DOCSLIB.ORG

Metabolomics of Metformin's Cardioprotective Effect in Acute

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Metabolomics of Metformin's Cardioprotective Effect in Acute Sys Rev Pharm 2021;12(3):100-109 A multifaceted revieMw jouernatl ian thbe fioeld lofophamrmaciycs Of Metformin's Cardioprotective Effect In Acute Doxorubicin Induced- Cardiotoxicity In Rats Lubna Zuhair Abdul Karim *, Inam Sameh Arif **, Fouad A. Al Saady *** *Pharmacist, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Mustansiriyah University, M.Sc. program, Iraq. **Assist.Prof., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Mustansiriyah University, Iraq. *** Assist. Prof., Department of pharmaceutical chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Mustansiriyah University, Iraq. Corresponding author: Lubna Zuhair Abdul Karim *e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Doxorubicin (DOX) is a powerful anticancer agent with sever cardiotoxic side Keywords: metabolomics, cardiotoxicity, doxorubicin, cardioprotection, effect which limits the clinical use. Metformin (MET) is antihyperglycemic drug metformin. with potential cardioprotective effect via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) (increases fatty acid oxidation, decreases the production of ROS, maintaining Correspondence: energy homeostasis and apoptosis). Metabolomics technology deals with Lubna Zuhair Abdul Karim systematic study of chemical fingerprints of metabolite profiles. Different *Pharmacist, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, metabolic processes can be identified which will give information of any change Mustansiriyah University, M.Sc. program, Iraq. in the metabolic profile of tissues as well as of biofluids after drug administration. This research designed to investigate MET cardioprotective effect against acute cardiotoxicity induced by DOX using metabolomics technology. Methods: Twenty *Corresponding author: Lubna Zuhair Abdul Karim email-address: four adult male wistar rats divided into four groups (6 animals each): control [email protected] group (saline, i.p.); MET group (300mg/kg/day for 7dayes) by gavage; DOX group (20 mg/kg,i.p.) for acute induction of cardiotoxicity; Met + DOX group received DOX (20mg/kg i.p.) and Met (300 mg/kg/day, for 7 days, starting five days prior to DOX treatment) orally with gavage. Assessment of heart tissue metabolomics, serum MDA and GSH in addition to trichrome stain. Results: The results showed that pretreatment with MET (MET+DOX) significantly (p<0.05) reduced the level of acetic acid, cholesterol, palmitic acid, phosphoric acid, pyruvic acid, stearic acid, glucose, myo-inositol, alanine, lysine, and proline. Also, the level of arachidonic acid, hydroxybutyric acid, lactic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, oxalic acid, propionic acid, and galactose reduced after pretreatment with MET (MET+DOX). Additionally, (MET +DOX) resulted in significant decrease (p<0.05) in the level of serum MDA as well as significant (p<0.05) increase in serum GSH levels. In addition to significantly decreased collagen fiber production. Conclusion: It can be concluded that MET improved cardiac structure and function, as well as the metabolism of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity group, as it reduced the level of biomarkers associated with cardiotoxicity including (arachidonic, linoleic, oleic, acetic, stearic) acids, cholesterol ,leucine, glucose, mannose, myoinositol as well as hydroxybutyric acid. This indicates that MET induced a metabolic alterations, including the promotion of glycogenolysis, glycolysis, amino acid utilization and antioxidation. Additionally, MET improving energy metabolism and attenuating oxidative stress through suppression of serum MDA and increase the level of GSH as well as decrease fibrosis and structural changes. INTRODUCTION carbohydrates absorption, improving glucose peripheral Doxorubicin (DOX), is potent Satnrteipctaonmceyrcesdrug from u(7p,8)take and utilization and enhanced insulin sensitivity anthracycline(1f,2a)mily, have limited use because of its . It is approved to be effective in states associate(9d) with cardiotoxicity . It derived from bacteria, a insulin resistance, like polycystic ovary(1s0y) ndrome , also highly effective antitumor drug used for treatment it considered as an anticancer drug . Furthermore, different cancers like solid tumors, soft