DOCSLIB.ORG

Developing DNA Applications Within Natural England for Freshwater Mussels, Saline Lagoon Species and Terrestrial Invertebrates in 2017/18

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Developing DNA Applications Within Natural England for Freshwater Mussels, Saline Lagoon Species and Terrestrial Invertebrates in 2017/18 Natural England Commissioned Report NECR286 Developing DNA applications within Natural England for freshwater mussels, saline lagoon species and terrestrial invertebrates in 2017/18 First published 21 May 2020 www.gov.uk/natural-england Foreword Natural England commission a range of reports from external contractors to provide evidence and advice to assist us in delivering our duties. The views in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of Natural England. Background DNA based applications have the potential to significantly change how we monitor biodiversity and which species and taxa we monitor. These techniques may provide cheaper alternatives to existing species monitoring, an ability to detect species that we do not currently monitor effectively and the potential to develop new measures of habitat and ecosystem quality. Natural England has been supporting the development of DNA techniques for a number of years. The use of environmental DNA (eDNA) to determine the presence or absence of great crested newts in ponds is now a standard tool for developers and consultants. There are still significant limitations to the use of this technology in other areas and in 2017/18 Natural England worked with NatureMetrics to prove the concept of using DNA for monitoring terrestrial invertebrates, saline lagoon species and freshwater mussels. This report presents the results from those proof of concept studies, which were promising, and suggests areas where further development could be targeted. This report should be cited as: TANG, C.Q., CRAMPTON-PLATT, A., & SMITH, T. 2020. Developing DNA applications within Natural England for freshwater mussels, saline lagoon species and terrestrial invertebrates in 2017/18. Natural England Commissioned Reports, Number 286 Natural England Project Managers– Gavin Measures, Maija Marsh, Jon Webb and Andy Nisbet Contractor - NatureMetrics Keywords – DNA, eDNA, terrestrial invertebrates, metabarcoding, saline lagoon invertebrates, freshwater mussels, Further information This report can be downloaded from the Natural England Access to Evidence Catalogue: http://publications.naturalengland.org.uk/ . For information on Natural England publications contact the Natural England Enquiry Service on 0300 060 3900 or e-mail [email protected]. This report is published by Natural England under the Open Government Licence - OGLv3.0 for public sector information. You are encouraged to use, and reuse, information subject to certain conditions. For details of the licence visit Copyright. Natural England photographs are only available for non-commercial purposes. If any other information such as maps or data cannot be used commercially this will be made clear within the report. ISBN 978-1-78354-580-3 © Natural England and other parties 2020 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................ 2 Developing eDNA sampling methods to monitor freshwater mussel populations in England ..................................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 3 Methods ................................................................................................................................ 4 Results .................................................................................................................................. 8 Discussion .............................................................................................................................. 12 Annex 1 ............................................................................................................................... 14 Annex 2 ............................................................................................................................... 16 Lagoon invertebrate eDNA .................................................................................................. 17 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 17 Nematostella vectensis eDNA assay ................................................................................. 19 Methods .............................................................................................................................. 19 Results ................................................................................................................................ 22 Discussion .......................................................................................................................... 27 Future developments ............................................................................................................ 30 Nematostella vectensis eDNA assay ............................................................................. 30 Gammarus insensibilis eDNA assay .............................................................................. 31 Metabarcoding of invertebrate samples from vane traps and from riparian pitfall traps .................................................................................................................................................. 32 Scope .................................................................................................................................. 