DOCSLIB.ORG

Traditional Agricultural Practices and Natural Resource Management: the Case of Gumuz Community in Mandura District

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Traditional Agricultural Practices and Natural Resource Management: the Case of Gumuz Community in Mandura District Bogale Aligaiz Agalu, AJBAS, 2021 4:24 Research Article AJBAS (2021) 4:24 American Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences (ISSN:2637-6857) Traditional Agricultural Practices And Natural Resource Management: The Case Of Gumuz Community In Mandura District Bogale Aligaiz Agalu Department of History, Injibara ABSTRACT The Gumuz is one of the groups of the people, who are living *Correspondence to Author: in Mandura district of the Metekkel administrative Zone, Benis- Bogale Aligaiz Agalu hangul-Gumuz Regional state. This study aimed to assess and Department of History, Injibara outline the traditional agricultural practices and natural resource management of the Gumuz community in Mandura district of the Metekel zone, Northwestern Ethiopia, in state of Benishan- How to cite this article: gul-Gumuz region. Gumuz communities of the study area have Bogale Aligaiz Agalu. Traditional their own agricultural practices and traditional resource manage- Agricultural Practices And Natural ment that distinct them from others. It attempted to high-light on Resource Management: The Case the land tenure system, periodical agricultural activates and ap- Of Gumuz Community In Mandura proaches of the natural resource management of the community. District. American Journal of Basic The paper aims to contribute to the understanding of the tradi- and Applied Sciences, 2021, 4:24. tional agricultural practices and natural resource management of the Gumuz society. Keywords: Gumuz, Agricultural practices, Shifting Cultivation, Natural resource management eSciPub LLC, Houston, TX USA. Website: https://escipub.com/ AJBAS: http://escipub.com/american-journal-of-basic-and-applied-sciences/ 1 Bogale Aligaiz Agalu, AJBAS, 2021 4:24 1. The Gumuz People of the Mandura (Kalkidan, 2007:35). They are the speakers of District koman language under the Nilo-Saharan super family. Their language is one of the least known The study is conducted in Mandura district of Ethiopian languages (Anne, 2012:5). Metekel zone in Benshangul-Gumuz regional state. It is bordering Amahara region in the East, In the Mandura district, Gumuz people were Bulen and Dagur Woreda in the West. The based almost exclusively on agriculture. The central town of the woreda is Gilgel Beles most important economic activity was shifting (Kalkidan, 2007:35) Mandura is situated cultivation. Shifting cultivation is an economic between 100.50’.743 N latitude and system that described as a form of agriculture in 110.10’.766’’ N and 360.02’.48’’E and which farm plots are shifted regularly to allow soil 360.32’.42’’E longitude, at about 546 kilometers fertility to recover. It also called slash and burn away from Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia. agriculture, involved successive activities that The total area of the district is about 1,005 include cutting/cleaning, burning, planting, square kilometer (100,500 ha) (Tegene, weeding and harvesting. The activity also 2014:39). involved fallowing the plot for a number of years to regenerate through re-growth and vegetation. Rainfall and temperature are computed based Agricultural activities in Gumuz were occupation on data obtained from the agricultural office of of both men and women through labor exchange the Mandura district. The mean annual rainfall (Bogale, 2020:10). received amounts to 1,941.61 mm with a little more than 53 % of the total annual rainfall 2. Methodology concentrated between June and August. More The data in this study would be collected from than 98.4 % of the total annual rainfall occurs in both primary and secondary sources. Primary seven months (from April to October). The main sources are collected from the Gumuz elder’s agricultural activities are carried out during these engaging in agricultural activity through months (Agriculture office of Mandura District, interview. Here, focus group discussion was also 2012). vitally available with the Gumuz, who are The average annual temperature of the area is practices agriculture traditionally in the district. 