A New Locality of the Depressed River Mussel Pseudanodonta Complanata (Rossmässler, 1835) (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in the Wisłok River (Carpathian Mountains)

Folia Malacol. 27(1): 71–74

https://doi.org/10.12657/folmal.027.003

SHORT COMMUNICATION

A NEW LOCALITY OF THE DEPRESSED RIVER MUSSEL PSEUDANODONTA COMPLANATA (ROSSMÄSSLER, 1835) (BIVALVIA: UNIONIDAE) IN THE WISŁOK RIVER (CARPATHIAN MOUNTAINS)

Maciej Bonk

Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, al. A. Mickiewicza 33, 31-120 Cracow, Poland (e-mail: [email protected]); https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4093-2542 Abstract: This contribution describes two new sites of the depressed river mussel Pseudanodonta complanata (Rossmässler) in the Carpathian Mts. Empty but well preserved shells were found at two sites in the Wisłok River (Krosno and Odrzykoń). These are the second records of the species from the Polish part of the Carpathians. As only empty shells were found, it is unclear whether the species is a constant component of the river fauna of the Carpathians in Poland. Key words: Pseudanodonta complanata, Unionidae, Carpathians

The depressed river mussel Pseudanodonta compla- lower Odra River (Zając 2004). As in other union- nata (Rossmässler, 1835) is a large unionid. It can ids, the larvae are parasites of fish including -com be confused with some other members of the fami- mon species such as Gymnocephalus cernua (Linnaeus, ly, especially with Anodonta anatina (Linnaeus, 1758). 1758), Perca fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758), Pungitius The rhomboid-shaped shell is distinctly laterally flat- pungitius (Linnaeus, 1758), Gasterosteus aculeatus tened (hence the species’ name). The colouration is (Linnaeus, 1758) and Salmo trutta fario (Linnaeus, usually greenish-brown. The umbo has a spiny relief 1758) (Berrie & Boize 1985, McIvor & Aldridge unlike the similar species of Anodonta occurring in 2007, Piechocki & Wawrzyniak-Wydrowska Poland (Piechocki & Wawrzyniak-Wydrowska 2016 and papers cited therein). The depressed riv- 2016). The depressed river mussel is in general a river mussel is generally widespread across European erine species (Wolff 1968), preferring large rivers countries. Its range includes Germany, the United (Piechocki & Wawrzyniak-Wydrowska 2016), Kingdom, Sweden, Finland, Austria, Switzerland, however it is also known from stagnant waters such France and the Netherlands (Haas 1969, McIvor as postglacial lakes (Stańczykowska et al. 1983), & Aldridge 2007, Lopes-Lima et al. 2017). Despite oxbow lakes (Jakubik & Lewandowski 2013) and its relatively wide range, the species is usually rare dam reservoirs (Jurkiewicz-Karnkowska 1989). (declining in Europe; IUCN 2018) and is listed as In Poland it is regarded as a lowland species, and Vulnerable (VU) in the IUCN Red List (IUCN 2018). only one submontane record from the Carpathians In Poland it is evenly distributed across the low- is known from the Dunajec River near Rożnów lands, however many of the records are considered Reservoir (Zając 2004, Zając K. pers. comm.). historical and the most recent sites are aggregated Other localities include the Wielkopolska region in relatively small areas, suggesting a highly frag- (Koralewska-Batura et al. 2010), Masurian mented (meta)population within the country (Zając Lakeland (Krutynia River; Jakubik & Lewandowski 2004). The depressed river mussel is also considered 2011, Lewandowski & Jakubik 2014), middle and the rarest unionid species in Poland (Piechocki &

