The Pharaohs of Egypt

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Pharaohs of Egypt Ruler of The Pharaohs the Two of Egypt Lands IN LIFE, THE GOD HORUS 2019 ACADEMIC IN DEATH, SUPER BOWL THE GOD OSIRIS Problems of Egyptian History History of the Egyptian State Contest’s Egyptian concept of kingship Historical Nearly 5,000 years of history Massive collections of Everyday lives of pharaohs before the Roman conquest in archaeological artifacts but few Content the 1st Century BC personal narratives Civil and military powers of pharaohs Records of 33 Egyptian and Abundance of embellished and foreign dynasties with more idealized written records and Functions of the pharaohs’ royal cities than 270 known monarchs from mythologies but limited 3,100 BC to 30 BC historical narratives Significance of the death of pharaohs Contest The Reading Quide Resources THE CONTENT Chapter topics Myths, festivals, & rituals OF EVERY Time periods Deities, & spiritual forces Study Guide QUESTION Vocabulary Significant historical events Reading Guide Natural geographic features Significant foreign individuals COMES FROM Bodies of water & regions Significant individual Egyptians List of Eras, Dynasties, & Kings THESE FIVE Cultural geographic features Kings, queens, & dynasties Illustrated Worksheets Kingdoms & empires Royal insignia RESOURCES! Cities, buildings, monuments, tombs Government officials Study Questions Non-Egyptian peoples Members of the court List of Eras, Dynasties, & Kings Worksheets The chronological list includes the dynasties of each era of Egyptian Worksheets contain photographs of selected Egyptian buildings, history as well as the most important kings associated with selected monuments, and tombs as well as drawings of selected Egyptian gods, dynasty. To answer the contest question, students need to recognize goddesses, and spirits. Students should fill the boxes connected to only the selected kings and only the boldfaced dynasties. To make each pictures with very general information about the subjects. Such identification of kings easier, questions will often refer to both kings and information is available in textbooks and on the internet. Contest their dynasties. Dynasties are often identified with their historical era. questions on these subjects will require only basic knowledge. Study Use the Reading Guide to study only one chapter at Practice Questions Hints a time. Develop a general chronology of Egyptian history. Because much of the Find references to individuals, concepts, and events content is in the pictures as well as in the text. Each coach has been provided a series of practice questions that may be used in a variety of ways. Students should be aware that the both obscure Develop general narratives and/or summaries of questions, correct answers, and distractors from the sets of practice and difficult … dynasties and time periods. questions as well as the invitational questions might contain content that will reappear in questions at the area and state competitions. Create some kind of “card file” of individuals, concepts, and events. The Pharaoh The last native ruler of Egypt until by Garry J. Shaw Observation the 20th Century appears to have been Khababash who ruled as king of a portion of Egypt after he 1. Pharaonic Kingship rebelled against which of the 2. The Story of the Two Lands Answers are following foreign rulers in 338 BC? 3. Becoming Pharaoh usually 4. Being Pharaoh arranged in A. Arabs 5. Pharaohs on Campaign 6. Royal Cities B. Greeks/Macedonians alphabetical 7. The Pharaoh in Death C. Persians order. 8. The Last Pharaohs D. Romans Dr, Garry J Shaw A Message from Garry Shaw . Earned a doctorate in Egyptology from the University of Liverpool . Taught at the University of Liverpool, the American University in Cairo, the Bloomsbury Summer School, and the Egypt Exploration Society It’s wonderful to hear that my book was chosen for the . Written several books on ancient Egypt as well as articles for various Academic Super Bowl. I wrote The Pharaoh in the hope that history and travel magazines people of all ages would find it educational and enjoyable – the . Frequently lectures for Egyptology world of the pharaohs is an exciting one and should be societies and museums both in the UK and around the world accessible to everyone to explore. I hope the students find it . Contributes to numerous television an interesting read and maybe it will even inspire some future and radio programs and leads tours of Egyptian archaeological sites and archaeologists, historians, and Egyptologists! museums . [email protected] Typical Question from Text Questions about Pictures from the Text Three of the following statements accurately describe the process of The reading guide refers to The facial details of this sketch of an Egyptian king the mummification of an Egyptian king. Which statement is false? “mummification and royal indicates that he is doing which of the following? The Reading