SPRING 2017

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Herbicides for Roundup Ready 2 Xtend Approved Pennsylvania Board HARRISBURG, Pa. — Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture approved should not be allowed to remain in the soybean farmers have a new weapon in Xtendimax, Engenia and FeXapan for tank overnight, and a triple rinse, filled to their fight against the spread of marestail Xtend soybeans in Pennsylvania. at least 10-20% of spray tank capacity LEARN MORE and other resistant weeds. Lingenfelter says Penn State’s Weed and using a commercial sprayer cleaner Glyphosate-resistant marestail and The Pennsylvania Department of Agricul- Science group sees potential benefit of containing strong detergents, is needed to invasive pigweeds have become ture has approved the use of the new these products as a burndown because clean all system parts. a significant pest management prob- Xtendimax with VaporGrip Technology, it’s generally applied in April or May The Xtendimax and Engenia labels lem for no-till soybean producers in Engenia and FeXapan plus VaporGrip before susceptible vegetation and air tem- for use on Xtend soybeans are conditional, Pennsylvania. Technology formulations of to peratures become problematic. In-crop, 2-year supplemental labels. “They can be Dwight Lingenfelter and other help control glyphosate and PPO-resistant the weeds must be controlled before they prolonged if there are few or minimal weeds specialists from Penn State weeds in Xtend soybeans in 2017. exceed 4 inches in height. However, problems in the first two years, but if have been presenting educational “We see this as an opportunity for post-emergence application is a particular significant problems arise, they can be seminars at conferences, grower marestail control in burndown programs,” concern for Pennsylvania growers due to revoked,” says Lingenfelter. “That’s why days, and other events throughout says Dwight Lingenfelter, Penn State the potential for non-target injury. it’s critical for applicators who use these the state. Weed Science Specialist. However, he “Off-target spray drift to other crops is products to carefully follow all labeling The Pennsylvania Soybean Board cautions, there are very strict and specific a significant concern,” says Lingenfelter. instructions. We are encouraging slow has approved a checkoff-funded measures farmers need to take. Illegal “In order to reduce drift and the other targeted adoption and look forward to project to help support their efforts off-label applications in a number of negative impacts to non-target areas, these learning from the experiences of other in educating producers on best man- states last year led to reports of crop labels and associated websites (see below) states and regions that need this technol- agement practices for prevention and injury, some severe. list what herbicides can be tank-mixed ogy more.” management of herbicide resistant Xtend soybeans were developed by with these products. Other guidelines Lingenfelter reminds farmers to weeds, including proactive monitor- to allow pre or post applica- include prescribed nozzle types, boom always read and follow pesticide label ing programs, use of herbicide tions of dicamba (the active ingredient in heights, sprayer speed and wind speed directions. It is a violation of Federal programs that include multiple Clarity) on soybeans. These varieties are limits. Also, depending on the landscape and state law to use any pesticide modes of action and adoption of also stacked with the Roundup Ready setting, field buffers must be included if product in a manner inconsistent with its integrated weed management trait. Roundup Ready 2 Xtend soybeans susceptible crops are present and labeling. Guidelines for using Xtendimax, strategies. (dicamba-tolerant) were deregulated and downwind at the time of application. The Engenia and FeXapan can change periodi- approved in 2015 and received export application cannot occur if wind is cally as new information is acquired. Check with your county approval in 2016. In November 2016, the blowing in the direction of specific crops Refer to their labels and websites for Extension educator for more EPA registered the dicamba product such as tomatoes, vine crops, grapes, and additional information and updates information or online for Xtendimax (DGA salt) with VaporGrip others. The applicator is responsible for online by Monsanto at www.xtendimax Palmer amaranth and Technology for weed control in Xtend any drift of these products to off-target applicationrequirements.com, waterhemp