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James K. Polk of Tennessee," Democratic Review, May , 1838

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James K. Polk of Tennessee, 1 JAMES KNOX POLK AND NORl'H CAroLINA by Jerry C. Cashion r JAMES KNOX POLK and NORTH CAROLINA • A Re port Prepared for the Historic Sites Division of t he state Department of Archives and History by Jerry Clyde Cashion 1965 Ral eigh, North Carolina .. PROPERTY OF -. HISTORIC PRE SER'JATION -... .SECTION 9/;1fH -/-20 • Preface i I The Search ror A Description of The Polk Birthplace 2 II James Knox Polk As A Student At The University of North Carolina 13 III James K. Polk And The Presidential Election of· 1844 In North Carolina 18 IV The Pr esident Returns To His University 26 V The Retirement of The Ex- President 52 VI James K. Polk And The "Mecklenburg Declaration of Independenoe" M VII William Hawkins Polk 57 Appendix 61 • • PREFACE The following report contains mat erial relative to James Knox Pol k and his associat ion wi th his native State of North Carolina. The purpose of this report is twofold: t o provide material upon which to base t he reconstruction of the Polk Birthplace; to present material that could be used as a gui de in t he preparation of displays in a pr oposed visitation center to be established at t he Birthplace site. It Is with deep gr atitude that the author recognizes the i nvaluable help of the f ollowing in the comp ilation of this report . A gr eat debt is owed Mrs . Elizabeth 11. Vilborn , starr Hi storian of the State Department of • Archives and History for her patient understanding and invaluable direction. Also many profitable s uggestions • were provided by A.L. Honeycutt, Jr., Re s toration Specialist with the Department of Archives and History. Speci al recognition mus t also go to Mrs . Frank . L. Owsley, Director of the Manuscr ipts Division of t he Tennesse e State Library and Archives, and to William S. Powell , Director of the North Carolina Collection, University of No rth Carolina. I ndeed, Bill bas endured the aut hor I s "Folking around" fa.r.- above and beyond t he call of duty . Hugh T. Lefler, Kenan Professor of Histor y at t he University of Nort h Carolina has guided the i nexper ienced hand of this writer for many years as a ment or and a friend. I n addition , Pr ofessor Lefler graciously allowed t he author to continue in hi s position at the University whila conducting the research for this report . • err; Clyde Cashion The University of No rth Carolina September 15, 1965 • • THE SE~B CH FOR A DESCRIPTION OF THE POLK BIRTHPLACE This writer must confess almost complete failure in his attempt to uncover additional material r elative to t he description of the physical structure in wh ich the eleventh Pre sident of the United States was born. Vfuen an historian is unable to find a solution to a s pecifio question after submitting the question t o the accepted methods of historical inquiry he tried to explain the reasons for his failure. In this instance, several reasons pre sent t hemse lves as possible explanations. The writer wishes to stress the word 'poss i ble' as he is dealing with conjecture rather then with fact. • First, and most l ogical; it goes without sayi ng that there was nothing unusual about l og cab ins on the • frontIer. Thus, there was no reason why a log cabin near Sugar Creek south of Charlotte in Meckl enburg County should have created an y par ticular interest until the summer of 1844 when J ames K. Polk became the first "dark horse" candidate for the Presidency. This was rorty~nine years after he first breathed the air of "O ld Mecklenburg. 1t Another f actor which Is all too evident to those of us who are engaged in the writing and preservation of North Carolina history is the almost criminal neglect which accompanied the recording , C O lle c tln ~ and preser vati on of the early history of t his State. It is not altogethe r colncldentlal that the only description, however i nadequate, of the intact birthplace was made by President Dav id Lowry Swain of the University of North Carolina. In January of 1844, the year prior to Po l kts elevation to the Pre sidency, there appeared a notice i n the Raleigh Register of the proposed establishme nt of The Historical SOCiety ot The University of No rth Carolina. "The f irst Annual Meeting will be held in Gerard Hall , We dnesday, 1 June 5 , 1844 • . .• " Thus was established the first active organization tor the collection and preservation ot the history of the State. 