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Kommentare Zu Kodierungen Der AGE AGE GA EA GA OWC FE6 EA-Nr. 943 Atlas-Nr. 943 Weitere Namen k.A. Stellvertreter für k.A. Land (Untersuchungsort) GHANA Länder (Verbreitungsgebiete mit demographischen Angaben) 78000 Ga / Benin Quellenangaben nach Murdock Daniell, W.F. 1856. On the Ethnography of Akkrah and Adampé. Journ. Ethnol. Soc. London. 4: 1-32. Field, M. J. 1937. Religion and Medicine of the Ga People. London. ____ 1940. Social Organization of teh Ga People. London. Manoukian, M. 1950. Akan and Ga-Adangme Peoples of the Gold Coast. London. Zusätzliche Quellen Area Handbook for Ghana. 1971. Washington. Baumann, H. 1979. Die Völker Afrikas und ihre traditionellen Kulturen. Wiesbaden. Elwert, G. 1973. Wirtschaft und Herrschaft von Daxome im 18. Jahrhundert. München. Anmerkungen zur analytischen Grundeinheit (AGE) L: 6N, longitude of Greenwich. T: 1930. B: V, 332. zur Untersuchungseinheit: Manoukian (1950:67): "The Ga-speaking people are not a single group either by tradition or in organization. Each 'town' consists of the descendants of one or more parties of immigrants and of the aborigines among whom these immigrants settled more or less peacefully wherever there was vacant territory. Ga in Benin: Elwert (1973:16): "Die Ga stammen ursprünglich aus der Gegend des heutigen Accra, haben sich aber soziokulturell und sprachlich an ihre Nachbarn angepasst". Baumann (1979/2:374): "... Sprachinseln, etwa die Existenz eines Ga-Dialektes (des Mina) in Klein-Popo (Dahome), wohin sich im 16. Jh. Ga aus der Goldküste ... flüchteten." Varia Sprachliche Ähnlichkeit zu Adangme: Manoukian (1950:66): "The linguistic evidence, which is supported by their own oral traditions, suggests that these two groups of peoples are of the same stock. They say that, under the pressure from a proselytizing Fulani, Dafoleo, they came from Northern Nigeria into the La Adangme plains and that the ancestors of the Ga-speaking section then broke away." Religion: Manoukian (1950:94): "A marked feature of Ga culture is religious tolerance and respect for other people's gods; in each Ga 'town' there are a large number of different cults (...) The cult of the ancestors is one in which all the Ga-speaking people take part and it appears to play an important role in the preservation of custom (...)." Kommentare zu Kodierungen der AGE Verzeichnis der von Murdock kommentierten Variablen 11,12, 19,20, 73,75 Neukodierungen und ersetzte Missing Data 31, 44, 46, 48, 50, 56, 62, 65,74, 75, 76, Handel / Götzö Kommentare (Quellennachweis nach: L=Literatur, F=Feldforschung, R=Rating) V 11,12: But most married women continue to reside in their natal household. V 19,20: But Daniell reports matrilineal exogamy. V 31: Manoukian (1950:66): "The Ga 'towns' (in Gold Coast usage, places which have a stool) from west to east are: Accra, Osu, Labadi, Teshi, Nungwa, and Temma. Each owns a strip of territory streching northwards for distances varying between twenty and seventy miles. Each 'town' has associated with it a number of farming hamlets colonized by members of the 'town'. Accra also has a long string of fishing villages streching for eight miles along the sand to the west. (...) Each Ga 'town' is an independent political unit (...)." V 43/ Zusatzzitat: Manoukian (1950:73): "However, this emphasis on patrilineal descend is modified in that succession of offices held by women and inheritance of women's property go in the female line. This may be due to the influence of the matrilineal institutions of the neighbouring Akan peoples." V 44,46,48,50: Manoukian (1950:72): "The Ga standard of craftsmanship is today very low. Fishermen look after their nets and tackle with great skill and pride, but this is exceptional. A great many articles of daily use come from outside the country (...)." V 60/ Korrektur: Manoukian (1950:71): "FISHING, formerly confined to streams and lagoons, has been extended, under Fanti tuition, to the sea with the aid of large hand-nets used from canoes. The captain of a fishing-boat is usually its owner, (..) some boats are owned by women who put a male relative in charge. Relatives are preferred for the crew of four or five. (...) Curing and marketing are done by women and it is a wife's duty to trade fish for her husband. Unmarried men entrust their catch to their sister or mother. Fishwives also trade on their own account." V 64/ Korrektur: Manoukian (1950:71): "All married and many unmarried men have their own food-farms. Neighbours and kinsmen help each other in clearing. A wive has no obligation to hlep on the farm but she often does assist in clearing, planting and harvesting. It is, however, her duty to market and exchange farm produce