Pilot React to the Automated Cockpit Glass Cockpit Study Reveals
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Cockpit Image Recorders: a Picture Is Worth a Thousand Words
Cockpit Image Recorders 1051 t1152111 2005, CCH INCORPORATED. All Rights Reserved. Reprinted with permission from "Issues in Aviation Law and Policy." Cockpit Image Recorders: A Picture Is Worth a Thousand Words by David E. Rapoport and Paul D. Richter May 2005 Everywhere we go our moves are randomly recorded, but sug- gest a video camera be placed in the cockpit of an aircraft, a pilot's workplace, and watch out! The pilot unions immediately switch off the auto-pilot and begin complaining how this would be a clear and abominable violation of their members' privacy rights. Do bankers, gas station attendants, convenience store clerks, jailers, blackjack dealers and doormen colnplain about cameras in their workplaces? Would we listen if they did? For the last four years, the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board's (NTSB) goal of putting video cameras in the cockpits of large commercial jets has been frustrated, in large part, by the efforts of the major pilot unions. This article will review the efforts by the NTSB and others to require video cameras in the cockpits of large transport category aircraft, discuss the arguments for and against this proposal, and conclude the time has coine for the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to put safety first and follow the NTSB's five-year-old recommendation that it mandate video cameras in the cockpit. Cockpit Video Image Recorders Are Now on the NTSB's "Most Wanted" List The NTSB, an independent Federal agency, is charged by Congress with investigating every civil aviation accident in the United States.' The NTSB's primary function is to promote safety Issues in Aviation Law and Policy 1052 Aviation Safety/Security it1 tran~portation.~Since inception, the NTSB has investigated more than 124,000 aviation accidents. -
Mise En Page 1
Military EC725 002 EC725 EC725 003 EC725 DESIGNED FOR THE MOST DEMANDING MISSIONS A COMBAT PROVEN MULTI-ROLE HELICOPTER Introduced in 2005, the EC725 has proven itself in combat service worldwide: Afghanistan, Lybia and Mali. An evolution from the experience gained with the Cougar family, the EC725 is the latest version of this medium lift (11-ton class) helicopter. The EC725 is equipped with: • Two latest generation Turbomeca Makila 2A1 engines • A five-blade rotor providing high levels of maneuverability • A state-of the-art glass cockpit and avionics • The most advanced Automatic Flight Control System. The EC725 excels in a full range of military missions: • Special Operations • Combat Search and Rescue • Tactical transport • Casualty / medical evacuation. As well as in public service missions: • Search and Rescue • Firefighting • Coast Guard • Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) protection. The EC725 - a truly multi-purpose, versatile military asset – has the capability to operate both from ships and from ashore. 004 EC725 The most demanding missions Special Ops, Combat SAR and Personal Recovery missions require performance, precise navigation and survivability; qualities for which the EC725 is outstanding. The French Forces are successfully operating the EC725 in the harshest environments. The success of the EC725 demonstrated in Afghanistan and Libya, reflects its excellent capabilities as a Force Multiplier and the ability of this aircraft to offer decisive tactical advantage to any operator. EC725 005 Mission Capabilities Major mission -
How a Cockpit Remembers Its Speeds
COGNITIVE SCIENCE 19, 265-288 (1995) How a Cockpit Remembers Its Speeds EDWIN HUTCHINS University of California, San Diego Cognitive science normally takes the individual agent as its unit of analysis. In many human endeavors, however, the outcomes of interest are not determined entirely by the information processing properties of individuals. Nor can they be inferred from the properties of the individual agents, alone, no matter how detailed the knowledge of the properties of those individuals may be. In com- mercial aviation, for example, the successful completion of a flight is produced by a system that typically includes two or more pilots interacting with each other and with a suite of technological devices. This article presents a theoretical framework that tokes a distributed, socio-technical system rather than an indi- vidual mind as its primary unit of analysis. This framework is explicitly cognitive in that it is concerned with how information is represented and how representa- tions are transformed and propagated in the performance of tasks. An analysis of a memory task in the cockpit of a commercial airliner shows how the cognitive properties of such distributed systems can differ radically from the cognitive properties of the individuals who inhabit them. Thirty years of research in cognitive psychology and other areas of cognitive science have given us powerful models of the information processing prop- erties of individual human agents. The cognitive science approach provides a very useful frame for thinking about thinking. When this frame is applied to the individual human agent, one asks a set of questions about the mental An initial analysis of speed bugs as cognitive artifacts was completed in November of 1988. -