24.50c. The corresponding amounts of Periodicals, document analysis, Thesis maximum and minimum temperatures are 27.4 dissertations, internet sources and other reports 0c and 16.83 0c respectively. In general, the are collected as secondary sources. The data study district is classified under the wet tropical collected in both primary and secondary sources (wet Kolla) agro-climatic region. Altitudes range would be carefully examined, cross-checked, between 1,015 and 1,480 meter above mean interpreted and analyzed, to give meaningful sea level (Ibid). justifications for this study. The total population size and composition of the 3. Results and Discussion Mandura district was of 4 0,746. Of these 21, 3.1. Land Tenure 241(52.1 %) were males and the remaining Land tenure system of Gumuz has been a 19,505(47.9 %) were females according 2007 subject of controversy among scholars. population census of Ethiopia (The Population According to the accounts of Dessalegn, land and Housing Census of Ethiopia, 2007:7). Three owned by the clan and members have the right ethnic groups: Gumuz, Agaw, and Amahara to use the land either for cultivation or for inhabited the Woreda. The Woreda has sixteen settlement. A land under cultivation which kebeles and one hundred eleven villages. Of all, temporarily left fallow was agricultural land. Gumuz people are the indigenous and originally Additionally, the clan usually owned forest or occupied a vast territory of the Mandura district woodland that provided supplementary AJBAS: http://escipub.com/american-journal-of-basic-and-applied-sciences/ 2 Bogale Aligaiz Agalu, AJBAS, 2021 4:24 resources to the collectively. As a result, the Libet). Since 1960s, the communal land tenure propriety of a clan was at least three or four system of Gumuz was changed because of the times greater than what its members actually encroachment of the highlanders bordering cultivating at any given moment (Dessalegn, them into Gumuz land. This was paving the way 1988:25). Wolde Sellassie also supported this for the interaction between the Gumuz and the communal land ownership. In their customary others and resulted in a relative shortage of farm communal tenure, the rights to use natural land. Consequently, the shortage of farmland resources including overall use and forced the Gumuz individuals began to control management of natural resources was decided their plots of land at the expense of the power of by community(clan) members rather than elders or village that previously had a say on individuals. Since the community (ideally the matters of land ownership and distribution. A clan in its defined territory) is the true owner of Gumuz people were refused to transfer their plot natural resources, individual members are of lands rather they preferred to rent to the accorded only usufruct rights (Wolde Sellassie, highlanders without knowledge of traditional 2002:101). All land in the whole Gumuz leaders (Jira, 2008:59). This was why Berihun community was used by clans, even if idle at the asserted that land is owned by individuals. Clans moment. Land among them in any situation was or sub clans as a unit have no visible impact on not sold either inside or outside clan. In the matters of land ownership and distribution meantime, land was not inherited because it (Informants: Kidane Bedeme, Yeshi Libet). cultivated freely by the members of clan. On the contrary, areas located in frontier parts of Individual members of clan had unrestricted the region did not see this emerging change. access over control of natural resources and the Such areas were less encroached and less cultivation of land (Informants: Senbet Seraw, influenced by state expansion that continued the Dimini Manjji). traditional system to use land. So the land was On the other hand, Jira discussed that the owned by all members collectively. Individuals controlled access system of combing individual had the rights to clear forest land and cultivate possession with communal ownership was land their land for long period of time under domain of holding system. Communal ownerships are the lineage until they would leave it. Such type grouped into society ownership and lineage of land holding system was practiced among the group ownership. The whole cultivable virgin Gumuz of Mandura (Informants: Senbet Seraw, lands, forested areas, grazing land and river Dimini Manjji Wudem Embaw). However, after banks