A Brief Catalogue of the Works of GUSTAVMAHLER
Mikko Korhonen
M.P.K. First edition, Version . © Mikko Korhonen . The moral right of the editor has been asserted. Gustav Mahler’s signature on title page courtesy of Wikimedia Commons. Set in pt Junicode with the XƎTEX computer typesetting system. Universelle Dezimalklassifikation / Dewey Decimal Classification: Yleisten kirjastojen luokitusjärjestelmä: . : . Korhonen, Mikko. – A Brief Catalogue of the Works of Gustav Mahler ( st edn, version . ) / Mikko Korhonen, edr – pp. : – Includes bibliography and index. Foreword
G M was born in to a Jewish family in Bohemia. He exhibited musical talent starting at an early age. Mahler graduated om the Vienna Conservatory in and worked as a conductor in European opera houses and was highly regarded in that occupation. In he was appointed as director of the Vienna Court Opera (Hofoper). Mahler’s life was equently shadowed by personal tragedies, illness, strife with his wife A M , and other hardships including equent anti-semitism despite the fact that he converted to Catholicism in . Mahler died of pneumonia brought on by his heart defect in July at the age of . During his lifetime Mahler was better known as a conductor than a composer. A er his death his works remained relatively neglected until the s and s when the Mahler revival began, lead by, among other, conductor L S , composer A C , and, most famously, conductor– composer L B . Mahler’s works are few in number but equently large in scale, being long, complex, and scored for large instrumental and vocal forces. Due to his oc- cupation as a conductor, Mahler mostly composed during the summer, which limited the time he had for this activity. Due to the low number of pieces nearly all of his works are a part of the standard concert repertory to this day. Today Mahler’s music is considered to be a bridge between th century Austro–German musical tradition and the modernism of the early th century. Musicologist and Mahler-scholar D C categorises Mahler’s work into three creative periods: ( ) a first period om Das klagende Lied ( ) to the end of the Wunderhorn settings in , ( ) a middle period lasting om the fi h symphony to the eighth and ( ) a late period comprising of Das Lied von der Erde, the ninth symphony and the incomplete tenth symphony.
N.B. An arrow pointing to the right indicates information and explanation, an arrow pointing to the le indicates an alternative title. Text incipits are given as alternative titles printed in italics and English translations of song names in quotation marks.
Extant works
Order is chronological.
Piano Quartet in A minor
→ . A single complete movement, marked ‘Nicht zu schnell’ and a Scherzo agment of measures are extant. ← Quartet Movement for Piano, Violin, Viola and Cello in A Minor. Skizze eines Scherzo-Satzes Piano Quartet in A minor. Nicht zu schnell Piano Quartet in A minor. Scherzo (fragment)
Das klagende Lied
→ – . Cantata for soprano, alto, tenor, mixed chorus, and orchestra. Text by the composer based on a fairytale by L B ( – ). Two versions exist: the original and a revised version omitting the first movement, finished in . ← Song of Lamentation Das klagende Lied. No , Waldmärchen ← Es war eine stolze Königin. ‘Forest Legend’ Das klagende Lied. No , Der Spielmann ← Beim Weidenbaum im kühlen Tann. Ach Spielmann, lieber Spielmann mein. ‘The Minstrel’ Das klagende Lied. No , Hochzeitsstück ← Ach Bruder, lieber Bruder mein. ‘Wedding Piece’
Im Lenz
→ . Song for tenor and piano. Text by Gustav Mahler. ← Sag an, du Träumer am lichten Tag
Extant works
Winterlied
→ . Song for tenor and piano. Text by Gustav Mahler ← Über Berg und Tal
Maitanz im Grünen
→ . Song for tenor and piano. Text by Gustav Mahler. ← Ringel, ringel Reih’n
Lieder und Gesänge I
→ – . Voice and piano. ← Lieder und Gesänge aus der Jugendzeit Lieder und Gesänge I. No , Frühlingsmorgen → Text by R L ( – ). Lieder und Gesänge I. No , Erinnerung → Text by Richard Leander. Lieder und Gesänge I. No , Hans und Grethe → Text by Gustav Mahler. The melody is the same as in Maitanz im Grünen. Lieder und Gesänge I. No , Serenade → Text by T M ( – ). Lieder und Gesänge I. No , Phantasie → Text by Tirso de Molina.