32 Methods .............................................................................................................................. 32 Results ................................................................................................................................ 34 Comparison with morphological data ............................................................................. 41 Discussion .......................................................................................................................... 42 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................... 44 Appendices are available as separate downloads ....................................................... 45 Appendix 1 ......................................................................................................................... 45 Appendix 2. ........................................................................................................................ 45 Appendix 3. ........................................................................................................................ 45 Appendix 4. ........................................................................................................................ 45 Appendix 5. ........................................................................................................................ 45 Appendix 6. ........................................................................................................................ 45 Appendix 7. ........................................................................................................................ 45 Appendix 8 ......................................................................................................................... 45 1 NatureMetrics Ltd, CABI site, Bakeham Lane, Egham, Surrey, TW20 9TY Executive Summary In 2017/18, Natural England commissioned NatureMetrics to conduct proof of concept studies using DNA for: 1. Developing eDNA sampling methods to monitor freshwater mussel populations in England The UK is home to 6 species of freshwater Unionoida mussels, each with a different distribution. Of these 6 species, the depressed river mussel (Pseudanodonta complanata) and the pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera), have experienced significant declines during the 20th century, and are now protected species. Traditional survey methods however are expensive, time consuming, and have a significant risk of missing their presence at low densities. Environmental DNA (eDNA) methods may offer a viable alternative solution that is quick and sensitive. A set of primers that specifically amplify British Unionid mussels were developed in this study which can be used detect the 6 native freshwater Unionid mussels in the UK. When the sample is likely to contain only a single species, the resulting amplicons can be Sanger sequenced to provide a quick and reliable species determination, however the assay requires further validation. 2. Lagoon invertebrate eDNA The starlet sea anemone, Nematostella vectensis, and the lagoon sand shrimp, Gammarus insensibilis, are saline lagoon specialist protected species. However, like other lagoon specialist species, monitoring these species using traditional survey techniques can be notoriously difficult, due to their small size and cryptic nature. In this study a set of primers were developed that specifically amplified Nematostella vectensis. These primers appear specific to N. vectensis but require more validation. Specific primers to use for a Gammarus insensibilis eDNA assay were failed to be developed, due to the paucity of genetic reference data available for this species. Obtaining the first reference sequences relies on the liberal use of universal primers and a great deal of sequencing effort. More research is required to start the development of this assay. 3. Metabarcoding of invertebrate samples from vane traps
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Biodiversity Audit 2002
    East of England Biodiversity Audit A report for East of England Biodiversity Forum Funded by English Nature, Environment Agency, Forestry Commission and RSPB Produced by East of England Wildlife Trust Consultancies Table of contents Table of figures Queries ............................................................. 1 Table 1 : Consultees for document....................2 Acknowledgements........................................... 2 Table 2: Species action plans by county (total Executive summary........................................... 3 90 items)....................................................4 Summary of work contained within audit....... 3 Table 3 : Habitat action plans by county (22 Numbers of habitat and species action items) ........................................................6 plans considered....................................... 3 Table 4 : Broad habitat action plans in existence Success on search for available information in East of England .....................................7 .................................................................. 3 Table 5 : Categories used to assess significance Biodiversity Action Planning in the East of of species and habitat action plans ..........7 England......................................................... 3 Table 6 : Number of action plans within each County Biodiversity Action Planning within assessment category ................................8 the East of England................................... 3 Table 7 : Numbers of action plans where Assessment of Species and
    [Show full text]
  • The 17Th International Colloquium on Amphipoda