Faa Ac 20-186
U.S. Department Advisory of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration Circular Subject: Airworthiness and Operational Date: 7/22/16 AC No: 20-186 Approval of Cockpit Voice Recorder Initiated by: AFS-300 Change: Systems 1 GENERAL INFORMATION. 1.1 Purpose. This advisory circular (AC) provides guidance for compliance with applicable regulations for the airworthiness and operational approval for required cockpit voice recorder (CVR) systems. Non-required installations may use this guidance when installing a CVR system as a voluntary safety enhancement. This AC is not mandatory and is not a regulation. This AC describes an acceptable means, but not the only means, to comply with Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR). However, if you use the means described in this AC, you must conform to it in totality for required installations. 1.2 Audience. We, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), wrote this AC for you, the aircraft manufacturers, CVR system manufacturers, aircraft operators, Maintenance Repair and Overhaul (MRO) Organizations and Supplemental Type Certificate (STC) applicants. 1.3 Cancellation. This AC cancels AC 25.1457-1A, Cockpit Voice Recorder Installations, dated November 3, 1969. 1.4 Related 14 CFR Parts. Sections of 14 CFR parts 23, 25, 27, 29, 91, 121, 125, 129, and 135 detail design substantiation and operational approval requirements directly applicable to the CVR system. See Appendix A, Flowcharts, to determine the applicable regulations for your aircraft and type of operation. Listed below are the specific 14 CFR sections applicable to this AC: • Part 23, § 23.1457, Cockpit Voice Recorders. • Part 23, § 23.1529, Instructions for Continued Airworthiness. -
2021 AHNA Options Catalogue
OPTIONS CATALOGUE 2021 Return to the Table of Contents Contact and Order Information U.S.A: +1 800-COPTER-1 [email protected] Canada: +1 800-267-4999 [email protected] © July 2021 Airbus Helicopters, all rights reserved. 002 | Options Catalogue 2021 Options Catalogue INTRODUCTION At Airbus Helicopters in North America, our engineering excellence and completions capability is an integral part of meeting your operating requirements. We are committed to providing OEM approved equipment modifications that further enhance your experience with our product line. This catalogue illustrates a grouping of our most important and interesting options available for the H125, H130, H135, and H145 aircraft families. Airbus Helicopters, Inc. is a certified “Design Approval Organization” by the Federal Aviation Administration. Airbus Helicopters Canada is a certified “Design Approval Organization” by Transport Canada. As customer centers, we have also been recognized as an Authorized Design Organization by the Airbus Helicopters Group (AH Group). For more information, please visit Airbus World or see contact information on the next page. Airbus Helicopters' Airbus World customer portal simplifies customers’ daily operations and allows them to focus on what really matters: their business. Air- bus World is an innovative online platform for accessing technical publications, placing orders and quotations, managing fleet data as well as warranty claims, and receiving quick responses to support and services questions. Airbus Helicopters reserves the right to make configuration and data changes at any time without notice. Information contained in this document is expressed in good faith and does not constitute any offer or contract with Airbus Helicopters. -
Advanced Technology Aircraft Phase 1
Department of Transport Bureau of Air Safety Investigation Advanced Technology Aircraft Phase 1 SAB/IP/94/01 RP/91/04 Released by the Director of the Bureau of Air Safety Investigation under the provisions of Air Navigation Regulation 283 When the Bureau makes recommendations as a result of its investigations or research, safety (in accordance with its charter) is its primary consideration. However, the Bureau fully recognises that the implementation of recommendations arising from its investigations will in some cases incur a cost to the industry. ISBN no. 0 642 20225 7 April 1994 lhsreport was produced by the Bureau of Air Safety Investigation (BASI), PO Box 967, Civic Square ACT 2608. The Director of the Bureau authorised the