Lieder eines fahrenden Gesellen
– / . Song cycle for low voice and piano on texts by the composer. ← Songs of a Wayfarer, Songs of a Wandering Journeyman Lieder eines fahrenden Gesellen. No , Wenn mein Schazt Hochzeit macht Lieder eines fahrenden Gesellen. No , Ging heut’ morgens übers Feld Lieder eines fahrenden Gesellen. No , Ich hab’ ein glühend Messer Lieder eines fahrenden Gesellen. No , Die zwei blauen Augen
Lieder und Gesänge II
Lieder und Gesänge II
→ – . Voice and piano. Texts om Des Knaben Wunderhorn. Lieder und Gesänge II. No , Um schlimme Kinder artig zu machen Lieder und Gesänge II. No , Ich ging mit Lust durch einen grünen Wald Lieder und Gesänge II. No , Aus! Aus! Lieder und Gesänge II. No , Starke Einbildungskraft
Lieder und Gesänge III
→ – . Voice and piano. Texts om Des Knaben Wunderhorn. ← Lieder und Gesänge aus der Jugendzeit Lieder und Gesänge III. No , Zu Strassburg auf der Schanz Lieder und Gesänge III. No , Ablösung im Sommer Lieder und Gesänge III. No , Scheiden und Meiden Lieder und Gesänge III. No , Nicht wiedersehen! Lieder und Gesänge III. No , Selbstge hö
Symphony No in D major
→ – / – . movements: Langsam. Schleppend. Wie ein Naturlaut. Im Anfang sehr gemächlich, Krä igt bewegt, doch nicht zu schnell – Trio: Recht gemächlich, Feierlich und gemessen, ohne zu schleppen, Stürmisch bewegt. ← Titan
Symphony No in C minor
→ – / . Soprano, alto, mixed chorus, and orchestra. Texts om Des Knaben Wunderhorn (movt ), and F K ( – ) and Gustav Mahler (movt ). movements: Allegro maestoso, Andante moderato, Scherzo. In ruhig fliessender Bewegung, Urlicht, Im Tempo des Scherzos. Wild herausfahrend – Langsam – Allegro energico – Wieder
Extant works zurückhaltend – Langsam. Misterioso. (Aufersteh’n, and aufersteh’n wirst du.) Strictly speaking, the key of the symphony is C minor / E-flat major. The first movement was originally conceived as a symphonic poem titled Todtenfeier (‘Funeral Rites’). ← Auferstehungs-Symphonie. Resurrection Symphony. Todtenfeier.
