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The Durability of the Bakuhan Taisei Is Stunning
Tokugawa Yoshimune versus Tokugawa Muneharu: Rival Visions of Benevolent Rule by Tim Ervin Cooper III A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Mary Elizabeth Berry, Chair Professor Irwin Scheiner Professor Susan Matisoff Fall 2010 Abstract Tokugawa Yoshimune versus Tokugawa Muneharu: Rival Visions of Benevolent Rule by Tim Ervin Cooper III Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Berkeley Professor Mary Elizabeth Berry, Chair This dissertation examines the political rivalry between the eighth Tokugawa shogun, Yoshimune (1684‐1751, r. 1716‐45), and his cousin, the daimyo lord of Owari domain, Tokugawa Muneharu (1696‐1764, r. 1730‐39). For nearly a decade, Muneharu ruled Owari domain in a manner that directly contravened the policies and edicts of his cousin, the shogun. Muneharu ignored admonishments of his behavior, and he openly criticized the shogun’s Kyōhō era (1716‐36) reforms for the hardship that they brought people throughout Japan. Muneharu’s flamboyance and visibility transgressed traditional status boundaries between rulers and their subjects, and his lenient economic and social policies allowed commoners to enjoy the pleasures and profits of Nagoya entertainment districts that were expanding in response to the Owari lord’s personal fondness for the floating world. Ultimately, Muneharu’s fiscal extravagance and moral lenience—benevolent rule (jinsei), as he defined it—bankrupted domain coffers and led to his removal from office by Yoshimune. Although Muneharu’s challenge to Yoshimune’s political authority ended in failure, it nevertheless reveals the important role that competing notions of benevolence (jin) were coming to play in the rhetoric of Tokugawa rulership. -
Constraining the Samurai: Rebellion and Taxation in Early Modern Japan
International Studies Quarterly (2017) 61, 352–370 Constraining the Samurai: Rebellion and Taxation in Early Modern Japan ABBEY STEELE University of Amsterdam Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/isq/article-abstract/61/2/352/3852628 by Harvard Law School Library user on 28 April 2020 CHRISTOPHER P AIK NYU Abu Dhabi AND SEIKI TANAKA University of Amsterdam On the eve of the Meiji Restoration in 1868, the nearly 300 semi-autonomous domains across Japan had widely varying tax rates. Some handed over 70 percent of their rice yield to the samurai ruler of the domain, while others provided 15 percent. This variation existed in spite of the similar fiscal demands that the domain rulers faced within the Tokugawa regime—the feu- dal system that governed Japan between 1603 and 1868. This period was remarkably stable; Japan saw no foreign or domestic wars. This allows us to focus on the impact of pressure from below on taxation. We study the extent to which peasant-led rebel- lions and collective desertion (“flight”) lowered the subsequent tax rate imposed by samurai rulers. Using newly compiled data on different types of peasant-led political mobilization—from petitions to insurrections—we find an association between, on the one hand, large-scale rebellions and flight and, on the other, lower tax rates. We interpret the results as evidence of rebelli- ous or mobile peasants’ ability to constrain their rulers; the more complacent fail to win concessions. Our findings suggest that peasant mobilization played a role in restricting state growth in early modern Japan through tax concessions. -
The Durability of the Bakuhan Taisei Is Stunning
UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Tokugawa Yoshimune versus Tokugawa Muneharu: Rival Visions of Benevolent Rule Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4nn6p372 Author Cooper III, Tim Ervin Publication Date 2010 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Tokugawa Yoshimune versus Tokugawa Muneharu: Rival Visions of Benevolent Rule by Tim Ervin Cooper III A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Mary Elizabeth Berry, Chair Professor Irwin Scheiner Professor Susan Matisoff Fall 2010 Abstract Tokugawa Yoshimune versus Tokugawa Muneharu: Rival Visions of Benevolent Rule by Tim Ervin Cooper III Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Berkeley Professor Mary Elizabeth Berry, Chair This dissertation examines the political rivalry between the eighth Tokugawa shogun, Yoshimune (1684‐1751, r. 1716‐45), and his cousin, the daimyo lord of Owari domain, Tokugawa Muneharu (1696‐1764, r. 1730‐39). For nearly a decade, Muneharu ruled Owari domain in a manner that directly contravened the policies and edicts of his cousin, the shogun. Muneharu ignored admonishments of his behavior, and he openly criticized the shogun’s Kyōhō era (1716‐36) reforms for the hardship that they brought people throughout Japan. Muneharu’s flamboyance and visibility transgressed traditional status boundaries between rulers and their subjects, and his lenient economic and social policies allowed commoners to enjoy the pleasures and profits of Nagoya entertainment districts that were expanding in response to the Owari lord’s personal fondness for the floating world. -
Tokugawa Response to the Shimabara Rebellion and Power Projection in Seventeenth-Century Japan