Guide for funeral” in Chapter 7, The Chapter 3, Becoming Pharaoh in Death. Page Pharaoh, refers to A. The brain was removed through the nose, torn and ripped apart 181 explains that the A. Displaying his unification with the royal ka-spirit “ceremonial dress and by a hooked instrument. pharaoh’s heart always grooming.” The B. Fasting during the Sed Festival B. The heart and other internal organs were placed in the canopic remained within the body question and answer chest or individual canopic jars. because it was required for C. Mourning the death of a relative relates to the picture the afterlife judgement and caption on page C. In order to dehydrate the body, it was filled and surrounded by when it was weighed. D. Participating in a ritual purification 64. packets of a salt mixture. D. When fully dehydrated, the body cavity was filled with cloth or sawdust. Map Questions from the Text Time Periods Are Important The reading guide Which one of these markers points toward the location of refers to Thebes in Thebes, the home of both the Karnak Temple and the Luxor The Predynastic Periods both the Introduction Temple? Early Dynastic Period Students need a basic understanding and Chapter 6, Royal of the significant time periods of The Old Kingdom Egyptian history. In studying the time Cities. The map on The First Intermediate Period periods, they should recognize: page 10 shows the A. Marker A The Middle Kingdom location of Thebes. B. Marker B The Second Intermediate Period General characteristics C. Marker C The New Kingdom Similarities and differences D. Marker D The Third Intermediate Period Continuities and changes The Late Period Typical Question from Research Contest questions include very general information about selected monumental buildings and Egyptian deities that is not necessarily available in Garry Shaw’s text, The Pharaoh. This Egyptian god is commonly depicted as a pharaoh The question and the wearing the Atef crown with two curling ostrich feathers picture are taken from Other and carrying the crook and flail. His complexion is often green which is the color associated with which of his the worksheet topic divine roles? “Osiris.” Sources Students should have A simple worksheet with pictures of the buildings A. God of Childbirth discovered the symbolism of his and the deities has been provided to all teams. B. God of Nile green skin. Students should complete the worksheet by C. God of Resurrection recording only very basic information that is readily available form other texts and the internet. D. God of the Sun Questions from Chapter 1 Questions from Chapter 2 Pharaonic Kingship: Evolution & Ideology The Story of the Two Lands During which of the early periods of Egyptian history did The reading guide refers to Montuhotep II reunited Upper and Lower Egypt ending the The Reading Guide refers to the major centers of Lower Egypt coalesce and their Naqada I, Naqada II, and First Intermediate Period and initiating the Middle Kingdom. Montuhotep II as well as the material culture slowly spread southward? Naqada III as well as the He was a descendant of which of the following men? formation of the Middle “predynastic origins of Kingdom which are both kingship” during the Naqada described in Chapter 2, The A. Naqada I (4000 to 3500 BC) Period. The reading guide A. The foreign Hyksos kings of Avaris Story of the Two Lands. B. Naqada II (3500 to 3150 BC) also refers to the key B. Intef, nomarch of Thebes and overseer of priests, a concepts of Upper and Lower commoner C. Naqada III (3150 to 3000 BC) Egypt in the Introduction. The Reading Guide also C. The long-reigning Pepi II, the last king of the Old Kingdom th D. None of the above. It was the culture of Upper Egypt refers to the 17 Century that coalesced and spread northward. D. The nearly anonymous kings of Herakleopolis Magna invasion of the Hyksos in the Second Intermediate Period. Questions from Chapter 3 Questions from Chapter 4 Becoming Pharaoh Being Pharaoh During the 18th Dynasty, the first of the New Kingdom, the office of royal Compared to other female kings in the history of Egypt, tutor acquired greater prominence than in previous dynasties. Though Hatshepsut’s reign as a female king was an unusual event for why this happened is unclear, Garry Shaw writes that tutors enjoyed The Reading Guide refers to which of the following reasons? The Reading Guide refers to increased prestige as many of the kings were away from their palaces “wet nurses and tutors of the the one-page insert entitled doing which of the following? royal nursery” in Chapter 3, “Queens as Kings” in Chapter Becoming Pharaoh. Page 53 A. She ruled during a period of relative stability. describes the 18th Dynasty 4, Being Pharaoh, which A. Defending Egypt from Hyksos and Libyan invaders as a time of “empire building” B. She seized power from the incompetent men of her own describes the similarities of in which kings, who spent most females kings as well as B.
