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Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment For: Assosa

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Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment For: Assosa E698 Volume 3 Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) Public Disclosure Authorized Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment for: Public Disclosure Authorized Assosa - Guba Road Project (NDF Credit No. 207-TD1) Final Environmental Impact Assessment Public Disclosure Authorized SCANNED FILE COPY J::KM Date -N 1. 0 I R L ! _ Action cc~ Accsion No. tox No. Cabinet/Drawer/Folder/Subfolder: November 2001 6oOOC-o 0 Carl Bro a/s 2 Transport Department Public Disclosure Authorized _ in association with DANA Consult Plc o0 Engineering Consultants Assosa - Guba Road Project Phase 1: Feasibility and EIA Study Distribution DISTRIBUTION LIST Sent to: Recommended to receive a Number of review copy Copies _Ethiopian Roads Authoaty * ERA Environmental P.O. Box 1770 Management Branch pAddisAbaba The Regional Environmental Ethiopia Coordinating Committee of Tel: (251-1) 15 66 03 Benishangul-Gumuz Bureau Fax: (251-1) 51 48 66 of Planning and Economic 5 _Telex 21180 Development Att.: Ato Tesfamichael Nahusenay * Ethiopia Environmental _ Protection Agency * Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage Intemational Development Association 1818H Street 2 Washington DC. 20433 U.S.A. Fax: (202) 473-8326 Carl Bro a/s Granskoven 8 2600 Glostrup 1 Denmark Tel: and45 43 96 80 11 Fax: and45 43 96 85 80 Att.: Jan Lorange Assosa - Guba Road Project Phase 1: Feasibility and EIA Study Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary 6 1. INTRODUCTION 19 1.1 Background 19 1.2 Objectives of the Environmental Study 19 1.3 EIA Approach and Methodology 20 1.4 Project Route References 21 2. INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK 23 2.1 Environmental Protection and Management at National Level 23 2.2 Environmental Impact Assessment 23 2.3 Classification of the Assosa-Guba Road Project 24 2.4 Environmental Management in the Roads Sector 25 2.5 Regional Policies on Environment 25 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED ROAD PROJECT 27 3.1 General 27 3.1.1 Construction Options 27 3.1.2 Blue Nile Crossing 27 3.2 Construction Features 28 3.3 Expected Type of Works 28 3.3.1 Assosa - Komosha Junction 28 3.3.2 Komosha Junction - Menge 29 3.3.3 Menge - Sherkole 29 3.3.4 Sherkole - Blue Nile 29 3.3.5 Blue Nile River Crossing 30 3.3.6 Blue Nile - Guba 30 3.4 Expected Duration of Project 30 3.5 Anticipated Work Methods 30 3.5.1 General 30 3.5.2 Anticipated approach 31 3.6 Description of Anticipated Activities 31 3.6.1 Contractors Facilities and Camps 31 3.6.2 Workforce Composition 31 3.6.3 Right of Way - Clearing of Corridor 32 3.6.4 Earth Works 32 4. EXISTING CONDITIONS 35 4.1 Location of the Project Road 35 4.1.1 Zone of Influence - Study Area 35 4.1.2 Administrative Structure 36 4.1.3 Services 38 4.2 Environmental Conditions 40 4.2.1 Topography, Climate and Rainfall 40 4.2.2 Geology and Soils 40 4.2.3 Mineral Resources 41 4.2.4 Hydrology and Drainage 42 Assosa - Guba Road Project Phase 1: Feasibility and EIA Study Table of Contents 4.2.5 Water Sources 43 4.2.6 Vegetation/Flora 44 4.2.7 Wildlife/Fauna 47 4.2.8 Forests 47 4.3 Socio-Economic Profile 48 4.3.1 Demographic Structure 49 4.3.2 Population Density 49 4.3.3 Distribution of Population by Age 50 4.3.4 Demographic Indicators and Population Projections 51 4.3.5 Migration and Settlement Trends 54 4.3.6 Ethnicity, Language and Religion 57 4.3.7 Employment 59 4.3.8 Household Income and Expenditure 61 4.3.9 Health 63 4.3.10 Education Profile 65 4.3.11 Perceived Impacts of the Project Road 67 4.3.12 Community Participation in Road Projects 68 4.3.13 Gender and Transportation 68 4.4 Consistency with Planned Development of the Region 69 5. ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS 72 5.1 Environmental Impacts During Construction 73 5.1.1 Impacts to Soil and Soil Erosion 73 5.1.2 Impacts to Ground and Surface Water 74 5.1.3 Noise and Air Pollution 75 5.1.4 Impacts on Fauna and Flora 76 5.1.5 Changes in Land Use (Direct / Induced) 77 5.1.6 Road Safety 77 5.1.7 Visual Impacts 78 5.1.8 Sites of Cultural or Historical Importance 78 5.1.9 Social Impacts 79 5.2 Environmental Impacts during Operation 82 5.2.1 Impacts on Soils and Soil Erosion 82 5.2.2 Impacts to Ground and Surface Water 83 5.2.3 Noise and Air Pollution 84 5.2.4 Impacts on Fauna and Flora 84 5.2.5 Changes in Land Use and Induced Development 85 5.2.6 Road Safety 86 5.2.7 Visual Impacts 86 5.2.8 Sites of Cultural or Historical Importance 86 5.2.9 Social Impacts 86 5.3 Environmental Impacts of the "No Improvement" Scenario 89 6. MITIGATION OF IMPACTS 91 6.1 Impacts on Soils 91 6.1.1 Installation and operation of contractor's site facilities 91 6.1.2 