    Biodiversity Journal, 2017, 8 (2): 391–394 MONOGRAPH The 17th International Colloquium on Amphipoda Sabrina Lo Brutto1,2,*, Eugenia Schimmenti1 & Davide Iaciofano1 1Dept. STEBICEF, Section of Animal Biology, via Archirafi 18, Palermo, University of Palermo, Italy 2Museum of Zoology “Doderlein”, SIMUA, via Archirafi 16, University of Palermo, Italy *Corresponding author, email: [email protected] th th ABSTRACT The 17 International Colloquium on Amphipoda (17 ICA) has been organized by the University of Palermo (Sicily, Italy), and took place in Trapani, 4-7 September 2017. All the contributions have been published in the present monograph and include a wide range of topics. KEY WORDS International Colloquium on Amphipoda; ICA; Amphipoda. Received 30.04.2017; accepted 31.05.2017; printed 30.06.2017 Proceedings of the 17th International Colloquium on Amphipoda (17th ICA), September 4th-7th 2017, Trapani (Italy) The first International Colloquium on Amphi- Poland, Turkey, Norway, Brazil and Canada within poda was held in Verona in 1969, as a simple meet- the Scientific Committee: ing of specialists interested in the Systematics of Sabrina Lo Brutto (Coordinator) - University of Gammarus and Niphargus. Palermo, Italy Now, after 48 years, the Colloquium reached the Elvira De Matthaeis - University La Sapienza, 17th edition, held at the “Polo Territoriale della Italy Provincia di Trapani”, a site of the University of Felicita Scapini - University of Firenze, Italy Palermo, in Italy; and for the second time in Sicily Alberto Ugolini - University of Firenze, Italy (Lo Brutto et al., 2013). Maria Beatrice Scipione - Stazione Zoologica The Organizing and Scientific Committees were Anton Dohrn, Italy composed by people from different countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Invertebrates of the River Foss
    Invertebrates of the River Foss A report for the River Foss Society Illustration s of freshwater mussels from Martin Lister’s Historiae Animalium Angliae, published in 1678. Lister was the first naturalist to record invertebrates from the River Foss. Martin Hammond [email protected] December 2017 Introduction Over 170 aquatic invertebrate taxa have been recorded from the River Foss, mostly identified to species level but a few identified only to genus, family or other level. The majority of data are from Environment Agency sampling stations at Marton Abbey, Lilling Green, Strensall, Huntington Church and Castle Mills for the period 1995 to 2016. Few records are available for the upper Foss, where a considerable number of additional species are likely to be found. For a few groups, especially molluscs, older records are available and these provide valuable insights into changes in the ecology of the river. Archaeological investigations from riverside sites in central York also provide some interesting information about the past fauna of the Foss. For example, examination of deposits at Layerthorpe Bridge has revealed statoblasts of the bryozoan Lophopus crystallinus from several samples of fluvial sediment (statoblasts are pods of cells which allow asexual reproduction). These deposits ranged in age from the Anglo-Scandinavian period to the 19th century (Hall et al, 2000), indicating that Lophopus had a very long history of occupation of the lower Foss. The Crystal Moss-animal, to give its English name, is a colonial invertebrate which is a filter-feeder on microscopic algae and bacteria in nutrient- rich, slow-flowing waters. Although once widespread, the Crystal Moss-animal has declined greatly.
    [Show full text]
  • The Monitoring Handbook of Large Freshwater Mussels
    The thick shelled river mussel (Unio crassus) brings LIFE+ back to rivers [UC4LIFE] Målarmusslans återkomst… ACTION A1 DELIVERABLE: “The Monitoring Handbook” The monitoring handbook of large freshwater mussels Jakob Bergengren1, Ted von Proschwitz2, Stefan Lundberg3, Håkan Söderberg4, Oskar Norrgrann4, Martin Österling5 and Ivan Olsson6 County Administrative Board of 1Jönköping 4Västernorrland and 6Skåne, The Natural History Museum in 2Gothenburg and 3Stockholm, and 5Karlstad university and County Administrative Board of Scania6 Action A.1 Deliverable” The monitoring Handbook” Abstract This handbook will be used as part the Life-project “The thick shelled river mussel (Unio crassus) brings LIFE+ back to rivers” [UC4LIFE] monitoring programme to ensure adequate and consistent sampling strategies and techniques amongst the sampling crew. Naturally, the handbook describes sampling strategies and techniques, not only designated for the LIFE- project, but constitute the basis for mussel sampling generally according to standard protocol. Thus, this handbook is based on results from former studies and experiences by the authors and the results have been published previously in different formats. The handbook demonstrate suitable sampling techniques which will be used to survey variables which include mussel population size, density and individual age/size before and after restoration measures (Actions C.1 and C.3 in this project) at the twelve project sites that are planned for in this project. Also, this handbook is relevant for additional project-actions, such as the planning work (Action A.3), Host-fish mapping (Action C.1), Re-introduction and allocation (Action C.3), including all information activities (Actions D.1 - D.7). 1 Action A.1 Deliverable” The monitoring Handbook” Background and objectives Nine species of mussels from the group ”large freshwater mussels” are currently found in Swedish waters.
