Tokugawa Response to the Shimabara Rebellion and Power Projection in Seventeenth-Century Japan
THE LOGISTICS OF POWER: TOKUGAWA RESPONSE TO THE SHIMABARA REBELLION AND POWER PROJECTION IN SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY JAPAN DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Matthew E. Keith, M.A., M.Ed. ***** The Ohio State University 2006 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Geoffrey Parker, Advisor Professor John F. Guilmartin ___________________________ Professor Allan R. Millett Advisor Graduate Program in History Copyright by Matthew E. Keith 2006 ABSTRACT How would America react if today’s top news story told us that over three million U.S. soldiers, sailors, and marines, sent to southern Florida to quiet a regional rebellion against Federal authority, executed nearly 650,000 of their fellow countrymen in a single day? Violence of this scale and severity seems almost beyond our comprehension. However, a scenario of exactly these hideous proportions played out in southwestern Japan almost four centuries years ago. After a generation of peace in Japan, in 1637 peasants on Kyushu Island in southern Japan, distraught over horrible treatment at the hands of cruel lords, killed the local magistrate and took control of their village. The rebellion soon spread as peasants in village after village rose up against the taxation and collection methods that left them destitute, starving, and subject to routine torture. Christianity, introduced a century earlier by Portuguese Jesuits, re-emerged as a rallying ideology for the peasants whose numbers swelled to over 30,000. Within just a few weeks the Tokugawa Shogun, the central authority in early modern Japan, assembled and deployed an army of perhaps 150,000 soldiers to Kyushu (750 miles from the capital in present-day Tokyo) to confront the rebel peasants who took refuge in an abandoned castle.
[Show full text]