tissue sarcoma there are reports indicate (t2h)(1a1t) MET increases life span, and hematological malignancies, but its organs toxiciti(e3)s also it improves gut flora . MET produce its effects (cardio-, nephro-, and hepatotoxicity) limits its use . through (12,A13M) PK dependent and independent Cardiotoxicity induced by DOX is recognized by acute pathways . It is reported that this drug have cardiac dysfunction, chronic cardiomyopathy and finally cardioprotective effects in both hyperglycemic and lead to congestive heart failure (HF). There is different normoglycemic subjects. Models of experimental animal kinds of molecular mechanisms like oxidative stress, of isolated heart failure and myocardial infarction have inhibition of topoisomerase type II beta, alteration in shown that MET increases myocardium tolerance to energetics of mitochondria, the synthesis of protein and ischemic – reperfusion injury, decreases HF development nucleic acid inhibited, apoptosis induction, interaction after infraction by improving left ventricular ejection directly with the actin–myosin contractile proteins, fraction, improves the outcomes of patients with hypothesis of anthracycline metabolite, platelet activating advanced sy(s1t4o,1l5i)c HF and it may decrease DM factor, intracellular calcium, prostaglandin alterations complications .Through AMPK activation, MET able and etc., but the metabolic mechanism that occur and to reduce reactive oxygen specious (ROS)generation in cause toxicity has not yet been fully identified. Cellular animal models associated with HF, and protects energet(i4c–s6)have a critical role in cardiomyopathy induced myocardial cells from oxidative stress which is induced by DOX . by TNFα and H2O2, accordingly, MET act as antioxidant Metformin (MET) is an oral antihyperglycemic agent, agent and it have the ability to decrease lipid from biguanide family, widely used for diabetes peroxidation. These cardioprotection and antioxidant mellitus(DM) type 2 patients. It decrease intestinal 100 Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy Vol 12, Issue 3, Mar-Apr 2021 Metabolomics Of Metformin's Cardioprotective Effect In Acute Doxorubicin Induced- Cardiotoxicity In Rats Sample collection and preparation: properties suggest that ME(1T6,17a)ble to provide protection At the end of the against DOX- cardiotoxicity . experiment, the rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal Metabolomics is systematic study of chemical administ(r30a)tion of 50 mg/kg ketamine and 5 mg/kg fingerprints of small-molecules complement xylazine . Blood samples were collected directly from (quantitatively and qualitatively) with in the biological the R(e31tr) o-orbital center by using heparinized capillary system (culture supernatants, cells, tissues, and body tubes , centrifuged at 2500x for 15 minutes for serum fluids) which is also called metabolom, or metabolite separation. The serum stored at -80°C for ELISA analysis. profiles. These metaboloms are associated with a variety After getting the blood sample, the heart is immediately of metab(o18l,i1c9) processes present in a cell, organ, or removed and washed with tap water then distilled water organism . Metabolomics is a developing method for and rapidly stored in liquid nitrogen. Small portion of the a particular phenotyping of the endogenous and heart tissue kept in 10% buffered neutral formalin to exogenous metabolite (usually, they are considered as prepare paraffin embedded blocks for histopathological cellular metabolic intermediates and products of (20l–e2s2)s Cdiaargdnioascism. etabolomics than 1 kDa in size) within a biological samples . Extraction of metabolomics: Metabolomics measures the response to perturbations like those related to the early diagnosis of d(2i3s–e2a5)se and for Exettraaclt.ion of metabolites the development and discovery of drugs . It gives from left ventricle of the heart tissue were done by the quantifiable information about body biochemi(c26a)l method described by Gregor (32) (2012) using a conditions in diseased and normal states . chloroform-methanol procedure . The stored heart Metabolomics aims to evaluate molecules having tissues were thawed at room temperature for 5 minutes differen(t24)physical properties such as, difference in then ~100 mg of left ventricle heart tissue crashed and polarity . Metabolomics has been conducted to analyze homogenized in 600 μL chloroform: methanol (1:2) DOX related toxicity biomarkers. Now, it is recognized as previously cooled , using ceramic mortar and pestle then a technique widely used to advance the toxicology, also it further pulverized in tissue homogenizer. Two hundred become a significant method in study the mechanism(2o7)f microliters of chloroform and then 200 μL deionized drugs that induce toxicity in metabolic level . water (HPLC grade) was added to each sample. Samples Metabolomics may identify cardiotoxicity early(2m) arkers, were vortexed for 10 seconds, then centrifuged for 20 and cardioprotective agents can be developed . Serum minutes at 4000 rpm in 4°C. The upper layer separated biomarkers such as cardiac troponin T, do not reflect and dried in a fume hood under a stream of nitrogen gas. specifically the damage that occur in myocardium. All extracted samples were stored at −20 ºC until Therefore, new b(i2o8)markers are needed for cardiac Dreeqruiivraetdi.zation of myocardium extracts: damage evaluation
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Malonic Acid
    SIGMA-ALDRICH sigma-aldrich.com Material Safety Data Sheet Version 4.1 Revision Date 09/20/2012 Print Date 03/13/2014 1. PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION Product name : Malonic acid Product Number : M1296 Brand : Sigma-Aldrich Supplier : Sigma-Aldrich 3050 Spruce Street SAINT LOUIS MO 63103 USA Telephone : +1 800-325-5832 Fax : +1 800-325-5052 Emergency Phone # (For : (314) 776-6555 both supplier and manufacturer) Preparation Information : Sigma-Aldrich Corporation Product Safety - Americas Region 1-800-521-8956 2. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION Emergency Overview OSHA Hazards Toxic by inhalation., Harmful by ingestion., Irritant GHS Classification Acute toxicity, Inhalation (Category 5) Acute toxicity, Oral (Category 4) Skin irritation (Category 3) Serious eye damage (Category 1) GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements Pictogram Signal word Danger Hazard statement(s) H302 Harmful if swallowed. H316 Causes mild skin irritation. H318 Causes serious eye damage. H333 May be harmful if inhaled. Precautionary statement(s) P280 Wear protective gloves/ eye protection/ face protection. P305 + P351 + P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. HMIS Classification Health hazard: 2 Flammability: 1 Physical hazards: 0 NFPA Rating Health hazard: 2 Fire: 1 Sigma-Aldrich - M1296 Page 1 of 7 Reactivity Hazard: 0 Potential Health Effects Inhalation Toxic if inhaled. Causes respiratory tract irritation. Skin Harmful if absorbed through skin. Causes skin irritation. Eyes Causes eye irritation. Ingestion Harmful if swallowed. 3. COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS Synonyms : Propanedioic acid Formula : C3H4O4 Molecular Weight : 104.06 g/mol Component Concentration Malonic acid CAS-No.
    [Show full text]
  • Step Formation Constants of Some Malonato Lanthanide Chelate Species Marvin Lee Adolphson Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1969 Step formation constants of some malonato lanthanide chelate species Marvin Lee Adolphson Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Physical Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Adolphson, Marvin Lee, "Step formation constants of some malonato lanthanide chelate species " (1969). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 3809. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/3809 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 70-13,563 ADOLPHSON, Marvin Lee, 1941- STEP FORMATION CONSTANTS OF SOME MÀLONATO LANTHANIDE CHELATE SPECIES. Iowa State University, Ph.D., 1969 Chemistiy, physical University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED STEP FORMATION CONSTANTS OF SOME MALONATO LANTHANIDE CHELATE SPECIES by Marvin Lee Adolphson A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major Subject: Physical Chemistry Approved; Signature was redacted for privacy. In/Charge of Major Work Signature was redacted for privacy. Signature was redacted for privacy. Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 1969 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION 1 COMPUTATIONS 4 EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS 15 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 35 DISCUSSION 56 SUMMARY 88 BIBLIOGRAPHY 89 ACKNOWLEDGMENT S 94 APPENDIX 95 1 INTRODUCTION The motivations for this research were fourfold.
