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A Taxonomic Revision of Eremopoa Persica (Trin.) Roshev. and E

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A Taxonomic Revision of Eremopoa Persica (Trin.) Roshev. and E ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﻲ و ﺑﻴﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ، ﺳﺎل ﭼﻬﺎرم، ﺷﻤﺎره ﻳﺎزدﻫﻢ، ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن 1391، ﺻﻔﺤﻪ 32-23 درﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ: 16/12/1389 ﭘﺬﻳﺮش ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ: 1391/02/03 ﻣﺮوري ﺑﺮ ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﻲ دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ .Eremopoa persica (Trin.) Roshev و .E. songarica (Schrenk.) Roshev ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺻﻔﺎت رﻳﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ و دادهﻫﺎي ﻛﺮوﻣﻮزوﻣﻲ ﺳﺮور رﺣﻤﺎﻧﻴﺎن و ﻣﺤﻤﺪرﺿﺎ رﺣﻴﻤﻲﻧﮋاد رﻧﺠﺒﺮ * ﮔﺮوه زﻳﺴﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ، داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻋﻠﻮم، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه اﺻﻔﻬﺎن، اﺻﻔﻬﺎن، اﻳﺮان ﭼﻜﻴﺪه ﺗﻌﺪاد 58 ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ از دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ Eremopoa persica و E. songarica ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Poaceae از ﻃﺎﻳﻔﻪ Festuceae (Poacea) از ﻟﺤﺎظ رﻳﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ در اﻳﺮان ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺷﺪ، ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ، ﻋﺪد ﻛﺮوﻣﻮزوﻣﻲ 7 ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺷﻤﺎرش ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ اﻋـﺪاد ﻣﻴﺘﻮزي ﺷﻤﺎرش ﺷﺪه 2n=14 و 2n=21 ﺑﺮاي E. persica و 2n=28 ﺑﺮاي E. songarica در ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ دﻳﭙﻠﻮ-، ﺗﺮﻳﭙﻠﻮ- و ﺗﺘﺮاﭘﻠﻮﺋﻴﺪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪات ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓـﻲ ﺷـﺪ ه Eremopoa persica و E. songarica ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان دو وارﻳﺘﻪ در ﮔﻮﻧﻪ E. persica در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد. واژه ﻫﺎي ﻛﻠﻴﺪي: Eremopoa، رﻳ ﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ، ﻋﺪد ﻛﺮوﻣﻮزوﻣﻲ، اﻳﺮان ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ Bor (1970) دو ﮔﻮﻧــﻪ E. persica (ﺑــﺎ دو وارﻳﺘــﻪ ﺟﻨﺲ Eremopoa ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ Roshevitz و E. persica Shishkin و E. songarica) و .E. bellula Roshev (1934) ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻳـﻪ .Poa persica Trin در ﻓﻠـﻮر ﺷـﻮروي (Regel) را در اﻳـــــﺮان ﻣﻌﺮﻓـــــﻲ ﻧﻤـــــﻮد. دو ﮔﻮﻧـــــﻪ (ﺳﺎﺑﻖ) ﺑﺎ ﺷﺶ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪ. Parsa (1950) ﺗﻌﺪاد E. Songarica 5 و E. persica را ﻛــﻪ Bor (1970) ﺑــﻪ ﮔﻮﻧـــــﻪ: .E. arundinacea (L.) Roshev، ﻋﻨﻮان دو وارﻳﺘﻪ از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ E. persica ﺑﻪ رﺳﻤ ﻴﺖ ﺷـﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ .E. oxyglumis ،E. persica (Trin.) Roshev ﺑﻮد ﺑـﻪ وﺳـﻴﻠﻪ Roshevitz و Parsa ،(1934) Shishkin .E songarica (Sherenk.) ،(Boiss.) Roshev (1950) و Miller (1987) ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺴـﺘﻘﻞ در .Roshev و .E. nephlochloides Roshev را ﺑــﺮاي ﻧﻈــﺮ ﮔ ﺮ ﻓ ﺘ ــﻪ ﺷــﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨــﻴﻦ Tutin و ﻫﻤﻜــﺎران (1980)، ﻛﺸﻮر اﻳﺮان ﺑﻪ رﺳﻤ ﻴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ . ﻣﺒﻴﻦ (1358) ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ E. songarica را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ اي ﻣﺴـﺘﻘﻞ ﺑـﺮاي ﻓﻠـﻮر E. persica را در ر ﺳﺘﻨﻲﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان ذﻛﺮ ﻛﺮده اﺳﺖ. اروﭘﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻛﺮدﻧﺪ. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺳﻴﺘﻮﻟﻮژي اﻧﺠـﺎم ﺷـﺪه ﺑـﺮ * [email protected] 24 ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﻲ و ﺑﻴﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ، ﺳﺎل ﭼﻬﺎرم، ﺷﻤﺎره ﻳﺎزدﻫﻢ، ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن 1391 روي اﻳﻦ دو ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻮن ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻋﺪد دﻳﭙﻠﻮﺋﻴﺪ 14 ﺟﻤــــﻊ آوري ﺷــــﺪ و 58 ﻧﻤﻮﻧــــﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﻠــــﻖ ﺑــــﻪ TARI و 28 ﺑــﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴــﺐ ﺑــﺮاي E. persica و E. songarica (ﻫﺮﺑـــﺎرﻳﻮم ﻣﺆﺳﺴـــﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘـــﺎت ﺟﻨﮕـــﻞ ﻫـــﺎ و ﻣﺮاﺗـــﻊ (Goukasian and Nazarova, ﮔـﺰارش ﺷـ ـﺪهاﺳــﺖ ﻛﺸــــﻮر) و HUI (ﻫﺮﺑــــﺎرﻳﻮم داﻧﺸــــﮕﺎه اﺻــــﻔﻬﺎن ) (1998. ﻫﺪف اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ، ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻧﻈـﺮات ﻣﺘﻔـﺎوت اراﺋـﻪ اﺳـــﺖ، ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـــﻪ و ﺑﺮرﺳـــﻲ ﺷـــﺪ . ﺷـــﻜﻞ 1 ﻧﻘﺸـــﻪ ﺷﺪه ﭘﻴﺮاﻣﻮن دو ﺗﺎﻛﺴـﻮن E. persica و E. songarica ﭘـــﺮاﻛﻨﺶ ﺟﻤﻌﻴـــﺖ ﻫـــﺎي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـــﻪ ﺷـــﺪه را ﻧﺸـــﺎن در اﻳــﺮان ﺑــﺎ اﺳــﺘﻔﺎده از داده ﻫــﺎي رﻳﺨـ ـﺖﺷــﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ و ﺳﻴﺘﻮﻟﻮژي اﺳﺖ. ﻣــﻲ دﻫــﺪ. ﺗﻌــﺪاد 7 ﻧﻤﻮﻧــﻪ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺘــﻲ از ﺳﺮاﺳــﺮ داﻣﻨــﻪ ﻣﻮاد و روش ﻫﺎ اﻧﺘﺸــﺎر اﻳــﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋــﻪ ﺑــﺮاي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌــﺎت ﻛﺮوﻣــﻮزوﻣﻲ در ﻣﺠﻤــﻮع، ﺗﻌــﺪاد 91 ﻧﻤﻮﻧــﻪ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺘــﻲ ﻛــﻪ 33 اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧــﻪ آن ﺑــﻪ ﺻــﻮرت اﻧﺤﺼــﺎري ﺑــﺮاي اﻳــﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌــﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ 1- داﻣﻨﻪ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ E. songarica و E. persica در اﻳﺮان ■ E. persica و ● E. songarica ﺑﺮرﺳﻲﻫﺎي رﻳﺨﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ 7 ﺻـﻔﺖ ﻛﻤ ـﻲ و 26 ﺑـــﻪ ﻋﻨـــﻮان ﻳـــﻚ OTU در ﻧﻈـــﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـــﻪ ﺷـــﺪ . ﺻﻔﺖ ﻛﻴﻔﻲ ﺑﺮ روي 600 ﻓﺮد ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑـﻪ 91 ﺟﻤﻌﻴـﺖ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﻴﺮي ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﺳـﺘﺮﻳﻮ ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﺳـﻜﻮپ و اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ (ﺟـﺪول 1). ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮر ﺗﺤﻠﻴـﻞ ﻓﻨﺘﻴـ ﻚ ﻛﺎﻏــﺬ ﻣﻴﻠــﻲ ﻣﺘــﺮي ﻳــﺎ ﺑــﺎ اﺳــﺘﻔﺎده از ﺧــﻂ ﻛــﺶ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺻﻔﺎت ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت دو ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻪ در آﻣﺪ. ﻫﺮ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﺘـﺮي و ﭼﺸـﻢ ﻏﻴـﺮ ّﻣﺴـﻠ ﺢ ﺻـﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓـﺖ و ﻣﺮوري ﺑﺮ ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﻲ دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ .Eremopoa persica (Trin.) Roshev و .E. songarica (Schrenk.) Roshev ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ... 25 واژه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻣـﻮرد اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده ﺑـﺮ ﭘﺎﻳـ ﻪ Stearn (1983) ﺑﺬر ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻫـﺎ از ﺳـﻮﻟﻔ ﻮرﻳﻚ اﺳـﻴﺪ ﻳـﻚ اﺳﺖ. ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺧﻮﺷﻪ اي UPGMA داده ﻫـﺎ ﺑـﺮ اﺳـﺎس ﻧﺮﻣﺎل ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺑﺮاي از ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑـﺮدن ﭘﻮﺳـﺘﻪ ﺿــﺮﻳﺐ ﺷــﺒﺎﻫﺖ (SM, Simple Matching) و ﺑــﺎ ﺳــﺨﺖ داﻧــﻪ ا ﺳ ــﺘﻔﺎده ﺷــﺪ. ﭘـ ـﺲ از ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒـ ـﺎ ً 5-6 روز اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار .Ntsys pc ﻧﺴﺨﻪ 0/2 اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺬرﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻃﻮل رﻳﺸﻪ آﻧﻬـﺎ 5/1-2 ﺳـﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﺘـﺮ ﺑـﻮد ﺑـــﻪ ﻣﻨﻈـــﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳـــﻲ ﺳﻴﺘﻮﺗﺎﻛﺴـــﻮﻧﻮﻣﻲ از روش اﻧﺘﺨــﺎب ﺷــﺪ. در اﻳــﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌــﻪ، از ﭘـ ـﻴﺶﺗﻴﻤــﺎر آﻟﻔــﺎ- Agayev (1996) و ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌــﻪ ﻣﻴﺘــﻮز ﺑﺎﻓــﺖ ﻣﺮﻳﺴــﺘﻤﻲ ﺑﺮوﻣﻮﻧﻔﺘـــﺎﻟﻴﻦ، ﺗﺜﺒﻴــ ـﺖﻛﻨﻨـــﺪه ﻟﻴﻮﺗﺴـــﻜﻲ ﺣـــﺎوي اﻧﺘﻬﺎي رﻳﺸﻪ ﺑﻪ روش ﻟـ ﻪ ﻛـﺮدن (squash method) ﻛﺮوﻣﻴﻚ اﺳﻴﺪ ﻳﻚ درﺻﺪ و ﻓﺮمآﻟﺪﺋﻴـﺪ 10 درﺻـﺪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. از ﻫﺮ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﻌﺪادي ﺑﺬر ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﺴـﺎوي و رﻧـﮓ آﻣﻴـﺰي ﺑـ ﻪ وﺳـﻴﻠ ﻪ ﻣﺤﻠـﻮل ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ و درون ﭘﺘـﺮي دﻳـﺶ ﻫﻤﺎﺗﻮﻛﺴﻴﻠﻴﻦ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ. ﭘﻬﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻛﺮوﻣﻮزوﻣﻲ ﺣـــﺎوي ﻛﺎﻏـــﺬ ﺻـــﺎﻓﻲ در اﻧﻜﻮﺑـــﺎﺗﻮر 26 درﺟـــﻪ ﭘﺲ از ﻟﻪ ﺷﺪن ﺑﺎ ﻋﺪﺳﻲ 100 در زﻳﺮ ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﺳـﻜﻮپ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﮔﺮاد ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓـﺖ . ﺑـﺮاي از ﺑـﻴﻦ ﺑـﺮدن ﺧـﻮاب Olympus BX 40 ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ و ﻋﻜﺲ ﺑﺮداري ﺷﺪ. ﺟﺪول 1- ﺻﻔﺎت رﻳﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻛﻤ ﻲ و ﻛﻴﻔﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﺪه در ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ از دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ E. persica و E. singarica ردﻳﻒ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻛﻴﻔﻲ ردﻳﻒ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻛﻴﻔﻲ 1 ﻃﻮل ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻚﻫﺎ در ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ اﺳﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻴﺮ؟ 