    [Show full text]
  • 2017 City of York Biodiversity Action Plan
    CITY OF YORK Local Biodiversity Action Plan 2017 City of York Local Biodiversity Action Plan - Executive Summary What is biodiversity and why is it important? Biodiversity is the variety of all species of plant and animal life on earth, and the places in which they live. Biodiversity has its own intrinsic value but is also provides us with a wide range of essential goods and services such as such as food, fresh water and clean air, natural flood and climate regulation and pollination of crops, but also less obvious services such as benefits to our health and wellbeing and providing a sense of place. We are experiencing global declines in biodiversity, and the goods and services which it provides are consistently undervalued. Efforts to protect and enhance biodiversity need to be significantly increased. The Biodiversity of the City of York The City of York area is a special place not only for its history, buildings and archaeology but also for its wildlife. York Minister is an 800 year old jewel in the historical crown of the city, but we also have our natural gems as well. York supports species and habitats which are of national, regional and local conservation importance including the endangered Tansy Beetle which until 2014 was known only to occur along stretches of the River Ouse around York and Selby; ancient flood meadows of which c.9-10% of the national resource occurs in York; populations of Otters and Water Voles on the River Ouse, River Foss and their tributaries; the country’s most northerly example of extensive lowland heath at Strensall Common; and internationally important populations of wetland birds in the Lower Derwent Valley.
    [Show full text]
  • Arundell FA Paper Accepted
    ORE Open Research Exeter TITLE Fluctuating asymmetry, parasitism and reproductive fitness in two species of gammarid crustacean AUTHORS Arundell, KL; Bojko, J; Wedell, N; et al. JOURNAL Diseases of Aquatic Organisms DEPOSITED IN ORE 21 November 2019 This version available at http://hdl.handle.net/10871/39668 COPYRIGHT AND REUSE Open Research Exeter makes this work available in accordance with publisher policies. A NOTE ON VERSIONS The version presented here may differ from the published version. If citing, you are advised to consult the published version for pagination, volume/issue and date of publication 1 Fluctuating asymmetry, parasitism and reproductive fitness in two species of 2 gammarid crustacean 3 Katherine L. Arundell1, Jamie Bojko2, Nina Wedell3, Alison M. Dunn1,* 4 1Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. 5 2Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA. 6 3Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall 7 Campus, Penryn TR10 9EZ, UK 8 Correspondence: [email protected], Phone: +44 (0)113 3432856 9 10 Running page head: Fluctuating asymmetry and parasitism in Gammarus sp. 11 12 Keywords: Development, Parasite, Microsporidia, Trematode, Infection 13 14 Abstract 15 Fluctuating asymmetry (FA), defined as random deviations from perfect bilateral symmetry, is assumed 16 to reflect developmental instability. FA is predicted to increase in response to environmental stress, 17 including parasite infection. In addition, theory predicts higher FA in sexually selected traits, due to their 18 greater sensitivity to stress. Here we investigate the relationships between FA, parasitism and 19 reproductive fitness in two species of gammarid crustacean, incorporating both sexual and non-sexual 20 traits.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ecology of Parasite-Host Interactions at Montezuma Well National Monument, Arizona—Appreciating the Importance of Parasites
    In cooperation with the University of Arizona The Ecology of Parasite-Host Interactions at Montezuma Well National Monument, Arizona—Appreciating the Importance of Parasites Open-File Report 2009–1261 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey This page was intentionally left blank. The Ecology of Parasite-Host Interactions at Montezuma Well National Monument, Arizona—Appreciating the Importance of Parasites By Chris O’Brien and Charles van Riper III Prepared in Cooperation with the University of Arizona Open-File Report 2009–1261 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior KEN SALAZAR, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Marcia McNutt, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 2009 For product and ordering information: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Suggested citation: O’Brien, Chris., van Riper III, Charles, 2009, The ecology of parasite-host interactions at Montezuma Well National Monument, Arizona—appreciating the importance of parasites: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009– 1261, 56 p. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted material contained within this report. ii Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Manuscrit Début
