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The Evolving Canadian Landscape/Le Paysage Canadien

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The Evolving Canadian Landscape/Le Paysage Canadien INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANADIAN STUDIES REVUE INTERNATIONALE D’ÉTUDES CANADIENNES Editorial Board / Comité de rédaction Editor-in-Chief Rédacteur en chef Paul-André Linteau, Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada Associate Editors Rédacteurs adjoints Alan Cains, University of British Columbia, Canada Walter Pache, University of Augsburg, Germany Mildred A. Schwartz, University of Illinois at Chicago, U.S.A. Managing Editor Secrétaire de rédaction Christian Pouyez Publications Officer Agent des publications Guy Leclair Advisory Board / Comité consultatif Jacques Allard, Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada Paul Blyton, University of Wales, United Kingdom Cornelius Boekestijn, Free University, The Netherlands John E. Carroll, University of New Hampshire, USA. Paul Claval, Université de Paris-Sorbonne IV, France Ramsay Cook, York University Canada Lois Foster, La Trobe University, Australia Karen Gould, Bowling Green State University, U.S.A. Hans Hauge, Aarhus University, Denmark Dafna Izraeli, Bar-Ilan University, Israel Marjory Harper, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom Hiroaki Kato, Daito Bunka University, Japan Gregory Marchildon, The Johns Hopkins University, U.S.A. Franca Marcato Falzoni, Université de Bologne, Italie K.R.G. Nair, University of Delhi, India William H. New, University of British Columbia, Canada Riana O’Dwyer, University College, Galway, Ireland Alison Prentice, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, Canada Michèle Therrien, Institut des langues et civilisations orientales, France James Vance, University of California, U.S.A. Lothar Wolf, University of Augsburg, Germany Zhao Deyan, Fuzhou University, China Fabio Ziccardi, University of Milan, Italy The International Journal of Canadian Paraissant deux fois l’an, la Revue interna- Studies (IJCS) is published twice a year by the tionale d’études canadiennes (RIEC) est International Council for Canadian publiée par le Conseil international Studies. Multidisciplinary in scope, the IJCS d’études canadiennes. Revue multidis- is directed to people around the world who ciplinaire, elle rejoint les lecteurs de divers are interested in the study of Canada. pays intéressés à l’étude du Canada. The IJCS publishes thematic issues contain- La RIEC publie des numéros thématiques ingarticles (6,500 words maximum), research composés d’articles (maximum 6500 mots), notes (4,500 words maximum) and review de notes de recherche (maximum 4500 mots) essays. It favours analyses that have a broad et d’essais critiques, et privilégie les études perspective and essays that will interest a aux perspectives larges ainsi que les essais de readership from a wide variety of disciplines. synthèse aptes à intéresser un vaste éventail The articles must deal with Canada, not ex- de lecteurs. Les textes doivent porter sur le cluding comparisons between Canada and Canada ou sur une comparaison entre le other countries. Canada et d’autres pays. The IJCS is a bilingual journal. Authors may La RIEC est une revue bilingue. Les auteurs submit articles in either English or French. peuvent rédiger leurs textes en français ou en Individuals interested in submitting papers anglais. Les personnes intéressées à soumettre must first forward to the IJCS Secretariat a un texte doivent d’abord faire parvenir au one-page proposal. The Editorial Board will secrétariat de la RIEC une proposition d’une examine the proposals from which a selection page. Le Comité de rédaction examinera les will be made. Authors will then be invited to propositions puis effectuera une sélection. transmit articles which will be peer-reviewed. Les auteurs choisis seront invités à envoyer The Editorial Board will make a final un article, qui sera évalué par des pairs. Le decision whether the paper will be published. Comité de rédaction prendra la décision finale quant à la publication. The content of articles, research notes and review essays is the sole responsibility of the Les auteurs sont responsables du contenu de author. leurs articles, notes de recherche ou essais. Send a11 correspondence to the: Veuillez adresser toute correspondance à la : International Journal of Canadian Studies Revue internationale d’études canadiennes 2 Daly Avenue, Ottawa, CANADA K1N 6E2 2, avenue Daly, Ottawa, CANADA K1N 6E2 Yearly subscription (two issues): Abonnement annuel (deux numéros) : Can$30 Regular subscription 30 $ CAN abonnement régulier Can$20 ICCS Associations Member 20 $ CAN membres des associations du CIEC Can$20 Student, retiree 20 $ CAN étudiants, retraités Subscribers outside Canada, please add Abonnés de l’extérieur du Canada, s.v.p. Can$5 for postage. Make cheques payable to ajouter 5 $ CAN (frais de port). Libeller the International Journal of Canadian votre chèque à l’ordre de la Revue interna- Studies. tionale d’études canadiennes. The IJCS is indexed and/or abstracted in Les articles de la RIÉC sont répertoriés ou America: History and Life; Historical résumés dans America: History and Life; His- Abstracts; and International Political Science torical Abstracts; et International Political Abstracts. Science Abstracts. ISSN 1180-3991 ISSN 1180-3991 © Al1 rights reserved. No part of this publi- © Tous droits réservés. Aucune reproduc- cation may be reproduced without the per- tion n’est permise sans l’autorisation de la mission of the IJCS. RIEC. International Journal of Canadian Studies Revue internationale d’études canadiennes 4, Fall/Automne 1991 Table of Contents / Table des matières William E. Rees Conserving Natural Capital: The Key to Sustainable Landscapes . .7 William Hamley Economic Development and Environmental Preservation: The Case of the James Bay Hydro-Electric Power Projects, Quebec . 29 Daniel Le Couédic Les ressorts communs des régionalismes architecturaux du Québec et de la Bretagne . 49 Victor Konrad The Borderlands of the United States and Canada in the Context of North American Development . 77 Franz K. Stanzel Innocent Eyes? Canadian Landscape as Seen by Frances Brooke, Susanna Moodie and Others . 97 Jean-François Chassay Entre la nature et le livre, la ville. Le paysage montréalais, à la lecture de quelques romans québécois francophones . .111 Margaret E. Johnston The Canadian Wilderness Landscape As Culture and Commodity . .127 Anton Wagner Herman Voaden and the Group of Seven: Creating a Canadian Imaginative Background in Theatre . .145 Research Note/Note de recherche Richard Scott and Mark Seasons Planning Canada’s Capital: The Roles of Landscape . 167 Review Essays/Essais critiques Edward J. Miles Historical Atlas of Canada . 181 Jean-Pierre Collin Le paysage urbain au Québec . 189 Authors/Auteurs . 195 INTRODUCTION PRÉSENTATION Quite often, the world views L’idée qu’on se fait du Canada ail- Canada through images of its leurs dans le monde est très souvent natural landscape: wild forests, ex- associée à ses paysages naturels : pansive plains and majestic moun- forêts sauvages, plaines infinies, tains. The aim of the present issue montagnes majestueuses. Faire le is to discuss this perception and point sur cette perception, sur son how it developed, with special évolution, mais aussi et surtout sur attention to whether it reflects the sa correspondance avec la réalité changing realities of a landscape changeante d’un paysage occupé et occupied and transformed by the transforme par les habitants du people living in Canada. The ar- pays, tel est l’objectif du présent ticles offer a representative sam- numéro. Les articles qui s’y pling of the concerns of retrouvent offrent un éventail researchers. And while the représentatif des préoccupations landscape may be of primary inter- qui animent les chercheurs. Si le est to geographers, it is also a sub- paysage intéresse au premier chef ject of study for economists, les géographes, il est également un ecologists, architects, urban plan- objet d’étude pour les économistes ners, historians and specialists in et les écologistes, les architectes et the arts and literature. les urbanistes, les historiens et les spécialistes des arts et des lettres. Images of nature have affected literary and visual artists in many Les images du paysage naturel ont ways. From Frances Brooke to the touché de multiples façons les Group of Seven, people who ex- écrivains et les artistes. De Frances press themselves in words, form Brooke au Groupe des sept, ceux et and colour have found an inex- celles qui s’expriment par les mots, haustible and diversified source of les formes et les couleurs y ont inspiration in the landscape. How- trouvé une source d’inspiration ever, what they convey is a manufac- inépuisable. Ce qu’ils nous trans- tured image of reality, which can be mettent est cependant une image and is marketed. Yet the landscape, fabriquée de la réalité qui devient whether natural or transformed by même un objet de commercialisa- human action, is itself a form which tion. Mais le paysage, qu’il soit unites and divides, as can be seen in naturel ou transformé par l’action the borderlands. humaine, est lui-même une forme qui unit et distingue, comme on Over the past few years, re- peut le constater dans les zones searchers have challenged the per- frontières. ception of an idyllic Canadian landscape. They have shown how, Ces dernières années, les cher- even in the remotest places, it is cheurs ont remis en question la International Journal of Canadian Studies/Revue internationale d’études canadiennes 4, Fall/Automne 1991 IJCS/RIÉC altered by human activity. The version idyllique du paysage natural landscape has thus been canadien. Ils ont montré comment, transformed,
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