for her husband, giving him a stipulated sum for the goods; she is free to keep any excess she can make. Most women have their own farms and trees, usually inherited from their mothers. They are solely responsible for working these and cannot demand help from any man, though a husband or brother Seite 1 GA - GHANA often does clearing and heavier work in exchange for part of the produce." V 73,75: But Daniell reports 3, 4. V 74,75,76: Manoukian (1950:75): "All the lineage members meet to decide the distribution of property of a deceased member. There are no rigid rules of inheritance but there are are practices which the elders may modify in any way they think fit. For purposes of both inheritance and succession the sons of brothers count as one set of brothers and the daughters of sisters as one set of sisters. (a) Men's rights and property. All goods and rights are inherited by the eldest surviving brother and so on in order of seniority by age. (...) (b) Women's rights and property. Land, boats etc. belonging to a woman, and returns from these, are divided between her sisters and all her childern, sons and daughters being treated equally." Handel: Manoukian (1950:72): "All trading, except that initiated by foreigners, is carried on by women. Besides trading her husband's goods every woman carries on some sort of trade on her own accaount (...)." Seite 2 AGE GADDI EA GADDI OWC keine EA-Nr. keine Atlas-Nr. 1431 Weitere Namen k.A. Stellvertreter für k.A. Land (Untersuchungsort) INDIA Länder (Verbreitungsgebiete mit demographischen Angaben) 58000 Gaddi/India, Himachal Pradesh Quellenangaben nach Murdock Zusätzliche Quellen Noble, C. 1987. Over the High Passes. London. ZB: GR 3821. Shashi, S.S. 1979. The Nomads of the Himalayas. ZB: FR 2954. Bose, N. K. 1973. Some Indian Tribes. ESZ: AW 401. Crooke, W. 1974. The Tribes and Castes of the North Western India. Delhi ESZ: AW 416 2. Anmerkungen zur analytischen Grundeinheit (AGE) "They [the Gaddi] are often regarded as a subcast of Ghosis…In the Punjab there are two quite distinct classes of people known by this name - the Muslemân Gaddis of these Provinces, and a hill tribe inhabiting the mountain range between Kangra and Chamba" (Crooke 1974:370). (Die Kodierung bezieht sich ausschliesslich auf die Bergethnie.) Varia k.A. Kommentare zu Kodierungen der AGE Verzeichnis der von Murdock kommentierten Variablen k.A. Neukodierungen und ersetzte Missing Data Neukodierung / Hofmann 1991 Kommentare (Quellennachweis nach: L=Literatur, F=Feldforschung, R=Rating) V 1/L: Noble (1987: 79) V 2/L: Noble (1987: 79) V 3/L: Noble (1987: 79) V 4/L: Noble (1987: 79): "It seems to me they migrate because they have always been shepherds (perhaps traders, too); for generations they have been in the habit of moving to find pasture for their flocks. For them cultivation of crops is less important than the welfare of those flocks." V 5/L: Noble (1987: 79) Vgl. V 4. V 6/L: Bose (1972:96-97) V 7/L: Noble (1987:43): "…until recently (in some cases continuing today) it was the groom's family who paid the dowry price." V 8/L: Bose (1972:89): "… there is no joint family in the villages … but several closely related families occupy different storeys of the same house." V 9/L: Bose (1972:98): "If the man had two wives, the property is divided between the two and passes on to their male issues." V 10/L: Bose (1972:97) V 11/L: Bose (1972:97) V 12/L: Bose (1972:97) V 13/L: Bose (1972:97) V 14/L: Bose (1972:97) V 15/R V 16/R V 17/R V 18/R V 19/L: Shashi (1979:89) V 20/L: Shashi (1979:89) V 21/L: Shashi (1979:89) V 28/L: Vgl. V 4. V 29/L: Noble (1987:42): Winterweizen, Gerste und Mais V 30/L: Shashi (1979:88) V 31/L: Bose (1972:85): "… the population of a village varies form 'one family of about a dozen people to over a hundred families of more than 600 people. The usual size is about 20 families'" (Newell zitiert in Bose). V 33/L:Bose (1972:99): Die Gaddi sind in den indischen Nationalstaat integriert. V 39/L: Bose (1972:89): "Ploughing is done with the help of cattle, but high up, a cross between the yak and plans cattle … is harnessed for the purpose." V 40/L: Noble (1987:41) V 43/L: Shashi (1979:89) V 44/L: Noble (1987:42) V 46/L: Noble (1987:42): "A lot of wool is still spun, by both men and women, without a wheel, by hand on a drop spindle … Weaving is often men's work." V 48/L: Noble (1987:32) Seite 1 GADDI - INDIA V 56/R: Noble (1987) V 58/R: Noble (1987) V 60/R: Noble (1987) V 62/L: Noble (1987:65) V 64/R: Noble (1987:65) V 67/L: Noble (1987:53ff.) V 69/R V 73/L: Bose (1972:97) V 74/L: Bose (1972:97) V 75/L: Bose (1972:97) V 76/L: Bose (1972:97) V Handel/ R Seite 2 AGE GAGU EA GAGU OWC FA21 EA-Nr.
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