exercised without any hindrance by 1960s the land tenure system among the Gumuz members of the society. The second one, shifted from communal control of land to private lineage group or the sub-clan was the level that control. This was deteriorated the power of the members of clan exercised a full rights and traditional leadership and customary law (Jira, duties through way of decision. He asserted that 2008:59). all lands under cultivation and all plots 3.2. Gumuz’s Agricultural Activity, Tools temporarily left fallow are controlled by the and Crops lineage that cleared the land for the first time. The economy of the Gumuz population was Individuals have possessory right over the land based almost exclusively on agriculture. that they cleared and their plots pass to their Agricultural activity depended on the Shifting descendants so long as they lived within the cultivation. Shifting cultivation is a form of domain of the lineage group (Jira, 2008:58). The production adapted to and determined by a Gumuz individual has the right to farm all land seasonally-arid savanna environment and that belongs to the domestic group (Sisay, dependent on rudimentary agro-technology like 1988:14; Informants: Kidane Bedeme, Yeshi in general and Mandura in AJBAS: http://escipub.com/american-journal-of-basic-and-applied-sciences/ 3 Bogale Aligaiz Agalu, AJBAS, 2021 4:24 particular(Dessalegn,1988:29). It is economic incompetent laborer became a topic of system that described as a form of agriculture in communal jokes and also attracted the least which farm plots are shifted regularly to allow soil labor (Jira, 2008:60; Informants: Yeshi Libet, fertility to recover.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Shelter/NFI Cluster Coordination Meeting (Federal)
    Shelter/NFI Cluster Coordination Meeting (Federal) Date of Meeting April 09, 2021 Time 10:00 AM Minutes prepared by: Cluster Location Webinar chaired by Shelter Cluster Attendees IRC, SWAN, Samaritan's Purse, FIDO, DPO, People in Need (PIN), SCI, IOM, ANE, Dorcas Aid International, ASDEPO, NRC, IOM/RRF, SCA/HEKS-EPER, UNHCR, LWF, MCMDO, WVI, CRS, AIDRO, ZOA, FIDO, NDRMC, ADPC, Islamic Relief, ACAPS, USAID/BHA, CARE Agenda 1. Review of action points of previous meeting 2. Overall response and Pipeline update 3. The current humanitarian situation in country and expectation from ESNFI 4. ESNFI Situation Update and Response in Tigray 5. Emergency Response Mechanisms, how it works 6. HLP assessment in West Tigray Zone AOB 1st round of EHF Agenda and notes. Decisions, issues 1. Review of Action Action Point Further Action Point • Partners should communicate their planned activities to On-going the sub-national Cluster and the regional ECC before addressing the beneficiaries • Partners should report age/sex disaggregated data for On-going completed activities from the actual distribution list, not a calculation of beneficiaries using the average household size. On-going • Partners are encouraged to share sector-specific funding of the year 2021 to the FTS website. The cluster will share the FTS template with link On-going • Coordination with the sub-national Cluster highly encouraged for any response 2. Information Please refer to the Shelter Cluster Presentation for more detail Management Updates(Overall • Response - Overall: In the first quarter of 2021, the cluster through its partners reached response and 357,424 beneficiaries with ESNFI kits, NFI kits, cash for rent and construction of communal Pipeline update) and emergency shelters by considering females, children, and people with different vulnerability.
    [Show full text]
  • From Dust to Dollar Gold Mining and Trade in the Sudan–Ethiopia Borderland
    From Dust to Dollar Gold mining and trade in the Sudan–Ethiopia borderland [Copy and paste completed cover here} Enrico Ille, Mohamed[Copy[Copy and and paste paste Salah completed completed andcover cover here} here} Tsegaye Birhanu image here, drop from 20p5 max height of box 42p0 From Dust to Dollar Gold mining and trade in the Sudan–Ethiopia borderland Enrico Ille, Mohamed Salah and Tsegaye Birhanu Cover image: Gold washers close to Qeissan, Sudan, 25 November 2019 © Mohamed Salah This report is a product of the X-Border Local Research Network, a component of the FCDO’s Cross-Border Conflict Evidence, Policy and Trends (XCEPT) programme, funded by UK aid from the UK