at soybeans. BASF’s Engenia (BAPMA salt) sites, so if you can’t follow all of the by BASF at www.engeniatankmix.com, http://extension.psu.edu/pests/ received federal approval in December, guidelines, do not use it.” and by DuPont at weeds/palmer-amaranth. and DuPont received federal approval for Tank contamination can also play a www.fexapanapplicationrequirements. FeXapan (DGA salt) plus VaporGrip in role in off-target movement, so tank dupont.com February. In February, the Pennsylvania cleanout is critical. The spray solution Aim for Higher-Yielding Double-Cropped Soybeans Pennsylvania Soybean Board REDUCING SPRAY DRIFT HARRISBURG, Pa. — After harvesting small grains, such as , many U.S. soybean farmers opt to plant soybeans into the just-emptied field. In collaboration with researchers in Virginia and other states in the region, the Pennsylvania Soybean Board is funding research to help accelerate double crop soybean growth and yield by providing insight and data to support management recommendations for double crop soybean Spray drift is the movement of herbicides and other crop inputs away from production. intended target sites through the air. Several factors play a role in reducing The main disadvantage of double-cropping spray drift, but farmers should pay particular attention to these four: soybeans is the potential for lower soy- bean yields, primarily due to late planting. NOZZLE SELECTION – The nozzle’s intended use determines the type of nozzle needed. According to Virginia Tech soybean researcher • Examine current and future application requirements for your fields David Holshouser, Ph.D., farmers can increase • Prepare several sets of nozzles for different application needs double-cropped soybean yields by focusing • Consult herbicide labels and nozzle catalogs to help calibrate on production practices that enhance the Photo by Holly Slegowski, PSB sprayer systems for individual field needs. advantages and minimize the disadvantages. Late planting Double-cropping is popular because it provides DROPLET SIZE – When boom or nozzle pressure is increased, a higher percentage many advantages, including more cash flow, • Plant soybeans the same day of small grain harvest. of droplets are small. The smaller the droplet, the greater the chances of off-target drift. improved soil quality, less soil erosion, more • Use a late-maturing soybean variety that will mature intensive use of land, equipment, labor and before frost. APPLICATION SPEEDS – Maintain reasonable speed. Higher speeds often result in smaller droplets, which are more likely to remain suspended in the air and can capital, and greater overall production of food • Plant in narrow rows with a higher seeding rate. move long distances. and feed. Holshouser stresses that farmers can im- Pests ADDITIONAL OPTIONS – Carefully select drift-reduction nozzles and additives prove double-cropped soybean yields by • Start with a clean, weed-free field, add residual to control drift. focusing on the variables that have the greatest herbicides to pre and/or post burndown applications impact. He recommends several strategies and rotate modes of action. For more information, visit soybean farmers can implement to manage the • Use spray insecticides based on economic thresholds. www.TakeActionOnWeeds.com following four variables to increase double- • Sample for nematodes. crop yields: Brought to you by the soycheckoff. • Select pest-resistant soybean varieties. Small grain residues Economics • Cut the grain high or use a stripper header and Checkoff Funded Research • Pay attention to soil types and productivity differences uniformly spread the residue and set the planter From variety trials to On-Farm Network testing and more, providing to determine the best fields for double-cropping. to cut through and penetrate the soil to a proper farmers with cutting-edge research they can use to better manage their seeding depth. • Compare soybean prices with small-grain prices to crops is one of the most important ways the Pennsylvania Soybean • Remember that maintaining residue conserves decide whether to plant full-season or double-cropped Board (PSB) serves the state’s farmers. See the Research Summaries soil moisture and builds soil fertility, but soil- soybeans. section of our website at www.pasoybean.org. seed contact is critical to germination. • Evaluate variable costs and fixed costs. Best Management Practices for Marestail Control Dwight Lingenfelter, Penn State Weed Specialist Think you know herbicide-resistant weeds? Here are the general guidelines for horseweed/marestail management: TAKE THIS QUIZ! 1. Start clean and control marestail prior to soybean emergence. 