THE LOGISTICS OF POWER: TOKUGAWA RESPONSE TO THE SHIMABARA REBELLION AND POWER PROJECTION IN SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY JAPAN DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Matthew E. Keith, M.A., M.Ed. ***** The Ohio State University 2006 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Geoffrey Parker, Advisor Professor John F. Guilmartin ___________________________ Professor Allan R. Millett Advisor Graduate Program in History Copyright by Matthew E. Keith 2006 ABSTRACT How would America react if today’s top news story told us that over three million U.S. soldiers, sailors, and marines, sent to southern Florida to quiet a regional rebellion against Federal authority, executed nearly 650,000 of their fellow countrymen in a single day? Violence of this scale and severity seems almost beyond our comprehension. However, a scenario of exactly these hideous proportions played out in southwestern Japan almost four centuries years ago. After a generation of peace in Japan, in 1637 peasants on Kyushu Island in southern Japan, distraught over horrible treatment at the hands of cruel lords, killed the local magistrate and took control of their village. The rebellion soon spread as peasants in village after village rose up against the taxation and collection methods that left them destitute, starving, and subject to routine torture. Christianity, introduced a century earlier by Portuguese Jesuits, re-emerged as a rallying ideology for the peasants whose numbers swelled to over 30,000. Within just a few weeks the Tokugawa Shogun, the central authority in early modern Japan, assembled and deployed an army of perhaps 150,000 soldiers to Kyushu (750 miles from the capital in present-day Tokyo) to confront the rebel peasants who took refuge in an abandoned castle. -
Rōnin in the Tokugawa Period
Finding a Place: Rōnin in the Tokugawa Period The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation van Swet, Floris. 2019. Finding a Place: Rōnin in the Tokugawa Period. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:42029594 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Finding a Place: R!nin Identity in the Tokugawa Period A dissertation presented by Floris van Swet to The Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of History and East Asian Languages Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts May 2019 ! ! © 2019 Floris van Swet All rights reserved. ! ! ! Dissertation Advisor: David Howell Floris van Swet Finding a Place: R!nin Identity in the Tokugawa Period Abstract Finding a Place: R!nin Identity in the Tokugawa Period focusses on the interaction between institutional and everyday understandings of status, and the subjective, mutable nature of social labels through the lens of r!nin (‘masterless samurai’). Through tracing the history of the term r!nin, the multiple ways in which it was used and interpreted over time, and its locally contingent nature, this research elucidates the inconsistencies between center/periphery, ideational/reality and explicit/implicit rules during the Tokugawa period (1603-1868). -
Eating Edo, Sensing Japan: Food Branding and Market Culture in Late Tokugawa Japan, 1780-1868
EATING EDO, SENSING JAPAN: FOOD BRANDING AND MARKET CULTURE IN LATE TOKUGAWA JAPAN, 1780-1868 BY AKIRA SHIMIZU DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2011 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Professor Ronald P. Toby, Chair Associate Professor Clare H. Crowston Associate Professor Craig M. Koslofsky Professor Daniel Botsman, Yale University ii Abstract This dissertation explores the roles specialty foods in the political capital of Edo (modern-day Tokyo) in the Tokugawa period (1603-1868). The development of infrastructures as well as the proliferation of the publishing industry resulted in a considerable scale of information and material circulations in Japan. Cookbooks, travel and shopping guides, and gazetteers introduced different kinds of foods, including regional specialties, prestigious food shops, which contracted the bakufu and other powerful officials, luxury foods to which commoners did not have access, and foods, eating of which was considered taboo. From the early eighteenth century, wholesalers in Edo formed trade associations to secure the shipments of various commodities from origins of production. They paid fees to the bakufu (military government) for the protection of their rights to handle commodities and trade channels; the bakufu required them to supply certain commodities to Edo Castle. However, in the end of the eighteenth century, independent merchants who were not affiliated with trade associations and peasants and fishermen whose products and catches were not acknowledged as “specialties” began disrupting the bakufu-protected trade channels. This disruption was particularly problematic in the trade of specialty foods. -
Japan-In-Print-Infor
A BOOK The Philip E. Lilienthal imprint honors special books in commemoration of a man whose work at the University of California Press from 1954 to 1979 was marked by dedication to young authors and to high standards in the field of Asian Studies. Friends, family, authors, and foundations have together endowed the Lilienthal Fund, which enables the Press to publish under this imprint selected books in a way that reflects the taste and judgment of a great and beloved editor. The costs of publishing this book have been defrayed in part by the Hiromi Arisawa Memorial Awards from the Books on Japan Fund. The awards are financed by The Japan Foundation from generous donations contributed by Japanese individuals and companies. Japan in Print asia: local studies/global themes Jeffrey N. Wasserstrom, Kären Wigen, and Hue-Tam Ho Tai, Editors Japan in Print information and nation in the early modern period Mary Elizabeth Berry university of california press berkeley los angeles london University of California Press, one of the most distin- guished university presses in the United States, enriches lives around the world by advancing scholarship in the hu- manities, social sciences, and natural sciences. Its activities are supported by the UC Press Foundation and by philan- thropic contributions from individuals and institutions. For more information, visit www.ucpress.edu. University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles, California University of California Press, Ltd. London, England © 2006 by The Regents of the University of California Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Berry, Mary Elizabeth, 1947– Japan in print : information and nation in the early modern period / Mary Elizabeth Berry.