Das himmlische Leben
→ February . Voice and piano. Written at the same time with the other Wunderhorn songs, but not usually included in the set of twelve songs. Later used as the fourth movement of symphony no . [ ] ← Wir genießen die himmlischen Freuden
Des Knaben Wunderhorn
→ – . A cycle of twelve songs for voice and piano / voice and orchestra. All texts traditional, om Des Knaben Wunderhorn. The orchestral version is o en performed with two soloists, usually soprano and baritone. ← Humoresken. Lieder und Gesänge IV Des Knaben Wunderhorn. No , Der Schilwache Nachtlied ← Ich kann und mag nich fröhlich sein Des Knaben Wunderhorn. No , Verlor’ne Müh ← Büble, wir wollen ausse gehe! Des Knaben Wunderhorn. No , Trost im Unglück ← Wohlan, die Zeit ist kommen Des Knaben Wunderhorn. No , Wer hat dies Liedlein erdacht? ← Dort oben am Berg in dem hohen Haus Des Knaben Wunderhorn. No , Das irdische Leben ← Mutter, ach Mutter, es hungert mich Des Knaben Wunderhorn. No , Des Antonius von Padua Fischpredigt ← Antoniusz zur Predigt, die Kirche find’t ledig Des Knaben Wunderhorn. No , Rheinlegendchen ← Bald gras’ ich am Neckar
Symphony No 3 in D minor
Des Knaben Wunderhorn. No , Lied des Verfolgten im Turm ← Die Gedanken sind frei Des Knaben Wunderhorn. No , Wo die schönen Trompeten blasen ← We ist denn draussen und wer klopfet an Des Knaben Wunderhorn. No , Lob des hohen Verstandes ← Einstmals in einem tiefem Tal Des Knaben Wunderhorn. No , Es sungen drei Engel ← Es sungen drei Engel einen süssen Gesang Des Knaben Wunderhorn. No , Urlicht ← O Röschen rot
Symphony No in D minor
→ – / . Alto, women’s chorus, boys’ chorus, and orchestra. move- ments: Krä igt, Entschieden, Tempo di Menuetto. Sehr mässig, Co- modo. Scherzando. Ohne Hast, Sehr langsam. Misterioso. Durchaus ppp, . Lustig im Tempo und keck im Ausdruck, Langsam. Ruhevoll. Empfun- den. Key is D minor / D major. Revised in . For the solo version of the song in movt , see ‘O Mensch! Gib acht!’ below. ← Ein Sommermorgentraum. Pan
Symphony No in G major
→ / – / – . Soprano and orchestra. movements: Bedächtig. Nicht eilen, Ing gemächlicher Bewegung. Ohne Hast, Ruhevoll, Sehr be- haglich. For the solo version of the song in movt , see ‘Das himmlische Leben’ above.
O Mensch! Gib acht!
→ . Voice and piano. Text by F N ( – ). Solo version of the song in movt of symphony no . ← Wir genießen die himmlischen Freuden
Extant works
Revelge
→ . Voice and orchestra. Text om Des Knaben Wunderhorn. Arranged for voice and piano. Originally published in ‘Sieben Lieder aus letzter Zeit’ (Seven Songs of Latter Days) which also included the five Rückert songs below. ‘Revelge’ and ‘Der Tamboursg’sell’ replaced ‘Urlicht’ and ‘Es sungen drei Engel’ in Des Knaben Wunderhorn in . ← Der Morgens zwischen drei’n und vieren. ‘Reveille’. Sieben Lieder aus letzter Zeit
Der Tamboursg’sell
→ . Voice and orchestra. Text by Friedrich Rückert. Originally pub- lished in ‘Sieben Lieder aus letzter Zeit’ (Seven Songs of Latter Days) which also included the five Rückert songs below. ‘Revelge’ and ‘Der Tamboursg’sell’ replaced ‘Urlicht’ and ‘Es sungen drei Engel’ in Des Knaben Wunderhorn in . ← Ich armer Tamboursg’sell!. ‘The Drummer Boy’
Rückert-Lieder
→ . Voice and orchestra. Texts by F R . Originally published in ‘Sieben Lieder aus letzter Zeit’ (Seven Songs of Latter Days) which also included ‘Revelge’ above. Also arranged for voice and piano. ← Fünf Rückert Lieder. Sieben Lieder aus letzter Zeit. Songs a er Rückert Rückert-Lieder. No , Blicke mir nicht in die Lieder! → June . ← ‘Look not, love, on my work unended!’ Rückert-Lieder. No , Ich atmet’ einen linden Duft → July . ← ‘I breathed the breath of blossoms red’ Rückert-Lieder. No , Ich bin der Welt abhanden gekommen → August . ← ‘O garish world, long since thou hast lost me’
Rückert-Lieder. No , Um Mitternacht → Summer . ← ‘At midnight hour’ Rückert-Lieder. No , Liebst du um Schönheit → August . ← ‘Lov’st thou but beauty’
Kindertotenlieder