Recommended publications
  • Ancient Egyptian Royal Circumcision from the Pyramid Complex of Djedkare
    Ancient Egyptian Royal Circumcision from the Pyramid Complex of Djedkare • XLIX/2 • pp. 155–164 • 2011 mohAmED mEGAhED, hAnA VYmAZALoVÁ ANCIENT EGYPTIAN ROYAL CIRCUMCISION FROM THE PYRAMID COMPLEX OF DJEDKARE ABSTRACT: Male circumcision in ancient Egypt is well documented in representative scenes in tombs, as well as in physical remains of Egyptian people from various periods. Scenes showing the operation of circumcision are however very rare and only a few examples have been preserved from the millennia of Egyptian history. This paper presents another example of such a scene, which was found on a relief fragment discovered in the pyramid complex of the Fifth Dynasty king Djedkare. At the moment, it is the oldest preserved depiction of this operation known so far, and it probably played a ritual function within the king's pyramid complex decoration program. KEY WORDS: Ancient Egypt – Djedkare – Relief – Circumcision INTRODUCTION numerous fragments of reliefs have been found in the late Fifth Dynasty pyramid complex of Djedkare in As well as the other old Kingdom pyramid complexes, South Saqqara (Figure 1) by the Egyptian archaeological Djedkare's pyramid complex was badly damaged over missions between the 1940s and 1980s, when limited and time, and as a result of the reuse of its building materials unsystematic excavations were carried out in the funerary throughout succeeding generations. modern excavation temple under the direction of Abdel Salam mohamed of the monuments have however begun to reveal the hussain, Ahmed Fakhry, and mahmoud Abdel Razek. architectural plan of the sites and have brought to light Results of this work were never fully published and the fragments of decoration programs of the individual fragments of relief decoration have not been available complexes; these provide us with partial information about for the scientific public (see Fakhry 1959: 10, 30, Leclant the kings and their reigns.
    [Show full text]
  • Tutankhamun's Dentition: the Pharaoh and His Teeth
    Brazilian Dental Journal (2015) 26(6): 701-704 ISSN 0103-6440 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201300431 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Tutankhamun’s Dentition: Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany The Pharaoh and his Teeth 2Institute of Egyptology/Egyptian Museum Georg Steindorff, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany 3Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany Niels Christian Pausch1, Franziska Naether2, Karl Friedrich Krey3 Correspondence: Dr. Niels Christian Pausch, Liebigstraße 12, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. Tel: +49- 341-97-21160. e-mail: niels. [email protected] Tutankhamun was a Pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty (New Kingdom) in ancient Egypt. Medical and radiological investigations of his skull revealed details about the jaw and teeth status of the mummy. Regarding the jaw relation, a maxillary prognathism, a mandibular retrognathism and micrognathism have been discussed previously. A cephalometric analysis was performed using a lateral skull X-ray and a review of the literature regarding Key Words: Tutankhamun’s King Tutankhamun´s mummy. The results imply diagnosis of mandibular retrognathism. dentition, cephalometric analysis, Furthermore, third molar retention and an incomplete, single cleft palate are present. mandibular retrognathism Introduction also been discussed (11). In 1922, the British Egyptologist Howard Carter found the undisturbed mummy of King Tutankhamun. The Case Report spectacular discovery enabled scientists of the following In the evaluation of Tutankhamun’s dentition and jaw decades to analyze the Pharaoh's remains. The mummy alignment, contemporary face reconstructions and coeval underwent multiple autopsies. Until now, little was artistic images can be of further use. However, the ancient published about the jaw and dentition of the King.