1. Herbicide-resistant weeds cost U.S. 2. Size matters when controlling farmers $2 billion a year.* marestail. Control horseweed when it True False is small (under 6 inches tall ), while it 2. What are some cultural or herbicide is still in the rosette stage and prior to best management practices that can be bolting. used to slow the development of herbi- 3. Use 2,4-D and/or Shapen, Verdict, cide resistance?* Photo by United Soybean Board Optill (saflufenacil) in the burndown (A) Applying multiple MOAs (B) Scouting program to control emerged plants. (C) Crop rotation (D) Residual herbicides Saflufenacil use on coarse soils with 2% (E) All of the above or less organic matter is more restrictive. 3. For in-season weed control, when is the best time to control weeds?* 4. Applications in April should include (A) 8 weeks after soybean emergence (B) 4 weeks after soybean emergence a residual herbicide to control later (C) 2 weeks after soybean emergence (D) None of the above emerging plants. 4. Marestail matures in late summer or early fall and produces up 5. Plant a LibertyLink soybean variety to how many seeds per plant?* if possible and use an in-crop, post (A) 200 (B) 2,000 (C) 200,000 (D) 2,000,000 Photo by Dwight Lingenfelter, Penn State herbicide if necessary. Bayer introduced Credenz soybean this year, which is a 5. The single most important factor leading to the development of STATE COLLEGE, Pa. — There has been a new trademarked soybean that is avail- herbicide resistance is overreliance on a single herbicide.* lot of discussion about horseweed/marestail able either as LibertyLink or with True False management in soybeans in recent years. glyphosate tolerance. 6. For weeds like Palmer amaranth and waterhemp, when should you Historically glyphosate resistant horseweed 6. In our trial last year at Landisville, apply postemergence herbicides?* was limited to southeastern Pennsylvania a two-pass program of glyphosate (A) Before weeds grow 3 inches tall down into the Delmarva and west in Ohio, only provided 67% control. A two-pass (B) When weeds are between 4 and 8 inches tall but now it is much more common in central program that included FirstRate with (C) Neither A or B Pennsylvania and has appeared in western glyphosate POST provided 84% control. 7. Which of the following could indicate herbicide-resistant weeds?* and northern Pennsylvania as well. There are recommendations/restric- (A) Weeds that are normally controlled by the herbicide at the Marestail competes with soybeans tions for tank-mixing saflufenacil with applied rate survive throughout the growing season and reduces other Group 14 or PPO herbicides due to (B) Surviving weeds mixed with controlled individuals of the same species crop yield. This weed is mostly a problem in the concern for soybean injury. Accord- (C) A spreading patch of non-controlled weeds of a particular weed species no-till and is more of a problem in soybean ing to the BASF labels, you must wait (D) All of the above than corn. It is also a common sight along at least 14 days if you mix 1 fl. oz. of Sharpen (or 5 fl. oz. Verdict) with other 8. When should you begin scouting for weeds?* the margins of some fields where herbicide (A) 14-20 days after initial postemergence application programs are usually more hit or miss. Group 14 herbicides (More than 1 fl. oz. Sharpen requires 30 days). (B) 20-26 days after initial postemergence application Marestail matures in late summer or early (C) 7-14 days after initial postemergence application fall, and produces up to 200,000 seeds per Soil-applied Group 14 herbicide (D) Scouting isn’t necessary plant, which are readily dispersed by wind. include the following: Ohio and Indiana farmers are also battling 9. Planting high-yielding, competitive crop varieties can enhance your • Flumioxazin products - Valor, Valor weed control.* marestail and it’s not uncommon for them XLT, Envive, Trivence, Afforia, Fierce, to have both glyphosate and Group 2 or True False Surveil, Gangster, Rowel, Rowel FX 10. There are fewer than 100 weeds with herbicide resistance in the U.S. today.