government. XCEPT brings together leading experts to examine conflict-affected borderlands, how conflicts connect across borders, and the factors that shape violent and peaceful behaviour. The X-Border Local Research Network carries out research to better understand the causes and impacts of conflict in border areas and their international dimensions. It supports more effective policymaking and development programming and builds the skills of local partners. The views expressed do not necessarily reflect the UK government’s official policies. The Rift Valley Institute works in Eastern and Central Africa to bring local knowledge to bear on social, political and economic development. Copyright © Rift Valley Institute 2021. This work is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) RIFT VALLEY INSTITUTE REPORT 2 Contents Executive summary 5 1. Introduction 7 Methodology 9 2. The Blue Nile–Benishangul-Gumuz borderland 12 The two borderland states 12 The international border 14 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Critical Reviews SOCIAL CONDITIONS of SHINASHA TRIALS in NORTHWESTERN ETHIOPIA
    Journal of Critical Reviews ISSN- 2394-5125 Vol 7, Issue 9, 2020 SOCIAL CONDITIONS OF SHINASHA TRIALS IN NORTHWESTERN ETHIOPIA 1Abebe Ano Alula, 2Arjun Rao Kuthadi (Ph.D.) 1Ph.D. candidate in Department of History, College of Social Sciences and Art Osmania University, Hyderabad, India 2Professor of History ,Supervisor, Department of History, College of Social Sciences and Art Osmania University, Hyderabad, India Received: 24.03.2020 Revised: 14.04.2020 Accepted: 22.05.2020 Abstract This article is primarily concerned to explore the social conditions of the Shinasha community in northwestern Ethiopia. Shinasha is some of the Indigenous groups with Ca. 60,587 population in Ethiopia, Africa continent, who are living Benishangul-Gumuz Regional State, near the Sudanese borderland. They have different social practices that distinguish them from others. They were part of the historical Gonga people who once lived on edges of the River Abay. Where were the early places of settlement of the Shinasha? What were the Social conditions, social changes and continuity in the Shinasha community? I address these questions by historically juxtaposing with social conditions and its dynamics with my interviews with the key informants and observations of changes in conditions of the Shinasha. This study highlights the geographic and background of the study area. The study tries to focus on the early settlement of the Shinasha and their conquest under imperial rule. It attempted to analyze the social organization of the Shinasha society. The significance of the paper is contributed to the understanding of the Social conditions and social changes and continuity of the Shinasha community in the historical outline.
    [Show full text]
  • D.Table 9.5-1 Number of PCO Planned 1
    D.Table 9.5-1 Number of PCO Planned 1. Tigrey No. Woredas Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Expected Connecting Point 1 Adwa 13 Per Filed Survey by ETC 2(*) Hawzen 12 3(*) Wukro 7 Per Feasibility Study 4(*) Samre 13 Per Filed Survey by ETC 5 Alamata 10 Total 55 1 Tahtay Adiyabo 8 2 Medebay Zana 10 3 Laelay Mayechew 10 4 Kola Temben 11 5 Abergele 7 Per Filed Survey by ETC 6 Ganta Afeshum 15 7 Atsbi Wenberta 9 8 Enderta 14 9(*) Hintalo Wajirat 16 10 Ofla 15 Total 115 1 Kafta Humer 5 2 Laelay Adiyabo 8 3 Tahtay Koraro 8 4 Asegede Tsimbela 10 5 Tselemti 7 6(**) Welkait 7 7(**) Tsegede 6 8 Mereb Lehe 10 9(*) Enticho 21 10(**) Werie Lehe 16 Per Filed Survey by ETC 11 Tahtay Maychew 8 12(*)(**) Naeder Adet 9 13 Degua temben 9 14 Gulomahda 11 15 Erob 10 16 Saesi Tsaedaemba 14 17 Alage 13 18 Endmehoni 9 19(**) Rayaazebo 12 20 Ahferom 15 Total 208 1/14 Tigrey D.Table 9.5-1 Number of PCO Planned 2. Affar No. Woredas Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Expected Connecting Point 1 Ayisaita 3 2 Dubti 5 Per Filed Survey by ETC 3 Chifra 2 Total 10 1(*) Mile 1 2(*) Elidar 1 3 Koneba 4 4 Berahle 4 Per Filed Survey by ETC 5 Amibara 5 6 Gewane 1 7 Ewa 1 8 Dewele 1 Total 18 1 Ere Bti 1 2 Abala 2 3 Megale 1 4 Dalul 4 5 Afdera 1 6 Awash Fentale 3 7 Dulecha 1 8 Bure Mudaytu 1 Per Filed Survey by ETC 9 Arboba Special Woreda 1 10 Aura 1 11 Teru 1 12 Yalo 1 13 Gulina 1 14 Telalak 1 15 Simurobi 1 Total 21 2/14 Affar D.Table 9.5-1 Number of PCO Planned 3.