    [Show full text]
  • The Religious Reforms of Akhenaten and the Cult of the Aten
    The Pharaoh’s Sun-Disc : The Religious Reforms of Akhenaten and the Cult of the Aten The 18th Dynasty Pharaoh Akhenaten, known to many as the “Heretic King,” made significant changes to the religious institutions of Ancient Egypt during his reign in the 14th century BCE. The traditional view long maintained that these reforms, focused on the promotion of a single solar god known as the Aten, constituted an early form of monotheism foreshadowing the rise of Western Biblical tradition. However, this simplification ignores the earlier henotheistic tendency of Egyptian polytheism and the role of Atenism in strengthening the Pharaoh’s authority in the face of the powerful Amun-Ra priesthood, as well as distinctions between the monotheism of Moses and Akhenaten’s cult. Instead, the religion of Akhenaten, which developed from earlier ideas surrounding the solar deity motif, can be seen as an instance of monotheistic practice in form but not in function, characterized by a lack of conviction outside the new capital of Akhetaten as well as an ultimate goal of establishing not one god but one ruling power in Egypt: the Pharaoh. This will become clear through an analysis of the background to Akhenaten’s reign, the nature of his reforms and possible motivations, and the reality of Atenism vis-à-vis later Biblical monotheism. The “revolution” of Akhenaten, born Amunhotep IV,1 evidently had significant implications both during and after his reign. The radical nature of his reforms is clearly visible in the later elimination of his name and those of his immediate successors from the official list of rulers.2 However, it is possible to see the roots of these changes, and perhaps of the Pharaoh’s motivations, in earlier developments in the importance and form 1 Greek Amunhopis IV.
    [Show full text]
  • Mechanical Engineering in Ancient Egypt, Part 45: Birds Statues (Falcon and Vulture)
    International Journal of Emerging Engineering Research and Technology Volume 5, Issue 3, March 2017, PP 39-48 ISSN 2349-4395 (Print) & ISSN 2349-4409 (Online) http://dx.doi.org/10.22259/ijeert.0503004 Mechanical Engineering in Ancient Egypt, Part 45: Birds Statues (Falcon and Vulture) Galal Ali Hassaan (Emeritus Professor), Department of Mechanical Design & Production, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt ABSTRACT The evolution of mechanical engineering in ancient Egypt is investigated in this research paper through studying the production of statues and figurines of falcons and vultures. Examples from historical eras between Predynastic and Late Periods are presented, analysed and aspects of quality and innovation are outlined in each one. Material, dynasty, main dimension (if known) and present location are also outlined to complete the information about each statue or figurine. Keywords: Mechanical engineering, ancient Egypt, falcon statues, vulture statues INTRODUCTION This is the 45th paper in a scientific research aiming at presenting a deep insight into the history of mechanical engineering during the ancient Egyptian civilization. The paper handles the production of falcon and vulture statues and figurines during the Predynastic and Dynastic Periods of the ancient Egypt history. This work depicts the insight of ancient Egyptians to birds lived among them and how they authorized its existence through statuettes and figurines. Smith (1960) in his book about ancient Egypt as represented in the Museum of Fine Arts at Boston presented a number of bird figurines including ducks from the Middle Kingdom, gold ibis from the New Kingdom and a wooden spoon in the shape of a duck and lady from the New Kingdom [1].
