of Graphic Design The invention of writing • Use tool was a major step in the human species journey form a primitive to an organize state…. Pictographs: the animals painted on caves. Elementary sketches, the dawning of visual communication. Cuneiform: Petroglyphs and ideographs: petroglyphs: carved or scratched signs or simple figures on rock. Ideographs: many petroglyphs can also be pictographs or ideographs, which are symbols to represent ideas or concepts. The cradle of civilization: Ancient Mesopotamia The Sumerian influence Evolution of writing: Pictographs Cuneiform Rebus writing Difficult to learn Writing elevated… Libraries Literature Sense of history Standardization of weights and measurements Law Hammurabi’s code Mesopotamian visual identification: Mesopotamian Cylinder seals. Egyptian hieroglyphs: Egyptian rebus: represent of picture and sounds The Rosetta ston Papyrus and writing: writing on one side with olive oil. 1 Major step in visual communication Scribes Illustrated manuscripts: Egyptians also combined words and pictures to communicate information Egyptian visual identification: Scarabs Conclusion: 3000 years chapter 2 The alphabet: a set of visual symbols of characters used to represent the elementary sounds of a spoken language. North Semitic alphabet: Semite: a member of a number of people of ancient SW Asian including akkadians, Phoenicians, Hebrews and Arabs. Semitic refers to the language family… Aramaic alphabet: origin from syria First used by the tribes from Aram Become d Dominant in the near East Predecessor to modern Arabic and Hebrew. Hebrew and Arabic languages: Square Hebrews to Modern Hebrew kufic Naskhi Aramic and India The Greek alphabet: Greek civilization King Cadmus of Phoenicia Votive stela Boustrophedon: reading left to right, right to left. Uncials: rounder writing with all caps…. The Latin alphabet: The rise of Rome Roman serifs The Latin alphabet: Capitalis Quadrata Capitalis rustica: no space, even on wall writing Wall writing Parchment and vellum: cattle or cat skin. Vellum. 2 Codex: a early book Conclusions: alphabetic writing slowly transformed western society. Alphabetic writing was easy to learn and literacy was put with in reach of ordinary people, in contrast to the Egyptian and Mesopotamian cultures. Chapter 3 Chinese contribute: Relief printing block print Invention of paper Chops Calligraphy: • A purely visual language • Invented by Ts-an Chieh Logogram: A graphic character or sign that represents an entire word Early forms of Chinese calligraphy: four phases • Chia-ku-wen: bone or shell script • Chin-wen: bronze script: food • Hisao chuan • Chen-shu Chinese calligraphy: Bone-size authority Blood texture of ink Muscle –spirit or vital force The invention of paper: Invented by ts’ai lun His process for making paper stayed almost unchanged until nineteenth-century England mechanized it. The discovery of printing: Relief printing: parchment. Chops: made out of jade, ivory, silver, or gold. For legal document, contrast, and trade. Ink rubbings: Currency and religious texts Confucian classics and playing cards Moveable type: Invented around 1045 AD. Chapter 4 Two great traditions of manuscript illumination: combined detailed typography with pictures, color, and used presets material: gold, silver, leather, and jewel. 3 Eastern in Islamic country Western in Europe Scriptorium: Scrittori= art director Copist=letterer Illustrator=illuminator The classical style: Vatican Vergil: collection of poetry by Publius Vergillius Maro The medieval era: The 1000 year medieval era lasted from the 5th century fall of Rome to the 15th century renaissance. Celtic design: use 3 ornamental design with borders, carpet pages, geometric. The book of Durrow : 680 AD. The book of Durrow is the earliest fully designed and ornamented Celtic book Lindisfarne gospels 680-720AD: carpet pages Interlaces :geometric design made up of ribbon lacertines: animals Book of kells :800AD . Detail of a hare and hound(dog). used spaces between books The Caroline graphic renewal: Developed by the king of Franks Charlemagne. He unified writing, lower cap, and readability, page layout, punctuation further developed. Spanish pictorial expressionism: combined Islamic design with Christian tradition Romanesque and gothic manuscripts: letters were very condensed, emphasis on linear drawing, distorted figures. The Romanesque period THE GOTHIC PERIOD 1150-1300AD: Textura: text are dark, heavy, no space. The Douce apocalypse: 1265AD The ormesby psalter-1300’s Judaic manuscripts: encouraged artstic creativity for educational reason, or adorn religious objects. Haggadot: Islamic manuscripts: Koran Aniconish Islamic society believed that to make a representation n of a living thing was wrong, only god could create life and we as mortals