    [Show full text]
  • ETHIOPIA: Benishangul Gumuz Region Flash Update 6 January 2021
    ETHIOPIA: Benishangul Gumuz Region Flash Update 6 January 2021 HIGHLIGHTS • Between end of July 2020 and 04 January 2021, more than 101,000 people were displaced by violence from A M H A R A Bullen, Dangur, Dibate, Guba, Mandura and Wombera Guba woredas of Metekel zone in Dangura Benishangul Gumuz Region 647 Pawe (BGR). 5,728 • Due to the deteriorating security situation in the zone, 12,808 Sedal Madira humanitarian access and life- Metekel saving assistance to the 28,000 returnees and 101,000 SUDAN B E N I SHA N G U L Sherkole G U M U Z new IDPs is challenging. Kurmuk • The regional Government has Wenbera Debati 23,121 been providing limited life- Menge 7,885 51,003 saving assistance since July Homosha Bulen 2020 using armed escorts. Undulu • Clusters at sub-national level Asosa Bilidigilu have been mapping resources Assosa Zayi but so far insecurity has not Kemeshi allowed transporting staff and Dembi O R O M I A commodities to affected Bambasi O R O M I A areas. Maokomo Kamashi • Special The federal Government is in C Mizyiga the process of establishing an Affected zone Emergency Coordination N A ## No. of IDPs per woreda Nekemte Center (ECC) in Metekel zone D UBLI to coordinate the P IDPs movement humanitarian response to the SU RE Humanitarian Western Hub IDPs. SOUTH OF SITUATION OVERVIEW Security in Metekel Zone of Benishangul Gumuz Region (BGR) has been gradually deteriorating since 2019, and more intensely so in recent months. On 23 December 2020, 207 individuals lost their lives in one day reportedly following an attack by unidentified armed groups (UAGs).
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter Iii Socio-Economic Characteristics of the Population in Agricultural Households
    CHAPTER III SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION IN AGRICULTURAL HOUSEHOLDS 1 INTRODUCTION Population as a producer and consumer is closely related with agriculture. On the one hand, population affects production in general and agricultural outputs in particular by furnishing the required labour. On the other hand, the size of a population and its anticipated growth is the main factor determining food consumption requirements. Regarding the balance between population and consumption, if more people are to be fed than the food or services produced, saving and capital investments will be negatively affected. Moreover, population growth also negatively influences agriculture by putting pressure on the environment, such as water, fertility of land, . etc. Population size further influence productivity mainly through the diversification and specialization of the economy, the size of the market, and the importance of foreign trade. Not only the size, but also the socio-economic characteristics of the population of the agricultural households are important to the agricultural production. Study of the nature of the agricultural sector of a country will not be complete without proper understanding of the socio-economic characteristics of the population engaged in it. The population statistics of the agricultural households can be used to describe the characteristics and distribution of the population in space, its density and degree of concentration, the fluctuation in its rate of growth and the movement from one area to another. Data on population and agriculture will also help in finding out what percentage of resources will be needed at a particular time for the meeting of basic needs of the people and what amount of socially useful and productive labour is available in the country, regardless of whether labour or capital intensive techniques will suit the nation's economy.
    [Show full text]
  • Benishangul-Gumuz Region
    Situation Analysis of Children and Women: Benishangul-Gumuz Region Situation Analysis of Children and Women: Benishangul-Gumuz Region ABSTRACT The Situation Analysis covers selected dimensions of child well-being in Benishangul-Gumuz Regional State. It builds on the national Situation Analysis of Children and Women in Ethiopia (2019) and on other existing research, with inputs from specialists in Government, UNICEF Ethiopia and other partners. It has an estimated population of approximately 1.1 million people, which constitutes 1.1% of the total Ethiopian population. The population is young: 13 per cent is under-five years of age and 44 per cent is under 18 years of age. Since 1999/00, Benishangul-Gumuz has experienced an impressive 28 percentage point decline in monetary poverty, but 27 per cent of the population are still poor; the second highest in the country after Tigray and higher than the national average of 24 per cent. SITUATION ANALYSIS OF CHILDREN AND WOMEN: BENISHANGUL-GUMUZ REGION 4 Food poverty continued a steep decline from 55 per cent in 1999/00 to 24 per cent in 2015/16; close to the national average of 25 per cent. In Benishangul-Gumuz, in 2014, only 1.1 per cent of rural households were in the PSNP compared to 11 per cent of households at the national level In 2011, the under-five mortality rate in Benishangul-Gumuz was the highest in Ethiopia (169 per 1,000 live births); this declined significantly, but is still very high: 96 deaths per 1,000 births, which is the second highest in the country after Afar.
    [Show full text]
  • INDIGENOUS HERBAL MEDICINAL KNOWLEDGE AMONG the SHINASHA Abraham Genet1
    GSJ: Volume 6, Issue 9, September 2018 ISSN 2320-9186 63 GSJ: Volume 6, Issue 9, September 2018, Online: ISSN 2320-9186 www.globalscientificjournal.com INDIGENOUS HERBAL MEDICINAL KNOWLEDGE AMONG THE SHINASHA Abraham Genet1 Abstract This study explores herbal medicinal knowledge of the people of the Shinasha, in north western part of Ethiopia. It is aimed at elaborating a general systemic overview of the medical tradition of the Shinasha. Resting on qualitative research approach, the study utilized primary and secondary data collection methods. Informal conversation with the residents, in- depth interviewing of herbalists, focus group discussion with herbalists and ordinary members of the community and systematic observation were the methods where firsthand field data were gathered. Secondary data were collected through critical review of related literature from books and electronic sources and from statistical documents. Primary and secondary data were organized and analyzed thematically, triangulating the data collected through the different techniques to increase the validity and reliability of the findings. The study found that for the Shinasha, herbal medicine is the ultimate medical knowledge and practice, where it is considered as the very gift of God for them. The study reveals that herbal medicinal knowledge is preserved and transferred from the senior/experienced herbalist to the junior/ prospected one orally. In the study area, official herbal medical practice is generally a male profession. The selection of the person who heirs medical knowledge is based on critical evaluation of the personality of an individual, which is usually from father to a favorite son. Medical knowledge acquisition is through longer period of apprenticeship and practice; and, it is finally officially transferred to the prospected person accompanied by a blessing ritual ceremony.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigating Indigenous Knowledge of Ethnic Groups in Biodiversity Conservation and Its Implementation in the State of Benishangul Gumuz Region
    Vol. 8(5), pp. 123-133, August 2020 DOI: 10.14662/IJELC2020.080 International Journal of Copy© right 2020 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article English Literature and ISSN: 2360-7831 Culture http://www.academicresearchjournals.org/IJELC/Index.htm Full Length Research Investigating Indigenous Knowledge of Ethnic Groups in Biodiversity Conservation and its Implementation in the State of Benishangul Gumuz Region 1Atnafu Morka, 2Shewa Basizew and 3Abebe Ano 1(Assistant Professor of Geography and Environmental Study). Assosa University,P.O. Box 18. Email: [email protected] . Tel: +251920660019 2(Assistant Professor of English Language) , Assosa University, P.O. Box 18. Corresponding author’s Email: [email protected] , Tele: +25157750692 3(Assistant Professor of History), Assosa University, PO.Box 18. Email: [email protected] , Tele: +251913006652 Accepted 24 July 2020 Traditional environmental knowledge and practices often make indigenous people and local communities highly skilled in environmental protection. Local and indigenous languages are repositories and means of transmission of this knowledge and the related social behaviors, practices, and innovations. Accordingly, this study was targeted on assessing indigenous knowledge of Ethnic groups in biodiversity conservation in the State of Benishangul Gumuz region, Ethiopia. In this study, mixed research method was employed with quantitative and quantitative data were collected and analyzed. The required information were collected in seven woredas from the targeted population-
    [Show full text]
  • Postponed Local Concerns?