    [Show full text]
  • The Egyptian Predynastic and State Formation
    J Archaeol Res DOI 10.1007/s10814-016-9094-7 The Egyptian Predynastic and State Formation Alice Stevenson1 Ó The Author(s) 2016. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract When the archaeology of Predynastic Egypt was last appraised in this journal, Savage (2001a, p. 101) expressed optimism that ‘‘a consensus appears to be developing that stresses the gradual development of complex society in Egypt.’’ The picture today is less clear, with new data and alternative theoretical frameworks challenging received wisdom over the pace, direction, and nature of complex social change. Rather than an inexorable march to the beat of the neo-evolutionary drum, primary state formation in Egypt can be seen as a more syncopated phenomenon, characterized by periods of political experimentation and shifting social boundaries. Notably, field projects in Sudan and the Egyptian Delta together with new dating techniques have set older narratives of development into broader frames of refer- ence. In contrast to syntheses that have sought to measure abstract thresholds of complexity, this review of the period between c. 4500 BC and c. 3000 BC tran- scends analytical categories by adopting a practice-based examination of multiple dimensions of social inequality and by considering how the early state may have become a lived reality in Egypt around the end of the fourth millennium BC. Keywords State formation Á Social complexity Á Neo-evolutionary theory Á Practice theory Á Kingship Á Predynastic Egypt Introduction Forty years ago, the sociologist Abrams (1988, p. 63) famously spoke of the difficulty of studying that most ‘‘spurious of sociological objects’’—the modern state.
    [Show full text]
  • The Origin of the Word Amen: Ancient Knowledge the Bible Has Never Told
    Ghana Journal of Linguistics 9.1: 72-96 (2020) ______________________________________________________________________________ http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjl.v9i1.4 EDITORIAL BOOK CRITIQUE: THE ORIGIN OF THE WORD AMEN: ANCIENT KNOWLEDGE THE BIBLE HAS NEVER TOLD Ọbádélé Bakari Kambon Editor-in-Chief Abstract: The Origin of the Word Amen: Ancient Knowledge the Bible has Never Told is a book that promises to pique the interest of any reader interested in classical Kmt ‘Black Nation/Land of the Blacks’, mdw nTr ‘Hieroglyphs,’ the Akan language, and historical-linguistic connections between the three. Specifically, the book promises to deliver information about how the word imn ‘Amen,’ as attested in classical Kmt ‘Black Nation/Land of the Blacks,’ persists in the contemporary Akan language. While under a steady hand this should be a simple enough thesis to substantiate, unfortunately, the authors’ obvious lack of grounding in historical linguistics, their lack of knowledge of mdw nTr ‘Hieroglyphs’ as well as their lack of understanding the morphology (word structure) of the Akan language all mar the analyses presented in the book. Keywords: Amen, Heru Narmer, historical linguistics, folk etymology Osei, O. K., Issa, J., & Faraji, S. (2020). The Origin of the Word Amen: Ancient Knowledge the Bible has Never Told. Long Beach, CA: Amen-Ra Theological Seminary Press. 1. Introduction In The Origin of the Word Amen: Ancient Knowledge the Bible has Never Told, what should be an open-and-shut case is saddled with a plethora of spurious look-alikes and folk etymologies prompted by attempts to analyze one language with another without actually having studying the language to be analyzed itself.
    [Show full text]
  • Crossroads 360 Virtual Tour Script Edited
    Crossroads of Civilization Virtual Tour Script Note: Highlighted text signifies content that is only accessible on the 360 Tour. Welcome to Crossroads of Civilization. We divided this exhibit not by time or culture, but rather by traits that are shared by all civilizations. Watch this video to learn more about the making of Crossroads and its themes. Entrance Crossroads of Civilization: Ancient Worlds of the Near East and Mediterranean Crossroads of Civilization looks at the world's earliest major societies. Beginning more than 5,000 years ago in Egypt and the Near East, the exhibit traces their developments, offshoots, and spread over nearly four millennia. Interactive timelines and a large-scale digital map highlight the ebb and flow of ancient cultures, from Egypt and the earliest Mesopotamian kingdoms of the Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians, to the vast Persian, Hellenistic, and finally Roman empires, the latter eventually encompassing the entire Mediterranean region. Against this backdrop of momentous historical change, items from the Museum's collections are showcased within broad themes. Popular elements from classic exhibits of former years, such as our Greek hoplite warrior and Egyptian temple model, stand alongside newly created life-size figures, including a recreation of King Tut in his chariot. The latest research on our two Egyptian mummies features forensic reconstructions of the individuals in life. This truly was a "crossroads" of cultural interaction, where Asian, African, and European peoples came together in a massive blending of ideas and technologies. Special thanks to the following for their expertise: ● Dr. Jonathan Elias - Historical and maps research, CT interpretation ● Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Egyptology.Pdf
    oi.uchicago.edu JAN 1 0 1992 RESEARCH ARCHIVES -DIRECTOR'S LIBRARY THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO EGYPTOLOGY AT THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO Internet publication of this work was made possible with the generous support of Misty and Lewis Gruber Oriental Institute, University of Chicago Printed by University of Chicago Printing Department, 1983 On the cover: Painted Decoration at Medinet Habu Cleaned by the Epigraphic Survey oi.uchicago.edu ,At work in anlent Thebes. I dorm - . oi.uchicago.edu The Oriental Institute and the World of the Pharaohs n the desert west of the Nile, an Egyptologist scrutinizes the traces of an inscription on a temple wall: comparing an artist's drawing with the wall itself, he will occa- sionally add a line to the drawing or take one away. Earlier the wall was photographed in fine detail, but since a camera cannot discriminate between the effects of weathering and the signs carved by an ancient craftsman, an artist working di- rectly on an enlargement of the photograph made a drawing that allows the carvings to be distin- guished from accidental marks. When the drawing was completed, the photograph was bleached out, leaving a facsimile of what survives of the original craftsman's work. Now the Egyptologist is checking for any trace of ancient carving that the artist might have missed, or any clues that might have escaped the camera s eye. The Egyptologist, the photog- rapher and the artist are members work in Egypt concentrates pri- Artist comparing drawing with of a team of specialists working on marily on the documentation of the the original scene.
    [Show full text]
  • Faithful Sayings Mahoney Ends His Film Aling, Charles F
    6 ISSUE BULLETIN OF THE OLSEN Conclusion Works Cited PARK CHURCH OF CHRIST Faithful Sayings Mahoney ends his film Aling, Charles F. “The Biblical City of Ramses” Journal of the Evangelical 17.47 acknowledging that he is Theological Society 25.2 (July 1982) 129-137. Ben-Tor, Amnon and Maria Teresa Rubiato. “Excavating Hazor, Part Two: Did November 29, a filmmaker and not an the Israelites Destroy the Canaanite City?” Biblical Archaeology Review 2015 expert in these fields, but 25.3 (May/June 1999): 22-29, 31-36, 38-39. he expresses his conviction Bietak, Manfred. Avaris and PiRamesse: Archaeological Exploration in the that this evidence deserves Eastern Nile Delta. Proceedings of the British Academy, 65 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1981). Services consideration by the public. __________. Avaris, the capital of the Hyksos: recent excavations at Tell el- Rohl’s “new chronology” Sunday: 9:00 AM Dabʻa I (London: British Museum Press, 1996). 10:00 AM has its critics, and only Gardiner, Alan H. The Admonitions of an Egyptian Sage from a Hieratic Papy- time will tell if it with- rus in Leiden. (Hildesheim: Georg Olms Verlag, 1969). 11:00 AM stands the test of further Hayes, William C. A Papyrus of the Late Middle Kingdom in the Brooklyn Wednesday: 7:00 PM Museum. (New York: Brooklyn Museum, 1955). analysis and scrutiny. I too Levin, Yigal. “Did Pharaoh Sheshonq Attack Jerusalem?” Biblical Archaeology Did the Exodus Really Happen? am no expert, but in the Review 38.4 (July/August 2012) 42-52, 66. Elders: By Kyle Pope face of a world quick to Schiestl, Robert.