should not make.. Persian artists 4 Safavid dynasty 1502-1736 AD: padishahnamah built a temple for his wife when she gave birth . The Limbourgs and Les Tres Riches Heures. Illuminated manuscripts continued to be produced into the early decades of the 16th century, but with the invention of moveable type doomed this ancient craft to extinction. Chapter 5 Printing comes to Europe Xylography: the technical term for the relief printing from a raised surface that originated in Asia. Typography: is the term for printing through the use of independent, movable and reusable bits of metal, each of which has a raised letterform on top. Watermark: translucent emblem produced by pressure Block books: woodcut picture book with religious subject Block printing: with communication function Copperplate engraving: printing is incised or cut down. P77 Type punch: engraved each character in the font- small and capital letters, number, punctuation, ligatures into the tope of a steel bar Type matrix: a soft copper or brass to make a negative impression of the letterform. Type mold: to cast individual letter. European block printing Devotional prints of saints Grotesques In art a grotesque is a decorative form with interlaced garlands and strange animal figures. Popular 1250 through the 15th century The ars moriendi Manual on the art of dying. Moveable type and Johann Gutenberg 5 1450 the first book printed in printing press: bible Type mold The Gutenberg bible 11.75x15 inch, 42line bible, 2 Columns, 2500 characters, 1282 pages Colophon: end of the book. Psalter in Latin was the first book with colophon. Chapter 6 the German Illustrated Book Typography is the major communications advance between the invention of writing and 20th century mass electronic communication. Incunabula : the cradle or body’s linen or beginning caused 17th century book makers to adopt it as a name for books printed from Gutenberg’s invention of typography to the end of 15th century 1450-1500 Albrecht pfister 1460AD became to illustrated book. Nuremberg becomes a printing center: “ Nur emberg chronicle ” made by Anton Koberger with Latin and roman language. Exemplars: handmade model layouts and manuscript texts used as guides for woodcut illustrations, typesetting, page design, and creation of books. Albrecht durer : publish Latin and German book” the four horseman of the apocalypse” “ The Life of the Virgin” his books were an example of his mastery in the use of line as tone. “Rhinoceros broadside” “a course in the art of measurement with compass and ruler 1525” geometric, Broad of martin luther. Designed marked first step roman typographic that based on humane italic script William Caxton created first English language book: the game and player of chesse. 90 books. Woodcut from Canterbury tales. Spanish style “Great works” White on black Broadsheet: Broadside: 6 Chapter 7 Renaissance Graphic Design 1. Renaissance: revial, rebirth. Type design, page layout, illustration 2. Ars Moriendi: the art of dying. Italian style. 3. die cut 4. fleuron 5. humanism 6. can-celleresca 7. renaissance man 8. caracteres de civilte 9. crible Nicolas: his font is extremely legible, but it was the spacing between the letters that was the genius of his work. 150 books Erhard ratdolt: Calendarium (record book) He renaissance loved floral decoration. Elements of geometry 1482 Ars Moriendi: the art of dying. Italian style. Giovanni and Alberto Alvise. 1st book believed to have fleuron. Renaissance humanism: was a philosophy of human dignity and worth that defined man as capable of using reason and scientific inquire to achieve both an understanding of the world and self meaning. Aldus Manutius: printer Francesco da bologna-aka griffo: art designer. They created the type Bembo at 1495 is still used today. The dream of poliphilus. Vergil’s Opera: The first book set in italic font, which is modeled after can- celleresca , a slanted handwriting style favored by scholars. Renaissance men: Geoffrey Tory loved letterform. Pot Casse : his trademark of his ten years old died daughter. Illustrated crible technique: tiny dots at background to add unity. Book of Hours:1525 Champ Fleury: ideas of proportion of letterform. Claude Garamond: was the first punch cutter to work independently of printing firms. He virtually eliminated Gothic style from Europe. Robert Granjon: developed character de civillite: the first book of fabulous stories. Christophe Plantin: his contribution to .. The Whole Book of Psalms: first book to north America. Chapter 8 7 Romain du roi:1692, transitional type style. quare grid. Frech king. Two people created this type: Philippe Grandjean- punchcutter. Louis Simonneau- engraver. Romain du roi initiated a category of type called transitional roman
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