→ – . Voice and orchestra. Texts by Friedrich Rückert. Arranged for voice and piano. ← ‘Songs on the Death of Children’ Kindertotenlieder. No , Nun will die Sonn’ so hell afgeh’n → D minor ← ‘Now the sun wants to rise as brightly’ Kindertotenlieder. No , Nun seh’ ich wohl, warum so dunkle Flammen → C minor ← ‘Now I see well, why with such dark flames’ Kindertotenlieder. No , Wenn dein Mütterlein → C minor ← ‘When your mother’ Kindertotenlieder. No , Oft denk’ ich, sie sind nur ausgegangen! → E-flat major ← ‘I o en think, they have only just gone out’ Kindertotenlieder. No , In diesem Wetter, in diesem Braus → D minor / D major ← ‘In this weather’
Symphony No
→ – / / . movements: Trauermarsch. In gemessenem Schritt. Streng. Wie ein Kondukt, Stürcmisch bewegt, mit grösster Vehemenz, Scher- zo. Krä igt, nicht zu schnell, Adagietto. Sehr langsam, Rondo–Finale. Al-
Extant works legro – Allegro giocoso. Frisch. Key is C-shap minor / D-major, although Mahler did not want any key associated with this work. The symphony was first published in and slightly corrected in . This version was used in performances until when Mahler’s corrected version om was finally published for the first time. Symphony No . Adagietto → This slow movement is equently performed without the other movements and it enjoyed an increase in popularity a er being included in the sound- track of L V ’s ( – ) film Morte a Venezia (‘Death in Venice’). [ ]
Symphony No in A minor
→ – / . In movements: Allegro energico, ma non tropppo, Scherzo. Wuchtig, Andante moderato, Allegro moderato. ← Tragic. Die Tragische
Symphony No
→ – . In movements: Langsam (Adagio) – Allegro risoluto, ma non troppo, Nachtmusik. Allegro moderato, Scherzo. Schattenha , Nacht- musik. Andante amoroso, Rondo–Finale. Allegro ordinario – Allegro mod- erato ma energico. Key is not unambiguously E minor, but the symphony is nevertheless customarily said to be in E minor.[ ]. ← Lied der Nacht. Nachtmusik. Nocturne. Song of the Night
Symphony No in E-flat major
→ . Three sopranos, two altos, tenor, baritone, bass, boys’ chorus, mixed chorus, and orchestra. In two parts. ← Sinfonie der Tausend. Symphonie des Mille. Symphony of a Thousand Symphony No in E-flat major. Part , Hymnus: Veni, creator spiritus → Text is a th century Latin hymn Veni creator spiritus. Sections: Veni creator
Das Lied von der Erde spiritus – Imple superna gratia – Infirma nostri corporis – Allegro etwas hastig – Infirma nostri corporis – Accende lumen sensibus – Qui Paraclitus diceris – Gloria Patri Domino. ← ‘Come, Cretor Spirit’ Symphony No in E-flat major. Part , Schlusszene aus ‘Faust’ → Text by J W G , Faust. Der Tragödie zweiter Teil in fünf Akten. (‘Faust: The Second Part of the Tragedy’). A total of sections, of which , , and are instrumental [ ]. ← ‘Closing scene om “Faust” ’
Das Lied von der Erde
→ – . A symphony for tenor, alto or baritone, and orchestra. Texts by L B (or Li Po, – ), German translations by H B ( – ). Arranged for tenor, alto, and piano. ← ‘The Song of the Earth’
Das Lied von der Erde. No , Das Trinklied von Jammer der Erde ← Schon winkt der Wein im goldnen Pokale. ‘The Drinking Song of Earth’s Sorrow’ Das Lied von der Erde. No , Der Einsame im Herbst ← Herbstnebel wallen bläulich überm See. ‘The Solitary One in Autumn’ Das Lied von der Erde. No , Von der Jugend ← Mitten in dem kleinen Teiche. ‘Of Youth’ Das Lied von der Erde. No , Von der Schönheit ← Junge Mädchen pflücken Blumen. ‘Of Beauty’ Das Lied von der Erde. No , Der Trunkene im Frühling ← Wenn nur ein Traum das Leben ist. ‘The Drunkard in Spring’ Das Lied von der Erde. No , Der Abschied ← Die Sonne scheidet hinter dem Gebirge. ‘The Farewell’
Extant works
Symphony No
→ – . In four movements: Andante comodo, Im Tempo eines gemächlichen Ländlers, etwas täppisch und sehr derb, Rondo–Burleske. Al- legro assai, sehr trotzig, Adagio. Sehr langsam und noch zurückhaltend. Key is ambiguously D major / D-flat major [ ].