1 Raleigh Re gister, January 26, 1844 • • 4 President Swain also had a more personal interest, • which the former Whig Governor expressed in the following letter to the Democratic President: U~versity of North Carolina 24. April 184 7 To the President of the United States Sir, I have heard with great pleasure of y our contemplated visit to this institution at our approaching Commencement . It would be unnatural 1n one so newly identified with this University as myself not to regard s o deci ded a manifestation of grateful rembr ances and filial affe ction on this part of the most eminent of her sons with f eeling s of kindness as well as pride. The latter emotion has been awakened in my bosom on this occasion, by considerations very different from those ariSing from mere eminence of station. Although we have never met on any occasion, yo ur whole course of life from the time you entered college has been kn own to me with a particularity that you would scarcely have anticipated even from a native of North Carolina , nurtured upon the borders of Tennessee , five and twenty years ago the roommate in college, and in after years the familiar friend and associate of your brother Marshall. Under such circumstances, I feel that I have almost a right to consider myself an acquaintance and friend, and at all events venture to hope that in the course of a few week s there will exist no reasonable doubt on either head . • • • I am with sincere respect &. est eem Yo ur obt. Serr 2 Devid L. swain. It is evident that after Polk's visit to the University there existed "no reasonable doubt on either head" as to 2. Elizabeth Gregory McPherson, "Unpublished letters from If<)rtnCarolinians to Polk," The North Carolina Historical , XVII (April, 1940), 146. (Hereinafter cited as • erson, "Unpublished let ters") • 5 3 their friendship. Thus, when Swain journeyed to Mecklenb urg • in 1849 , Polk's old homeplace held not only an historical but also a personal interest . There is no evidence that James K. Polk ever returned to the scene of his nativity after his departure as a small boy 1n 1806. If he had returned to Mecklenburg after he had attained national prominence, then no doubt, some reference concerning his birthplace would have been reported in the national press. Invitations were tendered Polk to return, but each time eve nts proved unfavorable tor acceptance. Soon after he received the Democratic nomination for President the "Democracy Of Mec klenburg" passed the following resolve: "That as Meck lenburg is the native County of James K. polk , that we invite him to visit UB , and attand a public Barbecue to be given in this pl ace 4 .... " Willi am H. Haywood , Jr. of Raleigh , a prime mover in Polk's campaign i n North Carolina counseled the Presidential nominee to "not permit our friends to draw you to Bny public me e ting s either in N. C. or Tennessee or 3 M1lo_M1'l.toniQ.il."~fjj ' , "editor, The ¥WY of James K. Polk during his Presidendy, 1845-.0 9 ~v o l umes~ IChlca'lo: A.C:-McClurg and Company, 1910), III, 44- 49; Worthington C. Ford, "Letters from President Polk to George Bancroft on the Mecklenburg De claration of Independence," Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society, XLIII (October and~ovember, 1909), 101-109 . 4 Ra leigh. North Carolina Standard, July 3, 1844; • McPhe rson, "Unpublished letters," XVI, p . 366 • 6 elsewhere & put your refusal manfully and openly on the ground that it Is not becoming in any man to Beek the • y 0 Presid by personal electioneering. " Polk took the advice of Haywood and wrote the following letter in reply to the invitation: Columbia, Tenn., July 2 1844 Gentlemen: I have had the honor to receive your letter of the 15th ultimo , inviting me on behalf of a publi c meeting of the Democracy of Mecklenburg , to visit North Carolina, and to be present at a "public barbecue" to be given at Charlotte on the 23d instant . Having been nominated by the Democratic National Convention lately assembled at Baltimore as a candidate tor the office of President of the Unit e d States, Bnd having accepted the nomination, I am constrained by a sense of propriety to decline accepting all invitations to attend public meetings during the pendency of the Presidential election. In adopting this course I but follow the example of the eminent men who have precee ded me as candidates for that high station . It would afford me sincere pleasure, I assure you, t o visit once more sceens of my early youth, and "to meet on the consecrated soil where first wa s declared the independence of this country," the despendants of the "illust erous patriots of May , 75," and if in any instance I could depart from the rule of conduct which I have pr escribed for myself in this respect, it would be to visit the people of my native County of Me cklenburg, whom you represent .
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