18 ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ 2 ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﺎروري ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻚﻫﺎ در 1 ﺗﺎ 2 ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﮔﺮهﻫﺎي 19 ﺧﻄﻲ ﻳﺎ ﭘﻬﻦ ﺑﻮدن ﺑﺮگ ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ 3 ﺷﻜﻞ ﻧﻮك ﭘﻮﺷﻴﻨﻪ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﮔﺮد ﻳﺎ ﺗﻴﺰ اﺳﺖ؟ 20 ﺷﻜﻞ ﻛﻠﻲ ﮔﻴﺎه (ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪه ﻳﺎ ﻣﺘﺮاﻛﻢ) 4 ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻚﻫﺎ 21 ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮگ 5 وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﻪ از ﻧﻈﺮ ُﻛ ﺮك 22 ﺟﻨﺲ ﻏﻼف 6 وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ 23 وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻟﺒﻪ ﻏﻼف 7 ﺟﻨﺲ ﭘﻮﺷﻪ 24 ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻟﺒﻪ ﻏﻼف 8 وﺟﻮد ُﻛ ﺮك روي ﭘﻮﺷﻴﻨﻪ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ 25 ﺟﻨﺲ زﺑﺎﻧﻚ 9 ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﭘﺸﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﻨﻪ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ 26 ﺟﻨﺲ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﻨﻚ (ﻟﻮدﻳﻜﻮل) 10 وﺟﻮد ﻳﺎ ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد ﺳﻴﺨﻚ در ﭘﻮﺷﻴﻨﻪ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ ردﻳﻒ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻛﻤ ﻲ 11 وﺟﻮد ﻳﺎ ﻋﺪم ﺑﺮﻳﺪﮔﻲ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﭘﻮﺷﻴﻨﻪ اوﻟﻴﻪ (ﻟﻤﺎ) 1 ﻃﻮل ﮔﻴﺎه 12 ﺟﻨﺲ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﻨﻪ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ 2 ﻃﻮل ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ 13 ﻫﻤﮕﺮا ﻳﺎ واﮔﺮا ﺑﻮدن ﺳﻨﺒﻠﭽﻪﻫﺎ در ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻚ 3 ﭘﻬﻨﺎي ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ در ﻋﺮﻳﺾﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻮرد اﻧﺪازه ﮔﻴﺮي 14 ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻓﺮﻋﻲ 4 ﺗﻌﺪاد اﻧﺸﻌﺎﺑﺎت در ﻫﺮ ﮔﺮه در ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ 15 ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻓﺮﻋﻲ 5 ﻃﻮل ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻚ 16 ﺻﺎف ﻳﺎ ﻛﻨﮕﺮهدار ﺑﻮدن ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻓﺮﻋﻲ 6 ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﻨﺒﻠﭽﻪ ﻫﺎ در ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻚ 17 رﻧﮓ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ 7 ﭘﻬﻨﺎي ﺑﺮگ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪات E. persica و E. songarica وﻳﮋﮔـﻲ ﻫـﺎي زﻳـﺮ اﺳـﺖ : ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲﻫﺎي اﻧﺠـﺎم ﺷـﺪه ﺑـﺮ روي ﺻـﻔﺎت ﺑﺮوﻣﻨــﺪي ﮔﻴــﺎه، ﺗﻌــﺪاد ﮔﻠﭽــﻪ در ﺳــﻨﺒﻠﻚ، واﮔﺮاﻳــﻲ و رﻳﺨـــ ﺖﺷ ﻨ ﺎ ﺳـــ ﻲ ﻛﻤ ـ ــﻲ و ﻛ ﻴ ﻔـــ ﻲ ﺻـــ ﻔ ﺎ ت ﺑـــ ﺎ ﺗـــ ﺄ ﺛ ﻴ ﺮِ ﻫﻤﮕﺮاﻳﻲ ﮔﻠﭽﻪﻫﺎ، ﺗﻌﺪاد اﻧﺸﻌﺎﺑﺎت ﻓـﺮاﻫﻢ در ﮔـﺮه ﻫـﺎي ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﻴﻚ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺪا ﺳﺎزي ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻮن ﻫﺎي ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ، ﺷﻜﻞ ﻛﻠ ّﻲ ﮔﻴـﺎه ﻛـﻪ ﻣﺘـﺮاﻛﻢ ﻳـﺎ ﭘﺮاﻛﻨـﺪه اﺳـﺖ، ٢٥ 26 ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﻲ و ﺑﻴﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ، ﺳﺎل