    Postponed Local Concerns? Implications of Land Acquisitions for Indigenous Local Communities in Benishangul­Gumuz Regional State, Ethiopia. Tsegaye Moreda LDPI Working Paper Postponed Local Concerns? Implications of Land Acquisitions for Indigenous Local Communities in Benishangul‐Gumuz Regional State, Ethiopia. by Tsegaye Moreda Published by: The Land Deal Politics Initiative www.iss.nl/ldpi [email protected] in collaboration with: Institute for Development Studies (IDS) University of Sussex Library Road Brighton, BN1 9RE United Kingdom Tel: +44 1273 606261 Fax: +44 1273 621202 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.ids.ac.uk Initiatives in Critical Agrarian Studies (ICAS) International Institute of Social Studies (ISS) P.O. Box 29776 2502 LT The Hague The Netherlands Tel: +31 70 426 0664 Fax: +31 70 426 0799 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.iss.nl/icas The Institute for Poverty, Land and Agrarian Studies (PLAAS) School of Government, Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17 Bellville 7535, Cape Town South Africa Tel: +27 21 959 3733 Fax: +27 21 959 3732 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.plaas.org.za The Polson Institute for Global Development Department of Development Sociology Cornell University 133 Warren Hall Ithaca NY 14853 United States of America Tel: +1 607 255-3163 Fax: +1 607 254-2896 E-mail: [email protected] Website: polson.cals.cornell.edu © February 2013 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior permission from the publisher and the author.
    [Show full text]
  • ETHIOPIA, FOURTH QUARTER 2020: Update on Incidents According to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) Compiled by ACCORD, 18 March 2021
    ETHIOPIA, FOURTH QUARTER 2020: Update on incidents according to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) compiled by ACCORD, 18 March 2021 Number of reported incidents with at least one fatality Number of reported fatalities National borders: GADM, 6 May 2018b; administrative divisions: GADM, 6 May 2018a; incid- ent data: ACLED, 12 March 2021; coastlines and inland waters: Smith and Wessel, 1 May 2015 ETHIOPIA, FOURTH QUARTER 2020: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) COMPILED BY ACCORD, 18 MARCH 2021 Contents Conflict incidents by category Number of Number of reported fatalities 1 Number of Number of Category incidents with at incidents fatalities Number of reported incidents with at least one fatality 1 least one fatality Violence against civilians 75 58 1459 Conflict incidents by category 2 Battles 63 36 1450 Development of conflict incidents from December 2018 to December 2020 2 Explosions / Remote 17 9 80 violence Methodology 3 Strategic developments 7 0 0 Conflict incidents per province 4 Protests 5 1 1 Total 167 104 2990 Localization of conflict incidents 4 This table is based on data from ACLED (datasets used: ACLED, 12 March 2021). Disclaimer 5 Development of conflict incidents from December 2018 to December 2020 This graph is based on data from ACLED (datasets used: ACLED, 12 March 2021). 2 ETHIOPIA, FOURTH QUARTER 2020: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) COMPILED BY ACCORD, 18 MARCH 2021 Methodology GADM. Incidents that could not be located are ignored. The numbers included in this overview might therefore differ from the original ACLED data.
    [Show full text]
  • The Interaction Between Indigenous and Biomedical Healing Systems Among the Shinasha
    GSJ: VOLUME 6, ISSUE 7, July 2018 846 GSJ: Volume 6, Issue 7, July 2018, Online: ISSN 2320-9186 www.globalscientificjournal.com THE INTERACTION BETWEEN INDIGENOUS AND BIOMEDICAL HEALING SYSTEMS AMONG THE SHINASHA Abraham Genet Lecturer Bahir Dar University Department of Social Anthropology Ethiopia Mob. 0910625217 Email: [email protected] Abstract This study aims at exploring the interaction between the indigenous and biomedical healing systems as well as the professionals working in both healing systems. Drawing on qualitative research approach, the study employed primary and secondary data collection methods. Primary data were gathered through informal conversation, in- depth interviewing of indigenous herbalists and, health extension workers and health officer, focus group discussion with selected community members and herbalists, and systematic observation. Secondary data were collected through critical review of related literature and documents. Both primary and secondary data were organized thematically and were analyzed through systematic interpretation and cross- checking of the different data sources through the use of triangulation to increase the validity and reliability of the findings. The study found that the Shinasha consider their knowledge of herbal medicine to be the gift of God for them. In the study area, herbal medicinal practitioners are males. The medical ethics of the Shinasha is based on non- commercial (at least in principle) use of medicines which is one point of departure with biomedicine, where treatment is usually exchanged for money. So, herbal medicinal knowledge and healing is considered as a moral profession to help and serve people. The study findings also indicated that the Shinasha practice healthcare and healing for illnesses of natural, supernatural, and personal etiology through popular healthcare practices, the indigenous healing system, and the biomedical healing system.
    [Show full text]