    [Show full text]
  • Crystallization of Malonic and Succinic Acids on Sams: Toward the General Mechanism of Oriented Nucleation on Organic Monolayers†
    pubs.acs.org/Langmuir © 2009 American Chemical Society Crystallization of Malonic and Succinic Acids on SAMs: Toward the General Mechanism of Oriented Nucleation on Organic Monolayers† Boaz Pokroy,‡ Victoria Fay Chernow, and Joanna Aizenberg* School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138. ‡ Current address: Department of Materials Engineering, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel. Received July 25, 2009. Revised Manuscript Received September 2, 2009 Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) were shown to induce very specific oriented growth of simple organic and inorganic crystals. Here we present a detailed study of the mechanism by which SAMs control the oriented nucleation by examining a more complex case of crystallization of bifunctional organic molecules. Malonic and succinic acids were grown on the SAMs of HS(CH2)10CO2H and HS(CH2)11CO2H supported on gold films. Each SAM induced a very controlled, specific orientation of the crystals. The preferred nucleating planes always exhibited an alignment of one of the carboxylic acid groups in the molecules of the growing crystal with the carboxylic acid groups on the surface of the SAMs. These results suggest that the translation of the structural information through the interface occurs by stereochemical registry such that the functional groups in the SAM play the role of an oriented surrogate layer for the nucleating crystal. These findings are very important to the understanding of the underlying principles by which various organic surfaces;and most probably also biological templates;control the crystallization process. Introduction templates to control the formation of both organic and inorganic An understanding of crystal nucleation and growth and the materials.
    [Show full text]
  • APPENDIX G Acid Dissociation Constants
    harxxxxx_App-G.qxd 3/8/10 1:34 PM Page AP11 APPENDIX G Acid Dissociation Constants §␮ ϭ 0.1 M 0 ؍ (Ionic strength (␮ † ‡ † Name Structure* pKa Ka pKa ϫ Ϫ5 Acetic acid CH3CO2H 4.756 1.75 10 4.56 (ethanoic acid) N ϩ H3 ϫ Ϫ3 Alanine CHCH3 2.344 (CO2H) 4.53 10 2.33 ϫ Ϫ10 9.868 (NH3) 1.36 10 9.71 CO2H ϩ Ϫ5 Aminobenzene NH3 4.601 2.51 ϫ 10 4.64 (aniline) ϪO SNϩ Ϫ4 4-Aminobenzenesulfonic acid 3 H3 3.232 5.86 ϫ 10 3.01 (sulfanilic acid) ϩ NH3 ϫ Ϫ3 2-Aminobenzoic acid 2.08 (CO2H) 8.3 10 2.01 ϫ Ϫ5 (anthranilic acid) 4.96 (NH3) 1.10 10 4.78 CO2H ϩ 2-Aminoethanethiol HSCH2CH2NH3 —— 8.21 (SH) (2-mercaptoethylamine) —— 10.73 (NH3) ϩ ϫ Ϫ10 2-Aminoethanol HOCH2CH2NH3 9.498 3.18 10 9.52 (ethanolamine) O H ϫ Ϫ5 4.70 (NH3) (20°) 2.0 10 4.74 2-Aminophenol Ϫ 9.97 (OH) (20°) 1.05 ϫ 10 10 9.87 ϩ NH3 ϩ ϫ Ϫ10 Ammonia NH4 9.245 5.69 10 9.26 N ϩ H3 N ϩ H2 ϫ Ϫ2 1.823 (CO2H) 1.50 10 2.03 CHCH CH CH NHC ϫ Ϫ9 Arginine 2 2 2 8.991 (NH3) 1.02 10 9.00 NH —— (NH2) —— (12.1) CO2H 2 O Ϫ 2.24 5.8 ϫ 10 3 2.15 Ϫ Arsenic acid HO As OH 6.96 1.10 ϫ 10 7 6.65 Ϫ (hydrogen arsenate) (11.50) 3.2 ϫ 10 12 (11.18) OH ϫ Ϫ10 Arsenious acid As(OH)3 9.29 5.1 10 9.14 (hydrogen arsenite) N ϩ O H3 Asparagine CHCH2CNH2 —— —— 2.16 (CO2H) —— —— 8.73 (NH3) CO2H *Each acid is written in its protonated form.