    [Show full text]
  • Amarna Period Down to the Opening of Sety I's Reign
    oi.uchicago.edu STUDIES IN ANCIENT ORIENTAL CIVILIZATION * NO.42 THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO Thomas A. Holland * Editor with the assistance of Thomas G. Urban oi.uchicago.edu oi.uchicago.edu Internet publication of this work was made possible with the generous support of Misty and Lewis Gruber THE ROAD TO KADESH A HISTORICAL INTERPRETATION OF THE BATTLE RELIEFS OF KING SETY I AT KARNAK SECOND EDITION REVISED WILLIAM J. MURNANE THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO STUDIES IN ANCIENT ORIENTAL CIVILIZATION . NO.42 CHICAGO * ILLINOIS oi.uchicago.edu Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 90-63725 ISBN: 0-918986-67-2 ISSN: 0081-7554 The Oriental Institute, Chicago © 1985, 1990 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Published 1990. Printed in the United States of America. oi.uchicago.edu TABLE OF CONTENTS List of M aps ................................ ................................. ................................. vi Preface to the Second Edition ................................................................................................. vii Preface to the First Edition ................................................................................................. ix List of Bibliographic Abbreviations ..................................... ....................... xi Chapter 1. Egypt's Relations with Hatti From the Amarna Period Down to the Opening of Sety I's Reign ...................................................................... ......................... 1 The Clash of Empires
    [Show full text]
  • Ancient History
    2002 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION Ancient History Total marks – 100 Section I Pages 2–5 Personalities in Their Times – 25 marks • Attempt ONE question from Questions 1–12 •Allow about 45 minutes for this section Section II Pages 9–22 Ancient Societies – 25 marks • Attempt ONE question from Questions 13–25 General Instructions •Allow about 45 minutes for this section • Reading time – 5 minutes Section III Pages 25–31 •Working time – 3 hours •Write using black or blue pen Historical Periods – 25 marks • Attempt ONE question from Questions 26–44 •Allow about 45 minutes for this section Section IV Pages 33–45 Additional Historical Period OR Additional Ancient Society – 25 marks • Attempt ONE question from Questions 45–63 OR ONE question from Question 64–76 • Choose a different Ancient Society from the one you chose in Section II, or a different Historical Period from the one you chose in Section III •Allow about 45 minutes for this section 104 Section I — Personalities in Their Times 25 marks Attempt ONE question from Questions 1–12 Allow about 45 minutes for this section Answer the question in a writing booklet. Extra writing booklets are available. Page Question 1 — Option A – Egypt: Hatshepsut ................................................................. 3 Question 2 — Option B – Egypt: Akhenaten .................................................................. 3 Question 3 — Option C – Egypt: Ramesses II ................................................................ 3 Question 4 — Option D – Near East: Sennacherib ..............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Who Was Who at Amarna
    1 Who was Who at Amarna Akhenaten’s predecessors Amenhotep III: Akhenaten’s father, who ruled for nearly 40 years during the peak of Egypt’s New Kingdom empire. One of ancient Egypt’s most prolific builders, he is also known for his interest in the solar cult and promotion of divine kingship. He was buried in WV22 at Thebes, his mummy later cached with other royal mummies in the Tomb of Amenhotep II (KV 35) in the Valley of the Kings. Tiye: Amenhotep III’s chief wife and the mother of Akhenaten. Her parents Yuya and Tjuyu were from the region of modern Akhmim in Egypt’s south. She may have lived out her later years at Akhetaten and died in the 14th year of Akhenaten’s reign. Funerary equipment found in the Amarna Royal Tomb suggests she was originally buried there, although her mummy was later moved to Luxor and is perhaps to be identified as the ‘elder lady’ from the KV35 cache. Akhenaten and his family Akhenaten: Son and successor of Amenhotep III, known for his belief in a single solar god, the Aten. He spent most of his reign at Akhetaten (modern Amarna), the sacred city he created for the Aten. Akhenaten died of causes now unknown in the 17th year of his reign and was buried in the Amarna Royal Tomb. His body was probably relocated to Thebes and may be the enigmatic mummy recovered in the early 20th century in tomb KV55 in the Valley of the Kings. Nefertiti: Akhenaten’s principal queen. Little is known of her background, although she may also have come from Akhmim.
    [Show full text]