Symphony No in F-sharp major
→ . Le incomplete at Mahler’s death (only the first movement was completely orchestrated, but the entire symphony exists in dra score). In movements: Adagio, Scherzo, Purgatorio. Allegro moderato, Scherzo, Finale. Key is F-sharp minor / F-sharp major [ ]. The last versions of each movement are held in the Austrian National Library (Österreichische National- bibliotek) under the call numbers ÖNB Mus.Hs. / – . Symphony No in F-sharp major. Adagio Symphony No in F-sharp major. Scherzo Symphony No in F-sharp major. Purgatorio. Allegro moderato Symphony No in F-sharp major. Scherzo Symphony No in F-sharp major. Finale Symphony No in F-sharp major (Cooke II / III) → Completion by D C ( – ) has been widely used for performance and recordings. Three versions were made (I, II, and III). The first version was premièred on August at the Proms by the London Symphony Orchestra. Cooke was assisted by composers D M ( –) and C M ( –) in preparing the final version, which was published in . Other completions have been made by others.
Arrangements and Editions
During his duties as a conductor Mahler made several arrangements, and many rescorings of works by other composers. This section is incomplete and rather undetailed.
Weber: Die drei Pintos
→ – . Completion of an unfinished opera by C M W - . Compiled by Mahler om sketches, other small unknown compositions by Weber, and, to an extent, om his own music [ ]: . The result should be considered a collaboration today [ ].
Bach: Suite aus den Orchesterwerken
→ . An arrangement of three movements om J S B ’s Suite No in B minor, and and two movements om Suite No in D major, with continuo realised for harpsichord and organ. First performed by the New York Philharmonic Society in Carnegie Hall, New York on November with Mahler conducting om the harpsichord. [ ]. In four movements. ← Suite aus den Orchesterwerken mit ausge hrtem Continuo zum Konzertvor- trage bearbeitet von Gustav Mahler. Suite aus seinen Orchester-Werken. Suite om the Orchestral Works Suite aus den Orchesterwerken. No , Ouverture → Suite aus den Orchesterwerken. No , Rondeau und Badinerie → Suite aus den Orchesterwerken. No , Air → Suite aus den Orchesterwerken. No , Gavotte No. und →
Arrangements and Editions
Beethoven: Symphonies
→ Mahler slightly rescored several of L B ’s ( – ) symphonies for enlarged orchestras. These ‘retouchings’ (retuschen) are intended for perfomance in larger concert halls and also include extended parts for chromatic trumpets and horns which did not exist in Beethoven’s time. Published by Josef Weinberger Ltd [ ].
Symphony No in E-flat ‘Eroica’, Op. → Instrumentation: timp str. Symphony No in C minor, Op. → Instrumentation: timp str. Symphony No in A major, Op. → Instrumentation: timp str. Symphony No in D minor ‘Choral’, Op. → . Instrumentation: timp perc str. Discography: .
Beethoven: Leonore Overture, Op.