* ALS-inhibitor resistant biotypes. There are (and other labeled formulations). some pockets in Pennsylvania that have True False Group 2 resistant marestail as well. The use • Sulfentrazone products – Authority of residual herbicides to control escapes has products, Sonic, BroadAxe XC. ANSWERS: become more common in some areas, partic- • Fomesafen products – Prefix, 1. True. Wisconsin and Northern Illinois BASF technical service representative, ularly in Ohio and Indiana where 6 to 8 Reflex, Warrant Ultra – Syngenta does Vince Davis, says herbicide-resistant weeds cost U.S. farmers $2 billion a year. weeks of residual control may be necessary have a Section 2(ee) label for Prefix And considering how fast resistance is spreading through the soybean-producing to manage spring emerging horseweed. tank-mixed with 1 fl. oz. Sharpen as a region of the United States, that figure is likely still climbing. Here in the Mid-Atlantic, the need for preplant application in soybean. We are 2. (E) All of the above. Implementing a diverse set of weed-management tactics is residual herbicides for marestail control is not sure what Syngenta’s definition of the single most important lesson to learn in managing resistance. Only by less clear as most of our marestail emerges in preplant is, but this product is being implementing diverse weed-management practices will herbicides continue the fall and early spring prior to burndown promoted locally for application 2 to 3 to be a valuable agricultural resource. herbicide applications. However, be on the days before soybean emergence. 3. (B) For in-season weed control, the most critical time to control weeds is 4 weeks lookout as you scout fields this spring and • Other residual non-Group 14 broadleaf after soybean emergence. It’s best to apply herbicides to weeds that are still young early summer. Residual soybean herbicides herbicides such as metribuzin, Canopy, because they will absorb chemicals more readily than their mature relatives. can help manage not only late emerging FirstRate, etc. can be tank-mixed with 4. (C) One marestail plant can produce up to 200,000 seeds, which are readily marestail, but also all those other summer saflufenacil and applied PRE. dispersed by wind. annual broadleaves that are problematic. 5. True. Although a number of factors determine the frequency of resistance in weed populations, reported incidents strongly suggest that the single most important factor leading to herbicide resistance is overreliance on a single herbicide (or group STAY CONNECTED of herbicides with the same site of action) without using other weed-management options. For the latest news, events, research updates and more: 6. (A) For weeds like Palmer amaranth and waterhemp, apply the full rate of postemer- gence herbicides before weeds grow 3 inches tall. Be sure to rotate modes of action. 7. (D) All of the above. Observing any of these situations could indicate the presence us at www.pasoybean.org Visit of herbicide-resistant weeds, but the only way to know for sure is to have the weed(s) tested for resistance. Like the Pennsylvania Soybean Board on Facebook 8. (C) For all weeds, scout fields within 7-14 days after the initial postemergence herbicide application to determine its effectiveness. Remove any surviving weeds from the field before they reach the reproductive growth stage. Follow us on Twitter @PaSoybean 9. True. Choosing competitive crop varieties can help suppress weed emergence and seed production. Subscribe to the Pennsylvania Soybean Board 10. False. There are 143 weeds with herbicide resistance in the U.S. today; 13 of those weeds are resistant to glyphosate. YouTube channel *Source: Take Action on Weeds www.takeaction.org

Soybean Yield Contest Winners Attend Commodity Classic SAN ANTONIO, Texas — The winners of the Pennsylvania Soybean Yield Contest were among nearly 9,000 attendees who traveled to San Antonio for the 2017 Commodity Classic, America’s largest farmer-led, farmer-focused convention and trade show. The Classic, held March 1-4, is the joint convention and trade show for the soybean, corn, wheat and sorghum industry. Attendees enjoyed educational sessions with leading agronomy and marketing experts, a trade show with the latest technology and equipment and the chance to meet and talk with fellow farmers from throughout the country. A trip to the Commodity Classic is the prize for state and regional winners of the Pennsylvania Soybean Yield Contest, sponsored by the Pennsylvania Soybean Board to benchmark growers’ best crop management practices. Information on the 2017 contest, and results of the 2016 contest, are available at www.pasoybean.org. Pennsylvania Soybean Yield Contest winners Rick Telesz and Tim Stewart, United Soybean Board Chair John Motter, United Soybean Board CEO John Becherer, Pennsylvania Soybean Board Chair Bill Beam, Yield Contest winners Glenn Krall and Matt Ahern. (Yield contest winner Leslie Bowman, not pictured.) Photo by Holly Slegowski, PSB