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47. AESCHYNANTHUS Jack, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 14: 42

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47. AESCHYNANTHUS Jack, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 14: 42 Flora of China 18: 375–385. 1998. 47. AESCHYNANTHUS Jack, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 14: 42. 1823 (1825). 芒毛苣苔属 mang mao ju tai shu Trichosporum D. Don. Shrubs or climbers, epiphytic or epipetric, not rhizomatous. Stems often pendent, branched or unbranched. Leaves usually many, along stem, opposite, sometimes whorled, equal to subequal in a pair; leaf blade glabrous, rarely puberulent or pubescent, base cuneate to rounded or attenuate. Inflorescences umbel-like, lax or sometimes dense, axillary or pseudoterminal, 1–10-flowered cymes; bracts 2, opposite. Calyx actinomorphic, 5-sect from base to 5- lobed; segments equal, rarely unequal. Corolla red to orange, seldom greenish, yellow, or white, zygomorphic, inside sparsely puberulent, sparsely glandular puberulent, glabrous, or with a hair ring; tube narrowly tubular to funnelform-tubular, often curved, not swollen, much longer than limb, 0.4–1.5 cm in diam.; limb indistinctly or distinctly 2-lipped; adaxial lip 2-lobed; usually equalling, occasionally to 1/2 × length of abaxial lip; abaxial lip 3- lobed, lobes equal or subequal, apex rounded to acute. Stamens 4, adnate to corolla tube near or above middle, usually exserted; anthers basifixed, usually coherent in pairs at apex, thecae parallel, not confluent, dehiscing longitudinally; connective not projecting; staminode 1 or absent, adnate to adaxial side of corolla tube. Disc ringlike. Ovary linear, 1-loculed; placentas 2, parietal, projecting inward, 2-cleft. Stigma 1, terminal, capitate to depressed- globose, undivided. Capsule straight in relation to pedicel, linear, much longer than calyx, dehiscing loculicidally to base; valves 2 or 4, straight, not twisted. Seeds with 1(or 2–50) hairlike appendages, opposite end with 1 hairlike appendage, seldom 1 linear appendage at each end. About 140 species: Asia, Pacific Islands; 34 species in China. The flowers of Aeschynanthus are strongly prontandrous. Consequently, the length of filaments and pistil will vary greatly during the duration of an individual flower. The measurements included in this treatment do not always reflect this variability, and diagnostic use of these characters should be avoided. 1a. Corolla inside with 5 tufts of hairs above base; seeds with 25–50 hairlike appendages at hilar end (unknown in A. sinolongicalyx). 2a. Calyx 3–3.3 cm; corolla 2.4–2.8 cm; stems to 5 m .......................................................... 34. A. sinolongicalyx 2b. Calyx to 1.5 cm; corolla 1.8–2 cm; stems to 40 cm. 3a. Calyx and corolla glabrous outside; calyx segments ca. 15 mm; corolla yellow-green; seeds with ca. 25 hairlike appendages at hilar end; leaves always opposite; leaf blade with adaxial surface drying wrinkled ........................................................................................................................................... 32. A. longicaulis 3b. Calyx glandular puberulent outside, ca. 5 mm; corolla red, sparsely puberulent outside; seeds with ca. 50 hairlike appendages at hilar end; leaves opposite or in whorls of 3; leaf blade with adaxial surface drying nearly smooth ............................................................................................... 33. A. poilanei 1b. Corolla inside glabrous to pubescent or glandular, without tufts of hairs (unknown in A. maculatus); seeds with 1 or 2 hairlike or linear appendages at hilar end (unknown in A. angustioblongus, A. angustissimus, A. dolichanthus, A. lancilimbus, A. lasianthus, A. lasiocalyx, A. medogensis, A. pachytrichus, A. planipetiolatus, and A. tubulosus). 4a. Leaf blade puberulent to pubescent at least on one surface, often glabrescent. 5a. Leaf blades drying papery, margin often 1- or 2-denticulate near apex, abaxially rust-brown pubescent; stems 20–50 cm; pedicel ca. 3 mm; corolla yellow to white; anthers of 4 stamens coherent at apex, ca. 3 mm ......................................................................................................................... 22. A. denticuliger 5b. Leaf blades drying leathery, margin entire, abaxially puberulent; stems to 30 cm; pedicel 4–10 mm; corolla red, often with yellow spots on central abaxial lip lobe; anthers coherent in pairs, 1–2 mm. 6a. Stems puberulent to glabrescent; petiole to 2 mm; leaf blade adaxially drying or wrinkled. 7a. Leaf blade adaxially glabrous, base attenuate to broadly cuneate; cymes pseudoterminal; calyx 5-lobed from near or above middle, segments 2–2.5 mm; corolla inside with short, Flora of China 18: 375–385. 1998. thick hairs near base, adaxial lip nearly erect; staminode ca. 1 mm; capsule 4.5–6 cm; seed appendages 6–10 mm .......................................................................................... 