    [Show full text]
  • A Previously Undescribed Pathway for Pyrimidine Catabolism
    A previously undescribed pathway for pyrimidine catabolism Kevin D. Loh*†, Prasad Gyaneshwar*‡, Eirene Markenscoff Papadimitriou*§, Rebecca Fong*, Kwang-Seo Kim*, Rebecca Parales¶, Zhongrui Zhouʈ, William Inwood*, and Sydney Kustu*,** *Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, 111 Koshland Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102; ¶Section of Microbiology, 1 Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; and ʈCollege of Chemistry, 8 Lewis Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1460 Contributed by Sydney Kustu, January 19, 2006 The b1012 operon of Escherichia coli K-12, which is composed of tive N sources. Here we present evidence that the b1012 operon seven unidentified ORFs, is one of the most highly expressed codes for proteins that constitute a previously undescribed operons under control of nitrogen regulatory protein C. Examina- pathway for pyrimidine degradation and thereby confirm the tion of strains with lesions in this operon on Biolog Phenotype view of Simaga and Kos (8, 9) that E. coli K-12 does not use either MicroArray (PM3) plates and subsequent growth tests indicated of the known pathways. that they failed to use uridine or uracil as the sole nitrogen source and that the parental strain could use them at room temperature Results but not at 37°C. A strain carrying an ntrB(Con) mutation, which Behavior on Biolog Phenotype MicroArray Plates. We tested our elevates transcription of genes under nitrogen regulatory protein parental strain NCM3722 and strains with mini Tn5 insertions in C control, could also grow on thymidine as the sole nitrogen several genes of the b1012 operon on Biolog (Hayward, CA) source, whereas strains with lesions in the b1012 operon could not.
    [Show full text]
  • Experiment 2: Two Step Synthesis of Ethyl 4-Methoxycinnamate
    Experiment 2: Two step synthesis of ethyl 4-methoxycinnamate Background Why is ethyl 4-methoxycinnamate (1) interesting? First, it is the analog of octyl 4-methoxycinnamate (2), a UV light blocker found in Bain de Soleil All Day Sunblock and Coppertone Sport. The derivatives of 4-methoxycinnamic acid absorb UVB radiation due to their high level of conjugation. They are also oil soluble. UVB radiation promotes dermal cell DNA damage causing skin cancer. Octyl 4-methoxycinnamate is used in sunscreen over ethyl 4-methoxycinnamate because of its higher molar absorptivity ε and its greater lipophilicity. O R O O R = -CH3CH3 ethyl 4-methoxycinnamate (1) R = octyl 4-methoxycinnamate (2) Figure 1: Derivatives of 4-methoxycinnamic acid Second, a two step synthesis is put forth so that you can practice multi-step synthesis using a variety of laboratory techniques before diving into Honors Cup. Step 1 is the Verley-Doebner modification of the Knoevenagel condensation.1 The Knoevenagel condensation reaction dates from 1896 and is a facile one-step method of forming new carbon- carbon bonds under mild reaction conditions. It utilizes a weak amine base such as piperidine to initially form an enolate anion derived from a 1,3-dicarbonyl compound. The enolate subsequently acts as a nucleophile in the condensation with another carbonyl compound. This carbonyl is often an aldehyde and the reaction mechanism bears striking similarity to that of the aldol condensation. The isolated product is generally an α,β-conjugated carboxylic acid, formed via ready dehydration of the intermediate β-hydroxydicarbonyl compound and subsequent saponification and decarboxylation.
    [Show full text]
  • Production of Malonic Acid Through the Fermentation of Glucose
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Senior Design Reports (CBE) Engineering 4-20-2018 Production of Malonic Acid through the Fermentation of Glucose Emily P. Peters University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Gabrielle J. Schlakman University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Elise N. Yang University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/cbe_sdr Part of the Biochemical and Biomolecular Engineering Commons Peters, Emily P.; Schlakman, Gabrielle J.; and Yang, Elise N., "Production of Malonic Acid through the Fermentation of Glucose" (2018). Senior Design Reports (CBE). 107. https://repository.upenn.edu/cbe_sdr/107 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/cbe_sdr/107 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Production of Malonic Acid through the Fermentation of Glucose Abstract The overall process to produce malonic acid has not drastically changed in the past 50 years. The current process is damaging to the environment and costly, requiring high market prices. Lygos, Inc., a lab in Berkeley, California, has published a patent describing a way to produce malonic acid through the biological fermentation of genetically modified easty cells. This proposed technology is appealing as it is both better for the environment and economically friendly. For the process discussed in this report, genetically modified Pichia Kudriavzevii yeast cells will be purchased from the Lygos lab along with the negotiation of exclusive licensing rights to the technology. The cells will be grown in fermentation vessels, while being constantly fed oxygen, glucose and fermentation media. The cells will excrete malonic acid in the 101 hour fermentation process.