    Université de Bourgogne UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences THÈSE Pour l’obtention du grade de Docteur de l’Université de Bourgogne Discipline : Sciences de la Vie Spécialité : Ecologie Evolutive Mating strategies and resulting patterns in mate guarding crustaceans: an empirical and theoretical approach Matthias Galipaud Directeur de thèse : Loïc Bollache Co-directeur de thèse : François-Xavier Dechaume-Moncharmont Jury Loïc Bollache, Professeur, Université de Bourgogne Directeur Frank Cézilly, Professeur, Université de Bourgogne Examinateur François-Xavier Dechaume-Moncharmont, Maître de conférences, Université de Bourgogne Directeur Tim W. Fawcett, Research associate, University of Bristol Examinateur Jacques Labonne, Chargé de recherche, INRA, Saint-Pée sur Nivelle Examinateur François Rousset, Directeur de recherche, CNRS, Université Montpellier II Rapporteur Michael Taborsky, Professor, University of BERN Rapporteur Remerciements Voici le résultat de plus de trois années de recherches que j’ai eu la chance d’effectuer au sein de l’équipe écologie/évolution du laboratoire Biogéosciences de l’université de Bourgogne. Ceci n’est pas un aboutissement puisque, je l’espère, il me reste encore de nombreuses choses à expérimenter et découvrir aussi bien concernant aussi bien la recherche en sélection sexuelle que celle en biologie évolutive en général. Pour m’avoir donné accès à un environnement de travail exceptionnel (les locaux dijonnais offrent un cadre idéal à la tenue de travaux de thèse) je tiens à remercier l’université de Bourgogne ainsi que Monsieur le directeur du laboratoire, le Professeur Pascal Neige. Cinq personnalités scientifiques m’ont fait l’honneur de faire partie de mon jury de thèse. Je voudrais tout d’abord remercier les deux rapporteurs de mon travail qui ont bien voulu prendre de leur temps pour me lire et m’apporter de précieuses corrections.
    [Show full text]
  • SSP Bulletin 2000 Vol. 10 No. 2
    Bulletin of the SCANDINAVIAN SOCIETY FOR PARASITOLOGY • , · . ,.._ WITH PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON ECOLOGICAL , . ;'PARASITOLOGY ON THE TURN OF MILLENIUM, ST. PETERSBURG, • 'i: RUSSIA, 1-7 JULY, 2000 ({ • . o<> ��V vol. 10 No. 2 2ooo ;:;:y BULLETIN OF THE SCANDINA VIAN SOCIETY FOR P ARASITOLGY The Bulletin is a membership journal of the Scandinavian Society for Parasitology. Besides membership information, it also presents articles on all aspects of parasitology, with priority given to contributors fi-om the Nordic countries and other members of the Society. It will include review articles, short articles/communications. Comments on any topic within the field of parasitology may be presented as Letters to the Editor. The Bulletin is also open for a short presentation of new projects. All contributions should be written in English. Review articles are commissioned by the editor, however, suggestions for reviews are welcomed. Subscriptions are available to non-members upon request from the Publisher. The subscription rate is 40 EURO per year (two issues annually). Subscriptions should be paid to the treasurer of the SSP: Tor Atle Mo National Veterinary Institute P.O. Box 8156 Dep. N-0033 Oslo, NORWAY, e-mail: [email protected] Postal giro account number: 0814 3937489 Scandinavian Society for Parasitology (Nonlisk Ftircning fOrParasitologi) Society Board: President: E. Tellervo Valtonen (Finland) Vice-President: Karl Skirnisson (Iceland) General-Secretary: Maria Vang Johanscn (Denmark) Treasurer: Tor Atle Mo (Norway) Board Member: Ingela Krantz (Sweden) Suppleants: Eskild Petersen (Denmark), Mats Wahlgrcn (Sweden) Cover: In Norse mythology, the giant ash tree- Yggdrasill- spreads its limbs over the entire mankind.