ﭼﻬﺎرم، ﺷﻤﺎره ﻳﺎزدﻫﻢ، ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن 1391 ﺧﻄﻲ ﻳﺎ ﭘﻬﻦ ﺑﻮدن ﺑﺮگ، رﻧﮓ ﻣﺤﻮر اﺻﻠﻲ ﮔﻞ آذﻳـﻦ ، در اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ، ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻣﺘﺎﻓﺎز وﺟﻮد ﻳﺎ ﻋﺪم ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻛ ُ ﺮﻛﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﻨ ﻪ ﺑﻴﺮوﻧﻲ. ﺑﺎ ﻋﺪﺳﻲ 100 ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﺳﻜﻮپ Olympus DP12 ﻋﻜـﺲ دﻧــﺪروﮔﺮام ﺣﺎﺻــﻞ از ﺗﺤﻠﻴــﻞ ﺧﻮﺷــﻪ اي UPGMA ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪات ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺳـﻴﺘﻮﻟﻮژي ﺟـﻨﺲ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺖ SM در ﺷﻜﻞ 2 ﻧﺸﺎن E. remopoa در اﻳــﺮان ﻧ ﺸ ــ ﺎندﻫﻨــﺪه وﺟــﻮد ﺳــﻪ ﺳــﻄﺢ داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻠﻴـﻞ ﻧﺸـﺎن ﻣـﻲ دﻫـﺪ ﻛـﻪ از ﻟﺤـﺎظ ﭘﻠﻮﺋﻴﺪي دﻳﭙﻠﻮ-، ﺗﺮﻳﭙﻠﻮ- و ﺗﺘﺮاﭘﻠﻮﺋﻴﺪ و ﻋﺪد ﭘﺎﻳﻪ x=7 در ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺘﻲ، 5 ﺧﻮﺷﻪ اﺻﻠﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ اﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﻣﻴﺎن ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖﻫـﺎي ﻣﺘﻌﻠـﻖ ﺑـﻪ دو ﺗﺎﻛﺴـﻮن E. persica و اﻓﺮاد ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞدﻫﻨﺪه ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪام از اﻳﻦ ﺧﻮﺷﻪﻫﺎ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺮﺧـﻲ E. songarica اﺳﺖ. ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﺮﻳﭙﻠﻮﺋﻴﺪي در اﻳﻦ ﺟـﻨﺲ و ﺻﻔﺎت رﻳﺨﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ داراي ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺖ و ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ اﺳﺖ و ﻧﻴﺰ اﻳﻦ دو ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻮن ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﺑﺎر در اﻳـﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ ﻣﺸـﺎﻫﺪه ًﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ در ﻛﻨـﺎر ﻳﻜـ ﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺷــﺪ. ﻋــﺪد دﻳﭙﻠﻮﺋﻴــﺪ (2n) ﻣﺸــﺎﻫﺪه ﺷــﺪه در ﺗﺎﻛﺴــﻮن ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. اﻣ ﺎ ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺖ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر زﻳﺎدي ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﻴﻦ E. persica ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮ ﺑـﺎ 14 و 21 اﺳـﺖ . 4 ﺟﻤﻌﻴـﺖ از اﻳـﻦ دو ﺗﺎﻛﺴــﻮن E. persica و E. songarica وﺟــﻮد دارد، ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻮن ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺷﺪ، ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ در ﺷﻜﻞ 2 اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ و ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖﻫﺎي ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ از دو ﺗﺎﻛﺴـﻮن ﺑـﻪ ﺻـﻮرت ﻣﺨﻠـﻮط ﻋـــــﺪد دﻳﭙﻠﻮﺋﻴـــــﺪي ﺑﺮاﺑـــــﺮ ﺑـــــﺎ 28 در ﺗﺎﻛﺴـــــﻮن در اﻳﻦ دﻧﺪروﮔﺮام ﻻﻧﻪﮔﺰﻳﻨﻲ ﻣـﻲ ﻛﻨـﺪ . ﺑﻴﺸـﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺷـﺒﺎﻫﺖ E. songarica دﻳﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﻪ ﻛﺮوﻣـﻮزوم ﻫـﺎي اﻳـﻦ دو در اﻳــﻦ دﻧــﺪروﮔﺮام 97 درﺻــﺪ و ﻛﻤﺘــﺮﻳﻦ ﺷــﺒﺎﻫﺖ 65 ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻮن ﻣﺘﺎﺳﺎﻧﺘﺮﻳﻚ و اﻧﺪازه ﻛﺮوﻣﻮزومﻫﺎ ًﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮ ، درﺻﺪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺪون ﺗﻨﻮع در اﻧﺪازه و ﺑﺪون ﻣﺎﻫﻮاره اﺳﺖ. ﺷﻜﻞ 2- دﻧﺪروﮔﺮام UPGMA ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺖ ﺳﺎده اﻧﻄﺒﺎق (simple matching coefficient) ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺑﺮرﺳـﻲ 33 ﺻـﻔﺖ دو ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻪ رﻳﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ در ﻣﻴﺎن60 ﺟﻤﻌﻴـﺖ ﻣﺘﻌﻠـﻖ ﺑـﻪ دو ﺗﺎﻛﺴـﻮن E. persica و E. songarica در اﻳـﺮان اﺳـﺖ . داﻳـﺮه ﺑـﺰرگ ﻧﺸـﺎن دﻫﻨـﺪه ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖﻫﺎي E. persica و ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻞ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖﻫﺎي E. songarica را ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣـﻲ دﻫـﺪ ﻛـﻪ در ﺑـﻴﻦ ﺟﻤﻌﻴـﺖ ﻫـﺎي E. persica ﻻﻧﻪﮔﺰﻳﻨﻲ ﻛﺮده اﺳﺖ. ﻣﺮوري ﺑﺮ ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﻲ دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ .Eremopoa persica (Trin.) Roshev و .E. songarica (Schrenk.) Roshev ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ... 27 ﺷﻜﻞ 3- ﭘﻬﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﻛﺮوﻣﻮزوﻣﻲ و ﻛﺎرﻳﻮﺗﻴﭗ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻛﺮوﻣﻮزوﻣﻲ دو ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻮن E. persica و E. songarica A: ﭘﻬﻨﻪ ﻣﻴﺘﻮزي و ﻛﺎرﻳﻮﺗﻴﭗ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ (اﺷﻨﻮﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ اروﻣﻴـﻪ ) از ﺗﺎﻛﺴـﻮن E. persica؛ B: ﭘﻬﻨـﻪ ﻣﻴﺘـﻮزي و ﻛﺎرﻳﻮﺗﻴـﭗ ﺟﻤﻌﻴـﺖ (اﺷـﻨﻮﻳﻪ ﺑـﻪ اروﻣﻴـﻪ ) ﺗﺮﻳﭙﻠﻮﺋﻴﺪ و 2n=21 از ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻮن E. persica؛ C: ﭘﻬﻨﻪ ﻣﻴﺘﻮزي و ﻛﺎرﻳﻮﺗﻴﭗ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ (آﺑﺸﺎر ﺳﻤﻴﺮم) از ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻮن E. songarica؛ D: ﭘﻬﻨـﻪ ﻣﻴﺘـﻮزي و ﻛﺎرﻳﻮﺗﻴﭗ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ (اﻣﻴﺮآﺑﺎد) ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻮن E. persica؛ E: ﭘﻬﻨﻪ ﻣﻴﺘـﻮزي و ﻛﺎرﻳﻮﺗﻴـﭗ ﺟﻤﻌﻴـﺖ (اراك ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻼﻳـﺮ ) از ﺗﺎﻛﺴـﻮن E. persica؛ F: ﭘﻬﻨﻪ ﻣﻴﺘﻮزي و ﻛﺎرﻳﻮﺗﻴﭗ (آﺑﮕـﺮم ﻗﻴﻨﺮﺟـﻪ ) از ﺗﺎﻛﺴـﻮن E. persica؛ G: ﭘﻬﻨـﻪ ﻣﻴﺘـﻮزي و ﻛﺎرﻳﻮﺗﻴـﭗ ﺟﻤﻌﻴـﺖ (ﻛﺎﻣﻴـﺎران ) ﻣﺘﻌﻠـﻖ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﺎﻛﺴـﻮن .E. persica 28 ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﻲ و ﺑﻴﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ، ﺳﺎل ﭼﻬﺎرم، ﺷﻤﺎره ﻳﺎزدﻫﻢ، ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن 1391 ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﻴﺠ ﻪﮔﻴﺮي ﭘﻮﺷﻴﻨﻪ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺻﻔﺎت ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪودي ﻣﺘﻤﺎﻳﺰ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﻮد و ﺑﻘﻴﻪ دو ﮔﻮﻧـــﻪ E. Songarica و E. persica ﺗﻮﺳـــﻂ ﺻﻔﺎت ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﻴﻚ ﻧﺪارد. در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه، Parsa ،(1934) Roshevitz (1950) و Miller (1987) ﺣﺪود اﻳﻦ دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ذﻛﺮ ﺷﺪه در ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺨﺪوش و ﺟﺪاﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ.
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