Preservation of topsoil and re-use 91 6.1.3 Reinstating of borrow areas and quarries 92 6.1.4 Reinstating of traffic deviations (detours), temporary access roads, and abandoned road sections 92 6.1.5 Landscaping, grassing, preparation, fertilization, seeds, establishment, maintenance92 6.1.6 Erosion protection 92 6.2 Impacts on Water Resources 93 Assosa - Guba Road Project _ Phase 1: Feasibility and EIA Study Table of Contents 6.2.1 Pollution Control 93 6.2.2 Control of Sedimentation 94 6.3 Impacts on Air Quality and Noise 94 _ 6.4 Impacts on Fauna and Flora 95 6.5 Visual Impacts 96 6.6 Potential Impacts on Sites of Cultural or Historical Significance (includes _ archaeological resources) 96 6.7 Impacts on the Local Communfties and Road Users 96 6.7.1 Public Health 97 6.7.2 Loss of Property 97 6.7.3 Induced Development 97 6.7.4 Economy 98 _ 6.7.5 Safety 98 7. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND MONITORING 100 7.1 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) 100 7.2 Institutional Requirements of the EMP 104 7.3 Monitoring Program 105 7.4 Estimated Cost of Implementing the EMP 106 8. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 108 ANNEXES A Maps A.1 Topographical Map 1:250,000 A.2 Administrative Division A.3 Abay River Basin Location Map A.4 Zone of Influence A.5 Road side Land Use - A.6 Minerals and Exploration Areas A.7 Irrigation Areas and Hydro Power Projects A.8 MP Development Zone B Photographs C EPA EIA Review Process - D Household Survey Questionnaire E Public Consultations F Terms of Reference for the Biological Survey - G Flora List H Fauna List I Persons Consulted _ J Documents Consulted K Terms of Reference for the EIA L ERA Organization Chart M Impact Assessment Matrix Assosa - Guba Road Project _ Phase 1: Feasibility and EIA Study Acronyms ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS BOE Bureau of Education BOH Bureau of Health CSA Central Statistical Authority CSE Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EIS Environmental Impact Statement EMA Ethiopian Mapping Authority EMP Environmental Management Plan EPA Environmental Protection Authority EPE Environmental Policy of Ethiopia ERA Ethiopian Roads Authority EWCO Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Organisation EWNHS Ethiopian Wildlife and Natural History Society RCS Regional Conservation Strategy EMB Environmental Management Branch BENRS Benishangul-Gumuz National Regional State ROW Right of Way Assosa - Guba Road Project ,, ~ Phase 1: Feasibility and EIA Study Executive Summary EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Project Description The road project under consideration is located in the Benishangul-Gumuz National Regional State (BGNRS) in the westem part of the country, about 680 km and 690 km from Addis Ababa for Assosa and Guba, respectively. It represents a potentially important intra-Regional link between Assosa in the south and Guba in the north (Annex A Map 2). The area of influence falls entirely within the Abay River (Blue Nile) basin and includes most part of its major tributary Dabus River Basin. The drainage flows predominantly in a northward direction, while the Abay itself turns westwards into Sudan near Bambudi in the north of the project area. The road project is approximately 219 km long of which some 80 km is presently impassable and the remainder gravel or cleared access. Further, there is an approximately 250 meter unbridged river crossing over the Blue Nile about 50 km south of Guba, as well as a number of other river crossings. Some 80 km of the proposed road alignment is new, or follows only old trading tracks and/or Old Italian military roads. This part of the road will pass through a rolling to hilly area, for which there are few secondary data resources. The current development objective of the road is to access agricultural potential in the Region and to provide intra Regional links in Benishangul-Gumuz. This is consistent with other development plans for the Region, notably the Abay River Basin Master Plan. Potential includes the development of large-scale irrigated agriculture in the Abay River Valley, and perhaps, the Dabus. In addition, the Region is believed to have mineral deposits, primarily gold, marble and base metals. The desire is to open the area to exploration and subsequent resource extraction. The EIA The EIA consisted of scoping according to Ethiopian EPA standards, a biological survey, a socio-economic baseline study, and five public consultations held with affected communities. In order to assess the potential impacts of the road works, propose possible mitigation measures and establish an environmental management plan, the Consultant assumed a work methodology based on the normal approach that most contractors would apply to execute the types of works anticipated for the project road.
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