    [Show full text]
  • Crustacean Amphipods from Marsh Ponds: a Nutritious Feed Resource with Potential for Application in Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture
    A peer-reviewed version of this preprint was published in PeerJ on 12 January 2018. View the peer-reviewed version (peerj.com/articles/4194), which is the preferred citable publication unless you specifically need to cite this preprint. Jiménez-Prada P, Hachero-Cruzado I, Giráldez I, Fernández-Diaz C, Vilas C, Cañavate JP, Guerra-García JM. 2018. Crustacean amphipods from marsh ponds: a nutritious feed resource with potential for application in Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture. PeerJ 6:e4194 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4194 Crustacean amphipods from marsh ponds: a nutritious feed resource with potential application in Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture. Pablo Jiménez-Prada Corresp., 1, 2 , Ismael Hachero-Cruzado 2 , Inmaculada Giráldez 3 , Catalina Fernández-Diaz 2 , César Vilas 3 , José Pedro Cañavate 2 , José Manuel Guerra-garcía 1 1 Laboratorio de Biologia Marina. Departamento de Zoología., Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain 2 Instituto de investigacion y Pformacion Agraria y Pesquera. El Toruño, Puerto de Santa María., Spain 3 Departament de Química "Prof. J.C. Víchez Martín", Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, Spain Corresponding Author: Pablo Jiménez-Prada Email address: [email protected] Coastal protection, nutrient cycling, erosion control, water purification, and carbon sequestration are ecosystem services provided by salt marshes. Additionally, the salt ponds offers coastal breeding and nursery habitat to fishes and invertebrates providing abundant amphipods potentially useful as a resource in aquaculture. Fishmeal and fish oil are necessary food resources to support aquaculture of carnivorous species due to their omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA). Their dependence on limited fisheries constrains growth of aquaculture and the need for n-3 LC-PUFA recommends the development of more sustainable food sources.
    [Show full text]
  • Large-Scale Monitoring of Freshwater Bivalves: an Edna Point of View On
    Large-scale monitoring of freshwater bivalves: an eDNA point of view on species distribution and conservation Vincent Pri´e1, Manuel Lopes-Lima2, Pierre Taberlet3, Alice Valentini4, Nicolas Poulet5, Pauline Jean4, Emilie Breugnot5, St´ephanieCouprie5, Ga¨elleJardin5, Nicolas Roset5, Thibault Vigneron5, Florent Lamand5, Olivier Gargominy1, Mathieu Rocle6, and Tony Dejean7 1Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle 2University of Porto 3Universit´eJoseph Fourier 4SPYGEN 5Office Fran¸caisde la Biodiversit´e 6Compagnie Nationale du Rhˆone 7Spygen May 6, 2020 Abstract The analysis of environmental DNA (eDNA) allows efficient surveys of freshwater species and is being increasingly used. However, most studies generally have a limited sampling plan. Because different methods are used by different authors, all the data produced with eDNA cannot be easily pooled together for a global overview. Nevertheless, one of the promising perspectives is the standardization of the methods and protocols, for long-term monitoring, early detection of invasive species, and rare species detection. We here present the biggest dataset using eDNA metabarcoding with standardized methods for freshwater bivalves. Sampling was performed mainly in France, with over 350 localities spread over all major basins. Metabarcoding was performed using two new sets of primers, one for the Unionida and one for the Venerida. The species distributions inferred from eDNA sampling are then compared with those currently known. Results give an insight into the valuable data that eDNA analysis can provide if used at a large scale. Some species were found outside of their known range, especially invasive species but also species of conservation interest. Others were found in a surprisingly low number of localities, although currently considered widespread and of no conservation interest.
    [Show full text]
  • Birdham Pool Decision
    Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 Decision Report Title: Birdham Pool – Basin dredge, revetment and pontoons. Location: Birdham, Chichester Applicant: Castle Marinas Limited Reference No: MLA/2016/00195 Address of applicant: Birdham Pool, Birdham, Chichester PO20 7BG Date issued: 28 July 2017 Contents 1. Purpose of the report .............................................................................................. 4 2. Overview of the marine licence application ............................................................ 4 3. The marine licence application process ................................................................. 4 3.1 Consultation ..................................................................................................... 4 3.2 Public notices ................................................................................................... 5 3.3 Public representations ...................................................................................... 5 4. Relevant considerations ......................................................................................... 5 4.1 Marine Policy Statement and Marine Plans ..................................................... 5 4.2 Waste Framework Directive ............................................................................. 6 4.3 Water Framework Directive .............................................................................. 6 4.4 Habitats Directive ............................................................................................
    [Show full text]