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8.1 Linux Θ(ͧΒřƨ

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8.1 Linux Θ(ͧΒřƨ ˊ੥֜ޅ^ৰ 8 ত âிඣ ˆ ˤ 8 ϑ(ͧβȳƈ̎ ƨতᡅͥ ext2 ʐ ext3 âிඣ4 /proc3sysfs3swap âிඣ4 ¤ṁ3Ŧṁ^żṁ4 džाⒸՈūϬ4 ľՈūϬ4 ඗Ȁʐ֜ܰ QՈϬͩ4‑֜ޅ ƿ└᪂าՈ5ͩ4 8.1 Linux ϑ(ͧβŘƨ ̱ňிඣȑǎ5ǎ4âՈƌʔʐ੥ˊ ẝ£࿁ɥ«̱ňிඣՈâ੥ˊிඣ ੄ࢴ ◄ˊ੥ˊ4â੥֜ޅâிඣ4ƅâՈƌʔ3ᪿ΅਍̱ňՈƌń ɥPǎ5ǎ4ǪP£࿁ŷ ᡅY5☦ՈΓťâ੥ˊḳâ3ᝯ੥ˊâʐ੥ˊǍʻϔǒß4â੥ˊǒ┉Zɥ«ிඣȭ ੥ˊ5śƅ͢ư֜ޅ‑ʐඈඋ1ň4Linux Ոâ੥ˊʐ ƌʔ᪂̣͟zâ੥ˊ◄˖ՈाⒸ ੥ˊK«ϬΙ Linux ՈżȖƨՈ࿁ᡅ˖4֜ޅc˕â੥ˊʐ 47̠ 8.1.1 Linux ՈâிඣିƧ 1Mext2 ˼ ext3 ɻˊȌ ¤᫗Ո ext ிඣ« Extended File System Ո෭΅ ƷĉŐ ext13ext2 ʐ ext3 Y࢑4ext ி c& Linux ᪂ᩥՈ ͣƅѐՈ UNIX ĽǍ4Ʒ₋ϬrY൫௦š඗Ȁʐֲơʍ඗Ȁ4Ǹ» ̲PǔĽ/ՈŌ5« ext ிඣȺȈ࢑᪂̣῁Ɵtâǡ੥ˊ4ext2 ிâ੥ˊிඣ£࿁ ᩨՈâڌNŖ K«̶̓ϔ Linux ிඣ Ɔ̓3ƚϬ ֲQŤǒ Linux ிඣՈ̓ᾬ ੥ˊிඣ4 ext2 âிඣϬՈ௦šᅆͥ£࿁ିĨ Windows Ոâ ‑ᜬFAT ϬǡᩴơâǍʻ4 ņrⒸ3ǚΝrⒸ3ƿ└3¤ʒdzÑȺ௦šᅆͥ׏tPϔǒ඗Ȁ ͢ĉȯrâ⑃ò3 ி3ƌ΢Ჳǐ਍â੥ˊ¤◄Ոּ͟Ǎʻ4P௦šᅆͥɥ«Pϔඈ ̳PȭàP͟ ‑P௦šᅆͥǻ Ϭǡ̳Pʃ᪊ẝ âzֲơ4&rƫz੥ˊ ிඣႮ¬ඝɣ௦šᅆͥ ᅆͥ4ɣ௦šᅆͥǻʐ͢ȭàâՈâȑᝯȐrljƌńֲơ4ֲơɥ«Ⱥâȑǎ͢ȭ àՈ௦šᅆͥǻּ༘͟Ոᜬ4ֲơՈɣPȭ༘͟ᝯࢴ&P8Ảȉ94◄ᡅͼ͛Ո« ௦š ᅆͥǻʐâȑ« 1:n Ո͟ி PâՈ௦šᅆͥǻ«̳PՈ IJP௦šᅆͥdzÑȭà̶ 126 Linux ̱ňிඣ‑า^੥ˊ ZՈȐPâ4֜ޅâȑ4ẝ4᪂ᩥՈƣü«&ǒɴỞẋ]ȐՈᲳǐƿ᪃⒲ ᩨ̑Ρ[ Linux ūϬՈâிඣ« ext2 ͢Ľͥ«Ẕᜐࣷǎ3̠ˊʌά4IJƟ Linux ிڌ ඣᝯŰ̶ŌàϬ4ǔ̶ǽ͢ₑᡅՈᜐʐɳʟȒ ext2 Ո෾ͥKɥİ◶\Ἓ ext2 «☢aȣ âிඣNLFS 4êỞՈàϬ]ƌń͆̓Ո⒲L IJȭzὧǽ͢ₑᡅՈᜐɥ«PႸʁ ՈŽͥ4ẝK«&¬4ᡅǕʉ ext3 ிඣՈƣü4 ext3 º ext2 âிඣǕʉ໐ǡ « ext2 Ո¤ƆČ ȭaȣ£࿁¤ÑƆĚ4ƟQՈ ext3 ி ඣඓẋ⑃rⒸՈàϬʐΝẟ>ඓ☢tcࣷǎdz☤ Âúǀ͔ͨǭ ext2 ிඣ4ext2 ϬdzÑ ݑŌūϬ ext3 ிඣ \◄ƚLʐȕᩱẋ࣏4╠\ ext3 ிඣͣƅÑ[Ľͥ ʌࣷǎɳ4ext3 ிඣࣷǎɳǽΙ ǭ⏝࿁☢Ɔ4ń ext3 ிඣᝯ☢ͩ͟ƶΞॅϢ) Ϲ਍̑Ρ Ȓ ிඣ]◄ᡅ̼ɡâிඣ4໐ ext3 ிඣʮ̩ՈrⒸǮ◄̓Ņό࢖4 ϔǒǀϘɳljĈ£࿁4ext3 ிඣǽ̓ŌȴʌrâிඣՈǀϘɳ ࿁ὃ̹☢ͩ͟ƶȭ âிඣỤtՈ۸ū4ńϔǒǀϘɳljĈ£࿁Z ext3 ȴƇr࢑µśƇϬọō4 żϬKżǛƶẒՈɥ«8ȐrljťâிඣǎϔǒՈPႸɳ9µś4ẝ࢑µś[ ZՈ râ3âݒċ਍ƟŚ4֜ޅȺˌẠǘඡϵz☢ͩ͟ƶ໐ƊН ṇʌՈẔᜐợò4ext3 ńợòẝPɳ࿁Zȭɨ JFS2 ਍ிඣÂ]ŤĄÃ ໐ú ext3 ń ƌʔϔǒrƅdz࿁ẜ◄ᡅẟᜐ̶Ƶ΅ϔǒ̱ň4IJ͢වȌɳ࿁\ѕ«żΙՈ4ɘ͢« ext3 Γťº ext2 ிඣŋ൫ ໐\◄̣éʐʮ̩ϔǒ4Ǫ̲ ext3 ּɨ ReiserFS ʐ XFS Ոȥ֜ޅ῁«ü& ext3 Ոaȣ£࿁ȭ ਍ʌợிඣ ʼnƅŰĺՈ CPU ūϬɋ4ẝP ¬ᪿ΅͐ẟᜐrĄĚ ᪂ᩥTń᪂ᩥỿṕਜ਼ͩrɥ>ඓͨ2rȈ5☦Ո໇ₓ4 ΓťϔǒḰdž£࿁4º ext2 Ḱt ext3 ☢5ƫ ˊ᩾ZǮ◄⏲͑੄řʁÐŷdzǀt ϘḰdž1ň ú]ϬȴQɆ̣é3ʮ̩3ʸśĚ ľ਍1ň4ẝǔỆȌP᯳ūϬ ext ிிඣՈϬ Kͨ2r,ϬՈĿɀ4ext3 ẜȴƇrPɃ1ͣ tune2fs dzϬz Ⱥ ext2 ǔ5ƫŌḰdž& ext34Ǒẋǡ ext3 KdzÑ]ඓçŁŰΝ ໐ָȉ¤ṁt& ext2 âிඣ Ɇ4rᄳΙՈȕ[ͨǭ4 Γť̶࢑aȣµś4ext3 Γť̶࢑aȣµś P࢑aȣµś[data=journal µś ext3 Ⱥȭ¤ƅՈâϔǒǎ metadataǎ5âிඣϔǒՈϔǒ ŷϔǒՈϔǒ ẟᜐ aȣᩴơǪP࢑aȣµśdata=ordered z້ data=writeback µś [Ǯȭ metadata ᩴơaȣ ໐]ȭϔǒẟᜐaȣᩴơ4ிඣ੥ˊɜdzÑʵǒிඣՈǒ┉1ň◄ᡅ ń ிඣՈ1ňợò^âϔǒՈPႸɳ7ⒸɆϦọō4 Ⱥ ext2 âிඣḰdž& ext3 âிඣՈ̱ňǔ੄ř Ǯ◄ᡅṗ͑Ñ[ʁÐ tune2fs -j /dev/hda9 Ḱdž඗ȘΞĚ 8.1 ¤߾4 Ě 8.1 ext2 t£Ḱdž& ext3 ੥ˊ 127֜ޅ^ৰ 8 ত âிඣ ͼ͛ ext2 ɻˊȌLJ͈ɡ ext3 ɻˊȌðK^h˝̩ÛǫÜLJ͈KŰ4ģn tune2fs ʑLJΟæĄϙβƾÝɃfLJ͈ɵȔ̢Kşϙ /etc/fstab ƏƖƋKǫĝɻˊȌn°įĝ ext2 ɯȷɡ ext3 ᩨՈƌʔ᪂̣Z Ξ/dev/hda8 4ΞȘXƗńڌ☢ext3 aȣâdzÑƌ΢ńǪP /dev/hda8 ZņP ext3 âிඣ ÂȺaȣƌ΢ńǪP̲ᾬ᪂̣/dev/hda2 Z dzÑỞẋ ṗ͑Ñ[ʁÐǒɴ mke2fs -J device=/dev/hda8 /dev/hda2 