investigation and the publication of this report pursuant to his delegated powers conferred by Air Navigation Regulations 278 and 283 respectively. Readers are advised that the Bureau investigates for the sole purpose of enhancing aviation safety. Consequently, Bureau reports are confined to matters of safety significance and may be misleading if used for any other purpose. As BASI believes that safety information is of greatest value if it is passed on for the use of others, copyright restrictions do not apply to material printed in this report. Readers are encouraged to copy or reprint for further distribution, but should acknowledge BASI as the source. ii CONTENTS Page Summary iv Abbreviations V 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Definition 1 1.2 Objectives 1 2 Safety Issues Pertinent to Advanced Technology Aircraft 3 2.1 -
Cockpit Human Factors Research Requirements
© U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration COCKPIT HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH REQUIREMENTS COCKPIT HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH REQUIREMENTS prepared by: U.S. Department of Transportation Research and Special Programs Administration Transportation Systems Center Cambridge, MA02142 for U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration Washington, DC 20591 APRIL, 1989 Table Of Contents SECTION _ PAGE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION 4 1.1 HISTORY 4 1.2 BACKGROUND 5 1.3 CIVIL AVIATION HUMAN FACTORS ACTIVITIES OUTSIDE THE FAA 5 1.4 SPECIFIC APPLICATION AREAS 6 1.4.1 Aircraft Automation 6 1.4.2 Right Deck Certification 7 1.4.3 Warning and Alerting Systems 7 1.4.4 Operator Errors andAccident Analysis 8 1.4.5 Displays 9 1.4.6 Controls 10 1.4.7 Right Crew Training 10 2.0 OVERVIEW 13 2.1 PROGRAM RATIONALE 13 2.2 OBJECTIVES OF THIS DOCUMENT 14 2.3 PROGRAM OPERATIONS 14 2.4 PROGRAM DESCRIPTION 15 3.0 RESEARCH REQUIREMENTS 17 3.1 COCKPIT AUTOMATION 19 3.1.1 Pilot Intervention andControl (Manual Reversion) 20 3.1.2 Pilot Proficiency and Automated Systems 21 SECTION PAGE 3.2 DISPLAYS AND CONTROLS 23 3.2.1 Information Transfer (Right Deck Information Requirements) 24 3.2.2 InformationTransfer (DisplayDesign) 26 3.2.3 Standardization of Right Deck Displays, Controls, and Procedures 28 3.2.4 Human Performance Criteria for Terminal Procedures 29 3.2.5 Human Performance Criteria for Instrument Procedure Charts 30 3.2.6 Weather Information Collection and Dissemination 32 3.2.7 RotorcraftDisplay and Control-IFR Requirements -
Digital Fly-By-Wire
TF-2001-02 DFRC Digital Fly-By-Wire "The All-Electric Airplane" Skies around the world are being filled with a new generation of military and commercial aircraft, and the majority of them are beneficiaries of one of the most significant and successful research programs conducted by NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center -- the Digital Fly-By-Wire flight control system. The Dryden DFBW program has changed the way commercial and military aircraft are designed and flown. Aircraft with fly-by- wire systems are safer, more reliable, easier to fly, more NASA F-8 modified to test a digital fly-by-wire flight control system. maneuverable and fuel NASA Photo ECN 3276 efficient, and maintenance costs are reduced. Flight control systems link pilots in their cockpits with moveable control surfaces out on the wings and tails. These control surfaces give aircraft directional movement to climb, bank, turn, and descend. Since the beginning of controlled flight in the early 1900s, wires, cables, bellcranks, and pushrods were the traditional means of connecting the control surfaces to the control sticks and rudder pedals in the cockpits. As aircraft grew in weight and size, hydraulic mechanisms were added as boosters because more power was needed to move the controls. The Digital Fly-By-Wire (DFBW) program, flown from 1972 to 1985, proved that an electronic flight control system, teamed with a digital computer, could successfully replace mechanical control systems. 1 Electric wires are the linkage between the cockpit automatically compensates -- as many as 40 and control surfaces on a DFBW aircraft. Command commands a second -- to keep the aircraft in a stable signals from the cockpit are processed by the digital environment. -
Evaluation of Two Unique Side Stick Controllers in a Fixed-Base Flight Simulator