Folia Malacologica is funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Republic of Poland, under agreement no 534/P-DUN/2018 of April 4th, 2018 allocated to the activities for disseminating science: Task 1: Preparation of English versions of publications (sum funded by DUN 12,000 PLN) and Task 2: Digitalisation of publications and scientific monographs to enable their open access in the Internet (sum funded by DUN 11,070 PLN). 72 Maciej Bonk

specimens were found, however; in the first site a viable population of the thick-shelled river mussel Unio crassus (Philipsson, 1788) was found, and in Odrzykoń the thick-shelled river mussel and Unio tu- midus (Philipsson, 1788) were present. In both sites, shells of the depressed river mussel were 5+ years old (Fig. 1). The sites represent typical submontane Carpathian rivers (Fig. 2). The river width is 12 m in Krosno and 15 m in Odrzykoń. In both sites the river is ripraped, however parts of the examined sections remain semi-natural or have spontaneously re-natu- Fig. 1. Shell of Pseudanodonta complanata (Rossmässler, ralised. The substratum of the river bed within these 1835) from the Wisłok river in Krosno. Scale bar 10 mm sites consists mostly of stones and gravel, with sand patches and organic matter deposits. Vegetation is Wawrzyniak-Wydrowska 2016). It is listed in the poor and consists mostly of Potamageton species and Polish Red Data Book of Animals as Endangered water mosses. Despite similar control with simi- (EN; Zając 2004) and legally protected. This contri- lar effort of another section of the Wisłok river in bution describes two new sites of the species from Besko and the Sieniawa-Besko Reservoir, no other the Wisłok river (Carpathian Mts). depressed river mussels were found. The mussels were detected incidentally during In Poland, as well as in other parts of its range, crayfish inventories in Carpathian rivers. Fieldwork the depressed river mussel is rare in the mountains was based on visual search at night using torches. or submontane areas. However, it reaches upland On 28.08.2018 and 07.09.2018, two 200 m sections and mountainous regions in Europe (Lopes-Lima of the Wisłok river were searched. The water level et al. 2017), for example in the Carpathian parts of was low at this time (according to www.pogodyn- the Tisa River in Ukraine (Sárkány-Kiss 1999). The ka.pl), with no disrupting water turbidity. Empty sites described in this study are the second depressed shells were collected and taken for identification. river mussel localities from the Polish part of the Empty shells including specimens with both valves Carpathians. It is uncertain whether the population connected with ligament were found at two sites: in the Wisłok river is stable. Notably, records of emp- Krosno: 49°41'14.25"N, 21°47'6.33"E, 267 m a.s.l., ty shells may indicate a population that is already ex- (three specimens) and Odrzykoń: 49°44'20.86"N, tinct, as shells may be preserved in water for decades. 21°43'20.39"E, 249 m a.s.l. (four specimens). No live Moreover, the presence of the species may be a result

Fig. 2. Habitat of Pseudanodonta complanata (Rossmässler, 1835) in the Wisłok river near Krosno Pseudanodonta complanata in the Wisłok River (Carpathian Mountains) 73 of a single, occasional colonisation, as glochidia of the difficult to detect without thorough field surveys; species may be spread by fish. The mussels may have the fieldwork in this study was not aimed at mollusc colonised the Wisłok river naturally and/or by intro- detection and thus the observations remain anecdo- duction of larvae-carrying fish. On the other hand, tal. Further mollusc-oriented investigations of the the depressed river mussel is sensitive to water pol- Wisłok and similar rivers in the Carpathians could lution and low water quality in general (Zając 2004, answer the question whether the depressed river Piechocki & Wawrzyniak-Wydrowska 2016 and mussel is a constant component of the Carpathian papers cited therein) which is a probable reason for fauna. the disappearance of the species from several localities in Poland (Lewandowski & Stańczykowska ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1975, Piechocki 1981, Jurkiewicz-Karnkowska 1989, 1998, 2001, Lewandowski 1991, Zając 2004). I would like to thank to Rafał Bobrek for his Thus, the empty shells recorded in the Wisłok may help in field work and to Katarzyna Zając for veri- be the consequence of mortality associated with pol- fication of species identification. Studies on crayfish lution episodes. In such case, future colonisation of in the Carpathians were supported by the Institute the area is possible. Adult depressed river mussels of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, live almost entirely buried in the sediments with through its statutory fund and a grant for young sci- only siphons visible. This habit makes the species entists and Ph.D. candidates.

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