Ո e2fsprogs Ո e2fsck Γť ext3 âிඣ4ƟP ext3 âிඣᝯ۸ūr ̴żṁ᪩, ᪂̣ ͹Ϭ e2fsck ǚ̩45ͩǔ੄ř Ǯ◄ᡅṗ͑Ñ[ʁÐŷdz umount /dev/hda8 e2fsck -fy /dev/hda8 වZ¤Ẵ tune2fs «ֲQ Linux ிඣϵ ext2 âிඣḰdž& ext3 âிඣՈż੄řúͨ ǭɳżΙՈỘǐ ͢ǒɴ¯ɉäƫ⒬ożĺ4njü& ext3 «ָȉº ext2 Ǖʉ໐ǡ âிඣ ẋÍŋ൫ẋ࣏ż&¿Ž ẝ 4 ɆdzÑż̓└òŌlj᪅ிඣϔǒՈƽ͔ɳ4¤ÑƟQ Linux ிඣ ᡅūϬaȣâிඣ żlj┭Ո5śɥ«ọōŋ൫4 ext34 2M/proc ɻˊȌ /proc âிඣ«PĖâிඣ ƷÑâிඣՈ5ś&Ϭ᪃⒲ிඣͱʴϔǒȴƇȉ »ǧ4¤᫗8Ėâிඣ9«ū/proc «ᔞŃՈ ƌńzͱƌ໐]«ܰ֜Z4/proc âிඣ P࢑ͱʴʐͱʴµųȕẟ࣏process ǕễǍʻՈƶ: ẝK«/proc ՈǣȑǡƊ4ẝĖ âிඣūϬ࿁^ƌńzͱʴͱᾬՈₑᡅϔǒ඗Ȁẟᜐ~ º໐ቻǚƅ͟ẟ࣏ՈƅϬǍʻ ÂńẔᜐỞẋΝǜͱʴdžϔǡΝǜிඣ᪂า4ϬʐàϬ࣏Û῁dzÑỞẋ/proc âிඣǣ 4ிඣǍʻ Â࿁Ởẋ/proc ΝǜͱʴՈɌǍʻ4◄ᡅͼ͛Ո« Ƿϵzẝ«PᔞŃՈி ņՈ ƷǮƌńzͱƌƟ4ǒƌńՈ /proc Ոͱǭ῁«¬ɍף»[῁ඣ üǸₐ☦Ոâ ŌǕ/proc Ո!᜻«&rȴƇPᩭϬቻǚிඣẟ࣏ǍʻՈ5ƫÌ἗ ඗ȘńūϬẋ࣏ ǕɴƷ☢ƅϬ ᱉Ϧr8ƛՈᡅ˖4z«¾࿊ᩭͱʴՈǔ̶̯௤KϬƷǡĉɎǍʻ z ȳϬ¬ɍẔᜐr‑า4 /proc «ϵͱʴȋ:Ո Â̵ƅPĭˊZãṁ/proc Ո᪂̣4ẝ«ü&/proc 'ᡅϬzƌ΢ ϵͱʴȋ:ՈிඣźɍǍʻ ໐̓ᾬ ẝǍʻՈỿṕĹาńϵͱʴȋ:Ոͱƌ4üǸΞȘ ȭ/proc ɆΞ[̱ň ls -l âՈ⑃ò῁« 0 IJΞȘȐrɡ׏ẝâՈͱǭ Ćǔ̖ͣŌ׏4Pɴᬥ ̓ᾬ ₐ☦ŸnjǒǒńńՈƅǔ̶Ǎʻ4ẝ«ü&/proc ʐ͢ÂᢈՈâிඣPʳ῁ȺႮ=ͼ͸4 ᔞŃâிඣVFS 4IJƷɩণǮ«PᔞŃՈâிඣ üǸń VFS ᡅ᫇ϬƷ᪻˖ »â3ֲơՈ i-node r /proc ±ĆʵǒͱʴՈǍʻńͱƌņএּàՈâʐֲơ4ẝK 4ὧâ¿r׏ʇ«& 0 Ոƣü4¬& ϬdzÑỞẋṗ͑Ñ[ʁÐǡ¤ṁ/proc âிඣ mount -t proc proc /proc ̵ƅ⒲LՈ̑Ρ[ɥĆt£¤ṁ/proc âிඣ4ϬƶZ4 proc âdzϬzቻǚƅ͟ͱʴźɍ3ᩥ ਜ਼ƶʒɳ3ǷńẔᜐՈẟ࣏źɍ਍ּ͟Ǎʻ4໐/ /proc ՈâʐֲơẜȴƇிඣĭˊɳʟż,ՈǍʻ4ΞZ¤Ẵ /proc Ոâ ú̓ᾬ 128 Linux ̱ňிඣ‑า^੥ˊ Ƿƌńzܰ֜Z IJϬẜ«dzÑʻūϬçŁǷâPʳ Ϭâේṕף[ᔞŃՈ » zିĨ more3less3cat ਍ʁÐɡ׏ƷØ4Ξƅේṕ࣏Û᪙Ě·ŌPᔞŃâ /proc Ć