→ . . . (or . . . ) . . . timp str ( . . . . )
Leonore Overture No , Op. b Leonore Overture No , Op. c
Beethoven: String Quartet in F minor, Op.
→ Arrangement for string orchestra.
Schubert: String Quartet No , D.
→ Arrangement for string orchestra. ← Tod und das Mädchen. Death and the Maiden
Schubert: Symphony No 9, D. 944
Schubert: Symphony No , D.
→ Retouching for orchestra. timp str.
Bruckner: Symphony No
→ Arrangement for piano four hands, possibly with R. Krzyanowski [ ]: .
Lost Works
No juvenalia survive to this day. In Dutch conductor W M - ( – ) claimed that there was an archive of Mahler manuscripts in Dresden owned by Marion von Weber, who Mahler had been romantically involved with in the s. The manuscripts allegedly contained dra s of four early symphonies. Some historians cast doubt on these claims. In any case all manuscripts in the archive were most likely destroyed in the bombing of Dresden.
Herzog Ernst von Schwaben
→ – . Opera to a libretto by J S . Lost.
Piano Quintet
→ – . For piano and string quartet. Performed in Vienna in July [ ]. Lost.
Sonata
→ – . Violin and piano. Probably performed in September [ ]. Lost.
Suite
→ . Piano. Lost, but was performed [ ].
Die Argonauten
→ – . Opera to a libretto by Mahler and Josef Steiner. Lost.
Lost Works
Der Trompeter von Säckingen
→ . Orchestral music for a play by V S ( – ) [ ]: . Music mostly lost, except for the number ‘Ein Ständchen am Rhein’ which was used by Mahler in the original version of his first symphony as the movement ‘Blumine’. ← Der Trompeter von Säkkingen
Bibliography
[ ] C , J . Mahler: A Biography. New York: The Overlook Press, .
[ ] H , A , edr. The New Penguin Opera Guide. London: Penguin Books, .
[ ] P , H . Yhtenäistetty Gustav Mahler ( nd edn, web version . ). Helsinki: Suomen musiikkikirjastoyhdistys, .
[ ] S , G B. ‘Rewriting Bach, As Bach Rewrote Others’. The New York Times, February .
[ ] ‘Mahler Retuschen’. Josef Weinberger Ltd Website. Accessed May . https://www.josef-weinberger.com/concert-hire/mahler-retuschen.html.
Index
Auferstehungs-Symphonie, see Das Lied von der Erde, Symphony No in C Lieder eines fahrenden Gesellen, minor Lieder und Gesänge I, B , J S , II, B , L , III, B , L , IV, see Des Knaben B , H , Wunderhorn
C , D , , M , A , C , A , Maitanz im Grünen, Das himmlische Leben, M , C , Die drei Pintos, M , D , M , W , G , J W M , T , , Nachtmusik, see Symphony No Humoresken, see Des Knaben N , F , Wunderhorn O Mensch! Gib acht!, Im Lenz, Piano Quartet in A minor, Kindertotenlieder, Das klagende Lied, Resurrection Symphony, see K , F , Symphony No in C Des Knaben Wunderhorn, minor Revelge, L , R , R , F , , L B , Rückert-Lieder, Lied der Nacht, see Symphony No S , V ,
Index
Sinfonie der Tausend, see W , C M , Symphony No in E-flat Winterlied, major Song of the Night, see Symphony No Songs of a Wayfarer, see Lieder eines fahrenden Gesellen S , J , S , L , Suite aus den Orchesterwerken, Symphony No in D major, No in C minor, No in D minor, No in G major, No , No in A minor, No , No in E-flat major, No , No in F-sharp major, Symphony of a Thousand, see Symphony No in E-flat major
Der Tamboursg’sell, Titan, see Symphony No in D major Todtenfeier, see Symphony No in C minor Tragic, Die Tragische, see Symphony No Der Trompeter von Säckingen,
V , L ,
Published by Edition Mikko Korhonen http://www.student.oulu.fi/~mkorhone18/