    [Show full text]
  • Ion Association in Aqueous Solutions Op Some Bi
    ION ASSOCIATION IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OP SOME BI-BIVALENT METAL SALTS . A Thesis submitted to the University of London for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy b y Robert.Hefin Jones* August 1957 * ProQuest Number: 10804693 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10804693 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 Abstract • The work of Davies' and. his co-workers provides ample evidence of ion-association in aqueous solutions of bi-bivalent metal salts* In the work described in this Thesis* this association has been investigated in aqueous solutions of bivalent metal salts of the acids COOH.(CHg)^.00011 • The methods available for determining the dissociation constants of these salts are reviewed, and three of them are discussed in detail* Section 1 * Stock and Davies showed that for a solution containing a standard concentration of a sulphone-phthalein ! indicator, equality of indicator colour denotes equality of the function fg(H+ ). This fact has been utilised in the determination
    [Show full text]
  • Safety Data Sheet According to 29CFR1910/1200 and GHS Rev
    Safety Data Sheet according to 29CFR1910/1200 and GHS Rev. 3 Effective date : 01.20.2015 Page 1 of 7 Malonic Acid SECTION 1 : Identification of the substance/mixture and of the supplier Product name : Malonic Acid Manufacturer/Supplier Trade name: Manufacturer/Supplier Article number: S25416 Recommended uses of the product and uses restrictions on use: Manufacturer Details: AquaPhoenix Scientific 9 Barnhart Drive, Hanover, PA 17331 Supplier Details: Fisher Science Education 15 Jet View Drive, Rochester, NY 14624 Emergency telephone number: Fisher Science Education Emergency Telephone No.: 800-535-5053 SECTION 2 : Hazards identification Classification of the substance or mixture: Irritant Acute toxicity (oral, dermal, inhalation), category 4 Corrosive Serious eye damage, category 1 AcTox Oral. 4 Eye Damage. 1 Signal word :Danger Hazard statements: Harmful if swallowed Causes serious eye damage Precautionary statements: If medical advice is needed, have product container or label at hand Keep out of reach of children Read label before use Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product Wash skin thoroughly after handling IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician IF SWALLOWED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting Dispose of contents and container to an approved waste disposal plant Created by Global Safety Management, Inc. -Tel: 1-813-435-5161 - www.gsmsds.com Safety Data Sheet according to 29CFR1910/1200 and GHS Rev.
    [Show full text]
  • Dissociation Constants of Organic Acids and Bases
    DISSOCIATION CONSTANTS OF ORGANIC ACIDS AND BASES This table lists the dissociation (ionization) constants of over pKa + pKb = pKwater = 14.00 (at 25°C) 1070 organic acids, bases, and amphoteric compounds. All data apply to dilute aqueous solutions and are presented as values of Compounds are listed by molecular formula in Hill order. pKa, which is defined as the negative of the logarithm of the equi- librium constant K for the reaction a References HA H+ + A- 1. Perrin, D. D., Dissociation Constants of Organic Bases in Aqueous i.e., Solution, Butterworths, London, 1965; Supplement, 1972. 2. Serjeant, E. P., and Dempsey, B., Ionization Constants of Organic Acids + - Ka = [H ][A ]/[HA] in Aqueous Solution, Pergamon, Oxford, 1979. 3. Albert, A., “Ionization Constants of Heterocyclic Substances”, in where [H+], etc. represent the concentrations of the respective Katritzky, A. R., Ed., Physical Methods in Heterocyclic Chemistry, - species in mol/L. It follows that pKa = pH + log[HA] – log[A ], so Academic Press, New York, 1963. 4. Sober, H.A., Ed., CRC Handbook of Biochemistry, CRC Press, Boca that a solution with 50% dissociation has pH equal to the pKa of the acid. Raton, FL, 1968. 5. Perrin, D. D., Dempsey, B., and Serjeant, E. P., pK Prediction for Data for bases are presented as pK values for the conjugate acid, a a Organic Acids and Bases, Chapman and Hall, London, 1981. i.e., for the reaction 6. Albert, A., and Serjeant, E. P., The Determination of Ionization + + Constants, Third Edition, Chapman and Hall, London, 1984. BH H + B 7. Budavari, S., Ed., The Merck Index, Twelth Edition, Merck & Co., Whitehouse Station, NJ, 1996.