ņẝâ4ቻǚͱʴՈּàǍʻ ϢȒ8ϙा9̴ ᜬ 8.1 ᪸rPₑᡅՈᪿǚிඣǍʻՈ/proc â῁«ǮᪿՈ ǎͣ͢ĿňϬ4 ᜬ 8.1 ᪿǚிඣǍʻՈ/proc âǎͣ͢ĿňϬ âȑ ňϬ᪸ Cmdline ͱʴȳ¬džϔ Cpuinfo CPU Ǎʻ Iomem IO ᪂̣ՈͱƌūϬǍʻ Interrupts º߾ᝯŤϬՈ)ǍʻʐŤϬ້ՈǍʻ Ioports I/O ঳ǧՈūϬ Kcore ிඣĭˊͱƌʻ ]dzᪿǚ Loadavg ிඣ¿ţᯣṁ Meminfo ĭˊͱƌʐdž ľūϬǍʻ Modules ¤ṁµųᜬ Mounts ŦṁՈâிඣ Partitions ிඣ᪊/Ո ľᜬ Swaps džाⒸՈ-Ϭ̑Ρ Version ͱʴČƨǍʻ Uptime ிඣẔᜐrⒸ ń/proc ֲơ[¤ƅÑϔƋʁȑՈƄֲơ῁Ϭzƌʔẟּ࣏͟Ǎʻ ໐ɣƄֲơՈϔƋ ơȑɥ«͢ȭàՈẟ࣏ PID ẝâK«Ǯᪿʒɳ4Ǹ̲ẜƅPĽȞՈ/proc/self ֲơֲ ƷūȕƟQǷńËᜐẟ࣏Ո৪ǻẢȉ4ŷΞƟϬËᜐ cat/proc/self/cmdline r ĆẘúʁÐƨ ᵯ4ẟּ࣏͟ǍʻΞᜬ 8.2 ¤߾4 ᜬ 8.2 ẟּ࣏͟ǍʻâȳẴ â ȳẴ Cmdline ẟ࣏ȳ¬džϔ Environ ɳʟǜₓ Limits ẟ࣏└:Ǎʻ Status ẟ࣏źɍ Maps ẟ࣏ūϬՈ¬ɍ⏂ȉßâ ᜬ 8.13ᜬ 8.2 Ǯ«Ϧrżᢅ3żƅϬՈ/proc â ǒ┉ZՈ/proc âᡅẠẠ̶zẝ ϔₓ4ΞȘ້ᪿ̿ẟPǹrᢧႮ=ͫ͠ᱧՈâ dzÑȭּà/proc âūϬ more ʁÐ K ϣtՈâ̓Ƀکdzńඃቻǚּ͟Ǎʻ47¤ÑūϬ more ʁÐ໐☢ cat ʁÐ «ü&\ͩ8 ੥ˊ 129֜ޅ^ৰ 8 ত âிඣ ໐ƅâΞ kcore ɥƅdz࿁☢⑃4ẝʳՈ᪡Ϭ cat ºϢ«]ȌỆՈ4 3Msysfs ɻˊȌ sysfs âிඣିĨ/proc K«ĽȞՈâிඣ4ƷՈňϬńzȺிඣՈ᪂̣ඈඋt ɶƵ඗Ȁ ϢȒȕϬzƅ◄ᡅՈ࣏ÛȴƇͱʴՈϔǒ඗ȀǍʻ4ẝâிඣ΢ń/sys ֲơ 4ᜬ 8.3 «͢Ƅֲơǎ͢¤ȯͱǭ᪸4] ᜬ 8.3 sysfs âிඣՈƄֲơǎňϬ Ƅֲơ ňϬ Block ¤ƅՈų᪂̣ Bus ிඣ¤ƅՈʇඃିƧ Class ிඣՈ᪂̣ିƧ Ξ̌ť3ตť਍ Devices ிඣ¤ƅՈ᪂̣ _Ñ᪂̣ŦṁՈʇඃିƧඈඋtɶƵ඗Ȁ 4Mtmpfs ɻˊȌG͜˕ˍáɻˊȌH Linux ՈᔞŃͱƌʐ Windows Ոඈt5ś]Ȑ Linux ՈᔞŃͱƌϵᾬ ඈtĭˊͱ ƌʐdž ľ4tmpfs Ոż̓ǭₓɥ«ẝᾬ Ոʐ4tmpfs ǔ̡Ϗ ^dzÑūϬĭˊͱƌ KdzÑūϬdž ľ4໐úƷՈ̓Ƀdzʵǒ◄˖¬ɍ ‑ üǸ]ĆỤtᰈļ᯽4Ǹ̲ƷՈ ᪿ΅ợòǔȷ PჰƉ¥῁ϬƷǡȴŋɳ࿁4 5Mswap ɻˊȌ ʐ tmpfs ]Ȑ swap ǮϬzdž ľ4Linux ƅPĽͥ ŷdž ľՈ̓Ƀ«ிඣĭˊ ͱƌՈǹ ໐dž ľ« Linux ẔᜐՈȑ/ ľ4Ởîdž