17. A. humilis 7b. Leaf blade adaxially puberulent, glabrescent, base cuneate to rounded; cymes axillary; calyx 5-sect from base, segments ca. 4 mm; corolla inside glabrous, adaxial lip reflexed; staminode ca. 6.5 mm; capsule 9–12 cm; seed appendages 15–20 mm ..................... 20. A. gracilis 6b. Stems densely spreading hispid, sometimes glabrescent; petiole 1–15 mm; leaf blade adaxially drying smooth. 8a. Leaves mostly clustered near stem apex; petiole 1–4(–8) mm; leaf blade obovate to oblong obovate or elliptic, base attenuate to cuneate; cymes pseudoterminal, 2–5-flowered; calyx glabrous outside; corolla 1.7–2 cm, inside puberulent basally; capsule 6–8 cm ... 18. A. andersonii 8b. Leaves in whorls of 3; petiole 10–15 mm; leaf blade narrowly ovate to ovate, base rounded; cymes axillary, 1-flowered; calyx sparsely puberulent outside; corolla ca. 2.9 cm, inside glabrous; capsule ca. 12 cm ............................................................................ 19. A. mengxingensis 4b. Leaf blade glabrous. 9a. Stems pubescent, sericeous, or glandular at least near branch apices. 10a. Leaf blade 0.7–2 cm, apex acute to rounded; stems glabrous, glandular near apex; leaves opposite or in whorls of 3; corolla mouth oblique, limb distinctly 2-lipped, adaxial lip ca. 1/2 × length of abaxial lip ..................................................................................................................................... 21. A. buxifolius 10b. Leaf blade 2.9–12.2 cm, apex attenuate to acute; stems pubescent or sericeous, often glabrescent; leaves opposite; corolla mouth not oblique, limb indistinctly 2-lipped, lips nearly equal. 11a. Stems rust-brown pubescent; petiole 2–3 mm; leaf blade linear to narrowly oblanceolate, 0.4–0.7 cm wide, base attenuate; peduncle 5.2–10 cm; calyx lobes 3.2– 4.5 mm wide; corolla glabrous outside .......................................................... 8. A. angustissimus 11b. Stems brown-sericeous, glabrescent; petiole 3.5–10 mm; leaf blade narrowly ovate to ovate or elliptic, 1.4–2.9 cm wide, base cuneate to rounded; peduncle absent; calyx lobes 0.6–2 mm wide; corolla pilose outside ............................................................................... 15. A. lasianthus 9b. Stems glabrous even when young. 12a. Calyx (3–)5-lobed, tube at least 2 mm. 13a. Leaf blade 4–6.3 cm, abaxially sparsely punctate; calyx tube ca. 2 mm in diam. at mouth; ovary puberulent .................................................................................. 10. A. lancilimbus 13b. Leaf blade 5–23 cm, abaxially not punctate; calyx tube 3–8 mm in diam. at mouth; ovary glabrous. 14a. Calyx lobes 5–9 mm; leaf blade papery; lateral veins distinct .............. 24. A. dolichanthus 14b. Calyx lobes 1–5(–7) mm; leaf blade papery to thick leathery; lateral veins indistinct or invisible. 15a. Pedicels and outer calyx surface puberulent or glandular puberulent; calyx 4–7 mm. 16a. Leaf blade nearly linear to narrowly oblanceolate or narrowly elliptic, 0.8–2(–3) cm wide, base attenuate, adaxially drying wrinkled; stems ca. 100 cm .......................................................................... 31. A. tengchungensis 16b. Leaf blade narrowly elliptic or oblong to oblanceolate-oblong, 1.8–4.5 cm wide, base cuneate, adaxially drying smooth or nearly smooth; stems ca. 30 cm. 17a. Corolla ca. 5.8 cm; leaf blade 7–9 × 1.8–3.3 cm, papery to thin leathery; petiole 5–9 mm; pedicel ca. 12 mm; calyx ca. 7 mm, lobes 3.2–5 mm; style puberulent ................................................................. 25. A. lasiocalyx 17b. Corolla ca. 3 cm; leaf blade 11–13 × 2.8–4.5 cm, thick leathery; petiole Flora of China 18: 375–385. 1998. 9–15 mm; pedicel 4–5 mm; calyx ca. 4 mm, lobes 1.5–1.8 mm; style glabrous ................................................................... 26. A. medogensis 15b. Pedicels glabrous; calyx 9–15 mm. 18a. Corolla 2–3 cm; calyx red-purple or tinged red-purple. 19a. Leaf blade 2.3–4 cm wide, base broadly cuneate, apex acuminate; bracts 5–9 mm ...................................................................... 29. A. hookeri 19b. Leaf blade 1–2.5 cm wide, base attenuate, apex caudate or caudate-acuminate; bracts ca. 3 mm .................................. 30. A. maculatus 18b. Corolla 4–5.5 cm; calyx green. 20a. Calyx 9–10 mm; corolla abaxial lip ca. 1 cm, inside with subulate and triangular hairs basally; staminode ca. 0.5 mm; style ca. 3.2 cm; leaf blade papery to thin leathery; cymes 2–4-flowered ....... 28. A. pachytrichus 20b. Calyx 12–15 mm; corolla abaxial lip 5–6 mm, inside puberulent below middle or sparsely pubescent basally; staminode 5–6 mm; style 1–1.8 cm; leaf blade leathery; cymes 2–11-flowered. 21a. Leaf blade adaxial surface drying smooth; bracts deciduous; corolla mouth not oblique; anthers 1.2–2 mm; seeds with 1 hairlike
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