    [Show full text]
  • Malonic Acid: a B Ioadvantaged Chemical
    MALONIC ACID: A BIOADVANTAGED CHEMICAL Dr. Jeffrey Dietrich, Lygos CTO LYGOS’ FIRST PRODUCT: MALONIC ACID have low tolerance for acids and grow poorly at low pH. Malonic acid is a C3-dicarboxylic acid currently used This feature brings distinct benefits when producing as an intermediate in the synthesis of numerous chemicals at industrial scales as it provides a route to flavors/fragrances and pharmaceuticals. While capable of mitigate the risk of microbial contamination. The challenge being used in a wider variety of applications, demand has is that the microbe we are using to produce the organic acid been held back by malonic acid’s high cost and must be able to grow at low pH. The most commonly used environmentally hazardous production process. At Lygos microbes in industry and academia, E. coli and S. we are developing a microbial process to produce malonic cerevisiae (brewer’s yeast), grow at neutral pH and are not acid. We outline here why we find malonic acid to be an well suited for producing these products. ideal chemical to produce biologically from both economic At Lygos, we exclusively develop acid-tolerant yeast and technical perspectives. and fungi. We have developed a suite of molecular biology tools and protocols necessary to engineer these microbes, providing us with a competitive advantage as we optimize LOWER SUGAR COSTS our microbes for improved performance. The petrochemical industry is based on raw material inputs (e.g., methane, C2-C4 linear hydrocabrons, naptha, BIOADVANTAGED CHEMICALS etc.) comprised near exclusively by hydrogen and carbon. In contrast, industrial biotechnology processes generally In short, bioadvantaged chemicals are those where the use sugar as the raw material; here, over half the mass is petroleum industry cannot compete with biology, where comprised by oxygen.
    [Show full text]
  • Approach and Synthesis of Strychnos Alkaloids
    N° d'ordre : 4155 THÈSE Présentée à L'UNIVERSITÉ BORDEAUX I ÉCOLE DOCTORALE DES SCIENCES CHIMIQUES par Dawood Hosni DAWOOD POUR OBTENIR LE GRADE DE DOCTEUR SPÉCIALITÉ : CHIMIE ORGANIQUE ********************* TOWARDS THE SYNTHESIS OF MONOTERPENOIDS INDOLE ALKALOIDS OF THE ASPIDOSPERMATAN AND STRYCHNAN TYPE ********************* Soutenue le: 17 décembre 2010 Après avis de: MM. PIVA Olivier Professeur, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Rapporteur PALE Patrick Professeur, Louis Pasteur Strasbourg 1 Rapporteur Devant la commission d'examen formée de : MM. PIVA Olivier Professeur, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Rapporteur PALE Patrick Professeur, Louis Pasteur Strasbourg 1 Rapporteur POISSON Jean-François Chargé de recherche, CNRS Examinateur VINCENT Jean-Marc Directeur de recherche, CNRS Examinateur LANDAIS Yannick Professeur, Bordeaux 1 Directeur de thèse ROBERT Frédéric Chargé de recherche, CNRS Codirecteur de thèse - 2010 - Abbreviations ∆: reflux °C: celsius degrees Ac: acetyle ALB Aluminium Lithium bis(binaphthoxide) complex AIBN : azobis(isobutyronitrile) aq.: aqueous Ar : aromatic BINAP : 2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyle BINAPO : 2-diphenylphosphino-2'-diphenylphosphinyl-1,1'-binaphthalene BINOL: 1,1’-bi-2-naphthol Boc: tert-butyloxycarbonyle BOX: Bisoxazoline Bz : benzoyle Bn: benzyle cat. : catalytic DBU: 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene DCM: dichloromethane DCC: dicyclohexacarbodiimide dr.: diastereomeric ratio DIBAL-H: diisobutylaluminium hydride DIPEA: diisopropyléthylamine (Hünig Base) DMAP: dimethylaminopyridine DME: dimethoxyethane
    [Show full text]