ľǯň swap ľ«ü& ƷǮňϬzdž ľ údž ľǮ࿁ūϬ swap âிඣ4swap ]ϵϬȋ: ໐« Linux ੥ˊՈȭᬥ4 6MΓƘƖŦsĝɻˊȌ ᔞŃâிඣ«PǔƅϬՈɁ dzÑǒɴȭ̶࢑âிඣՈΓť4Ǹ̲ ᔞŃâி ]ȐՈâிඣ4ẝʳ^ȴʌr Linux Ո̡Ϗɳ njǒɴr Z֜ޅඣẜ̭᩼ϬńȐPų ]Ṟ̏ňிඣ3ɳʟⒸՈᰈļ͝4┨rZ☦¤ẴՈ࢑ Linux âிඣ̲ Linux ẜΓťǔ ̶âிඣ Ξ FAT163FAT323sysV3nfs3iso9660 ਍4ƅPͥᡅ᪸Ո« ᰯᰯƅȑՈ NTFS Â]ᝯ RHEL 5 Sever ָȉΓť ◄ᡅƽញּàՈ RMP ĉÂŦṁ±dzÑūϬ4 8.1.2 ņ Linux âிඣ Ɵ◄ᡅ¤ṁP ľŷPâிඣ r Ŋ̴ᡅɆՈɥ«ܲᩨẝ ľՈâிඣି Ƨŷ ľʸśĚ ϢȒ±࿁ŦṁūϬ4ŦṁՈ5ͩƅǔ̶ ŷΞ mount z ້ǚΝ /etc/fstab ¤§ľ1ͣǡ ľ z«¤Pų,Ոܰ֜r ɥ◄ᡅϬ ǒɴŌƶႮ¬¤ṁ4Ɵ,ʺP,Ո ľ ϢȒ±࿁ņ ľՈâிඣ żȒ±«Ŧṁâிඣ4 1Mǫ ¬ľ«ȭƌʔ᪂̣໐ᣄՈ żᢅՈɥ«ƨŌܰ֜zࢿ¬ܰ֜ƟϢKĉŐ U ֜਍ࢿ ƌʔ᪂̣ 4 ľ«&rȺPųṇ̓ՈƌʔाⒸ tᆩ¾ṇɃՈľǻÑƍᱷūϬ◄˖4ń ḻ̌ňՈ1ͣƅ fdisk3parted3cfdisk ਍ ᕁϢȒ້ńɌ5☦ƅĄͥ Linux ẟᜐܰ֜ 130 Linux ̱ňிඣ‑า^੥ˊ IJɥֲQàϬ̑Ρǡ׏żΙϬՈẜ« fdisk4 Ξ parted Ոϔọ̌é£࿁ 2Mɤü̼ ʸśĚ࿁̻ᩭ ľt&Ɍ࢑ͣĿՈâிඣ ΞZ☦᩶4ẋՈ sysfs ਍4ϬՈʸśĚ1 ͣƅ mkfs3mkfs.ext33mkfs.reiserfs3mkfs.ext23mkfs.msdos3mkfs.vfat3mkswap ਍4◄ᡅͼ ͛Ո« ƅՈƶĆńʸśĚt reiserfs rȴ߾]࿁ņ reiserfs âிඣ ẝ«ü&᪩ƶZ ̵ƅ mkfs.reiserfs z້ mkreiserfs ºตZ[ṁPŷdzᢧΟẝ࢑⒲L4 mkfs ՈūϬ5ͩ ʁÐʸśmkfs -t filesystem device ʁÐ᪸ẝₐՈ filesystemâிඣ ȑ/ᡅūǎ Ξ ext33reiserfs3ext23fat323 ľ3ḳ֜3̵ȥ਍4◄ᡅͼ͛Ո ɥ«ƌʔ᪂̣ ΞPܰ֜Ո msdos ਍4໐ device᪂̣ ľ̑Ρ º໐lj᪅«ƅ⍌ȭɳՈʸśĚ4ūϬ fdisk-l ľ7QPǎᡅɡ׏ܰ֜ ńʸśĚ » ľ ľ̑Ρ4ẝǍʻǔₑᡅ ŷΞƅPϬ̿ʸśĚP U ֜ sda ՈP ǡɡ׏ à᪩ṗ͑ fdisk -l /dev/sda IJΞȘXƗȺ sda ʸśĚt ext3 à᪩ūϬΞ[ʁÐ mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sda ľr4 t£7ȒɥdzÑָȉŦṁẝ ͢Âό࢑Ϭͩ mkfs.ext3 /dev/sda6 Ⱥ ľʸśĚt ext3 âிඣ mke2fs -j /dev/sda6 Ⱥ ľʸśĚt ext3 âிඣ mkfs.ext2 /dev/sda6 Ⱥ ľʸśĚt ext2 âிඣ mke2fs /dev/sda6 Ⱥ ľʸśĚt ext2 âிඣ mkfs.reiserfs /dev/sda6 Ⱥ ľʸśĚt reiserfs âிඣ mkfs.vfat /dev/sda6 Ⱥ ľʸśĚt fat32 âிඣ mkfs.msdos /dev/sda6 Ⱥ ľʸśĚt fat16 âிඣ msdos âிඣɥ« fat16 mkdosfs /dev/sda6 Ⱥ ľʸśĚt fat16 âிඣ Ȑ mkfs.msdos mkswap ՈϬͩ mkswap /dev/sda6 ņǸ ľ& swap dž ľ swapon /dev/sda6 ¤ṁdž ľ swapoff /dev/sda6 ͟⒱dž ľ ľՈ5ś ɡ׏ swap swapon /dev/sda6 ¤ṁdž ľ ľ swapon -s ɡ׏ swap 8.1.3 Ŧṁʐżṁâிඣ ʐ Windows ]Ȑ Linux ¤ƅƌʔ᪂̣῁ᡅඓẋŦṁ̱ň±࿁ūϬ4ɘ͢«ϬՈܰ 3U ֜3̵ȥ਍᪂̣ !ƚ້ǔǭȤᩴŦṁ z«ūϬǀɩ7ȒՈżṁ̱ň ẝPͥȨ֜ ǣₑᢊ4 ᫗Ŧṁ ɥ«Ⱥƌʔ·ᯬՈͱǭɆPȸ ΢4PūǎՈֲơƿ4ẝֲơɥ¤ ੥ˊ 131֜ޅ^ৰ 8 ত âிඣ tr¤᫗ՈŦṁͥ4ẝʳPǡ ȭƌʔ·ᯬՈ᪃⒲ɥḰĚtrȭŦṁͥՈ᪃⒲4njü&ẝ ȸ«PȭP͟ி üǸPŦṁͥȐrǮΓťPƌʔ᪂̣4 ᩨ᪂า4ΞȘ]ūŦṁͥɥϵƷǡūǎŦṁֲơڌľՈ ֜ޅetc/fstab [Ոâ«Ȉ/ úǒɴ͟ƶrႮ¬żṁ̱ň4Ǹ̲ ࢿ¬ƌʔ᪂̣Ξ̵ȥ3U ֜3ࢿ¬ܰ֜਍^dzÑ᪂า&ȳ ¬Ⴎ¬Ŧṁ KdzÑń͢Ârȅʵǒ◄ᡅ¯¬Ŧṁzżṁ4ͼ͛ Ɵࢿ¬·ᯬūϬǀɩ7Ȓ Pǎᡅżṁ±࿁ǚϦ ȪĆϦɴ⏝᪳4 1MʣÛʑLJ mount ʁÐʸśmount [-t vfstype] [-o options] device dir ʁÐ᪸mount ʁÐdzÑȺūǎՈ᪂̣Ŧṁ4>ƌńՈֲơ ƟâிඣŦṁǀtȒ ϬdzỞẋȭ᪩ֲơ̱ňǡǒɴȭūǎ᪂̣Ոâᪿ΅Ո̱ň4 džϔ᪸ -aŦṁ fstab ĉȯՈ¤ƅâிඣ4 -fµŃϘŦṁՈẋ࣏ Â]ǒ┉Ŧṁ᪂̣4 -Fʐ-a džϔP᰻ūϬÑÂᜐ.ÛŦṁɣ᪂̣4 -lº߾¤ƅ>ŦṁՈிඣ ĉŐŻʃੂ4 -L<ʃੂ>ǮŦṁ৪ȌūǎʃੂՈ ľ4 -nńŦṁẋ࣏]ȕ/etc/mtab ΅͑ᰈ4 -o᪂าâிඣŦṁrՈ̱ňdžϔ4 -rÑǮᪿµśŦṁ᪂̣4 -tūǎᡅŦṁՈâିƧ4 -wÑᪿ΅µśŦṁ᪂̣4 bindₑ,ŦṁP᪂̣4,ֲơńŦṁͥ[᪂̣῁dzÑϬ4-- moveîŦṁ᪂̣Ŧṁ4,Ոֲơ[4-- ͼ͛mount ʑLJ^ˏ ŻʣÛļKƖjˌȶʣÛļ^áÝõKȶ˝ ŻȶʣÛļKɃ fʣÛ̢æhʣÛļʲdzįô˫Ƌʳ"ĝŸ̧Ȕ 2M̩ÛʑLJ umount ʁÐʸśumount [-ahnrvV][-t <filesystem type>][filesystem] ʁÐ᪸umount ʁÐdzÑżṁâிඣ4 džϔ᪸ -ażṁ/etc/mtab ᩴơՈ¤ƅâிඣ4 -hº߾z­4 -nżṁr]ᡅȺǍʻƌ͑/etc/mtab â4 -rᆩ\ͩt£żṁ ɑ᪙ÑǮᪿՈ5śₑ,Ŧ͑âிඣ4 -t<filesystem type>±żṁọ-¤ūǎՈâிඣ4 -vËᜐrº߾᪪ඊՈǍʻ4 -Vº߾ČƨǍʻ4 filesystem]┨rָȉūǎâிඣ̲ KdzÑϬ᪂̣ȑࢴzŦṁͥǡᜬ߾âிඣ4] ͼ͛Ɓ>ŶhÉaʐͿʣÛļųˏ umount ɻˊȌK^ˎȋ˲͆ĆȁˎʣÛļ̩ÛK ɷøh>şʣÛGɩÉaKƗɩʣÛļHð9Û͹ȉ 132 Linux ̱ňிඣ‑า^੥ˊ 8.2 ÙX̡ʧ͞ 8.2.1 §¤džाⒸ ᩨՈ swapڌľ Pჰ« swap ʸśՈ4ǔ̶rȅϬĆǕɴ džाⒸŷ 8.1 ᅆ¤᩶Ոdž džाⒸ\ͩƍᱷɌḳâՈżĺƽញᡅ˖4ŷΞ Linux [Ո Oracle ƟƅPϬ ‑Ոĭ ᩨՈdžाⒸǮƅ 1G ɥ◄ᡅȭ͢ẟڌ»ẜ◄ᡅ 2G Ո swap džाⒸ dz ͱƌ& 1Gˊ ᜐÍʉ4§¤ swap džाⒸՈǹɘΞ[4 üǸᡅܲljƅᱷ̻ՈाⒸǡϬň ֜ޅľᡅϬ4 ZՈmŅाⒸ dž֜ޅɡ̼ 1 swap džाⒸ4ȌሔūϬ KVM 1ͣ4̼ɡΙȒdzÑẟ͑[Pǹ4 ńPưএՈâிඣ§¤P swap džâ Âúń/opt/image ֲơ§¤ 2G 2 Ո swap džâ4§¤džâՈʁÐΞ[ dd if=/dev/zero of=/opt/image/swap bs=1024 count=2048000 ⍣Ȓ׏4º߾ZẘúΞ[඗Ș ⍣4Ņό ΞȘt£ PჰĆńό 2048000+0 records in 2048000+0 records out 2097152000 bytes (2.1 GB) copied, 272.867 seconds, 7.7 MB/s 3 ņÂ᪂าdž ľ ʁÐ& mkswap ūϬ5ͩΞ[ mkswap /opt/image/swap ΞȘt£ º߾ZĆẘúΞ[඗Ș Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 2097147 kB 4 ̼ɡɴƅՈdžाⒸ̓Ƀ ʁÐ& free free -m ΞȘt£ º߾ZĆẘúΞ[඗Ș Total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 1011 989 21 0 1 875 -/+ buffers/cache: 112 898 Swap: 1027 0 1027 KdzÑỞẋ̼ɡ meminfo âǡǒɴ 5ͩΞ[ grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo 5 ȳ¬,ʺ¤Ո 2G swap džाⒸ ʁÐ& swapon swapon /opt/image/swap 6 ܲᩨ,ʺ¤Ո 2G džाⒸ>ඓϣά ʁÐ& free -m Total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 1011 995 15 0 4 877 -/+ buffers/cache: 113 897 Swap: 3027 0 3027 KdzÑỞẋ̼ɡ meminfo âǡǒɴ 5ͩΞ[ grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo ੥ˊ 133֜ޅ^ৰ 8 ত âிඣ 7 ǚ Ν /etc/fstab â ū,§¤Ո swap džľȳ¬Ⴎ¬Ẕᜐ 5ͩ«ńâՈżȒ¤ ͑Ξ[Ƌ৪ /opt/image/swap swap swap defaults 0 0 ႷǸǀt§¤ swap dž ľՈ1ň4 8.2.2 $┨džाⒸ Ɵdžľ]͹ᝯ◄ᡅ ɥᡅǎr$┨dž ľÑ₎΢ᝯŤϬՈाⒸ4džâPჰ῁ͣƅ Ɵ̓ՈĿࢳ4ǎ r ₎΢ƷØȭȴʌிඣɳ࿁3ʺ¤ᰈļ-Ϭɋƅǔₑ̓Ո͛54IJ « $┨7ּ QPǎᡅܲᩨ᪩ाⒸ]͹ᝯ◄ᡅ4$┨Ոẋ࣏Ξ[¤߾ ľ]࿁ᝯȳϬ4 ľ]࿁ᝯŦṁ dž ȑ/̴ᩭܰ֜ȥ¬]࿁ණනᝯūϬ ŷ 1 ż੄řՈ¢ͩ«ńεɘµś[ȳ¬ிඣ4ΞȘȥ¬]ĉȯçŁᝯūϬՈ ľ dzÑūϬ ǡ͟⒱ܰ֜ȥ¬ZՈ¤ƅdžाⒸ4 ľՈʁЫ¬4 swapoff ʁÐúȒP[ȳ¬dž 2 Ñ root ᵯéẟ͑ிඣ ṗ͑Ñ[ʁÐǡܲǎdž ľ>ᝯࡅϬ ẝ ₐՈ/dev/hdb2 « dž ľ swapoff /dev/hdb2 º/etc/fstab $┨᪩-ֲ4 3 4 ūϬ parted ʁÐǡ$┨ ľ parted /dev/hdb ͼ͛ŃŪĝ/dev/hdb ĆϙáÝΓƏĝ swap ͈ĝW̝"ŦΦĝÉaʐKh̴ æɬ͛ϙ͈fDZΥĝÉaʐ ľÂ(ǎ ËᜐZPǹȒĆẟ͑ parted ȴ߾ ńẝȴ߾[ṗ͑ print ɡ׏ɴƌՈ 5 ̿$┨Ոdž ľՈƵ᪂̣ǻ ϢȒṗ͑ rm MINOR ẝ ₐՈ MINOR «Ϭ̿$┨Ո ľՈ Ƶ᪂̣ǻ4ẝPͥǔₑᡅ ü&ȭிඣՈΝǜĆএŷϣά ẝẋ࣏«]dzỊՈ üǸȑ/P Ƶɳ⏲͑ǷܲՈƵ᪂̣ǻ4 6 ⏲͑ quit ỄϦ parted ȴ߾৪4 7Z֜ޅľ IJdžâ¹Ϣƌńz ZẴǹɘ͔ᾬǀtȒɥ>ඓńிඣ$┨rdž úŤϬ؄̓ₓՈाⒸ üǸẜᡅËᜐΞ[̱ň$┨džâ 1 Ñ root ᵯéẟ͑ிඣ ࡅϬdžâ ʁÐΞ[ swapoff /swapfile Ǹ̠Ո swapfile ɥ«džâ ɣிඣ3ɣdžâՈȑࢴ῁Ć]Ȑ Ϭà᪩Żdž tႮ=Ոdžâȑ4 º/etc/fstab $┨᪩-ֲ4 2 3 $┨â ʁÐΞ[ rm /swapfile ႷǸ PdžाⒸɥǀ͔ᝯ$┨r ाⒸǣÑ₎΢4 8.3 Ν .
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