NASA/TM-2003-212042 Evaluation of Two Unique Side Stick Controllers in a Fixed-Base Flight Simulator Jann Mayer and Timothy H. Cox NASA Dryden Flight Research Center Edwards, California December 2003 The NASA STI Program Office…in Profile Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated • CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. to the advancement of aeronautics and space Collected papers from scientific and science. The NASA Scientific and Technical technical conferences, symposia, seminars, Information (STI) Program Office plays a key or other meetings sponsored or cosponsored part in helping NASA maintain this by NASA. important role. • SPECIAL PUBLICATION. Scientific, The NASA STI Program Office is operated by technical, or historical information from Langley Research Center, the lead center for NASA programs, projects, and mission, NASA’s scientific and technical information. often concerned with subjects having The NASA STI Program Office provides access substantial public interest. to the NASA STI Database, the largest collection of aeronautical and space science STI in the • TECHNICAL TRANSLATION. English- world. The Program Office is also NASA’s language translations of foreign scientific institutional mechanism for disseminating the and technical material pertinent to results of its research and development activities. NASA’s mission. These results are published by NASA in the NASA STI Report Series, which includes the Specialized services that complement the STI following report types: Program Office’s diverse offerings include creating custom thesauri, building customized databases, organizing and publishing research • TECHNICAL PUBLICATION. Reports of results…even providing videos. completed research or a major significant phase of research that present the results of For more information about the NASA STI NASA programs and include extensive data Program Office, see the following: or theoretical analysis. -
Influence of Coupled Sidesticks on the Pilot Monitoring's Awareness
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Institute of Transport Research:Publications Influence of Coupled Sidesticks on the Pilot Monitoring's Awareness During Flare Alan F. Uehara∗ and Dominik Niedermeiery DLR (German Aerospace Center), Braunschweig, Germany, 38108 Passive sidesticks have been used in modern fly-by-wire commercial airplanes since the late 1980s. These passive sidesticks typically do not feature a mechanical coupling between them, so the pilot's and copilot's sidesticks move independently. This characteristic disabled the pilot monitoring (PM) to perceive the control inputs of the pilot flying (PF). This can lead to problems of awareness in abnormal situations. The development of active inceptor technology made it possible to electronically couple two sidesticks emulating a mechanical coupling. This research focuses on the benefits of coupled sidesticks to the situation awareness of the PM. The final approach and landing scenario was considered for this study. Twelve pilots participated in the simulator experiment. Results suggest that the coupling between sidesticks, allowing the PM to perceive the PF's inputs, can improve the PM's situation awareness. Nomenclature ADI Attitude Director Indicator PF Pilot Flying AGL Above Ground Level PFD Primary Flight Display ATC Air Traffic Control PM Pilot Monitoring DLR German Aerospace Center PNF Pilot Not Flying FAA Federal Aviation Administration SA Situation Awareness FBW Fly-By-Wire SOP Standard Operating Procedure FCS Flight Control System TOGA Takeoff/Go-Around KCAS Knots Calibrated Airspeed VMC Visual Meteorological Conditions IMC Instrument Meteorological Conditions I. Introduction he control inceptors and the actuators of the control surfaces are mechanically decoupled in fly-by-wire T(FBW) airplanes. -
Fly-By-Wire: Getting Started on the Right Foot and Staying There…
Fly-by-Wire: Getting started on the right foot and staying there… Imagine yourself getting into the cockpit of an aircraft, finishing your preflight checks, and taxiing out to the runway ready for takeoff. You begin the takeoff roll and start to rotate. As you lift off, you discover your side stick controller is not responding correctly to your commands. Panic sets in, and you feel that you’ve lost total control of the aircraft. Thanks to quick action from your second in command, he takes over and stabilizes the aircraft so that you both can plan to return to the airport under reversionary mode. This situation could have been a catastrophe. This happened in August of 2001. A Lufthansa Airbus A320 came within less than two feet and a few seconds of crashing during takeoff on a planned flight from Frankfurt to Paris. Preliminary reports indicated that maintenance was performed on the captain’s sidestick controller immediately before the incident. This had inadvertently created a situation in which control inputs were reversed. The case reveals that at least two "filters," or safety defenses, were breached, leading to a near-crash shortly after rotation at Frankfurt’s Runway 18. Quick action by the first officer prevented a catastrophe. Lufthansa Technik personnel found a damaged pin on one segment of the four connector segments (with 140 pins on each) at the "rack side," as it were, of the avionics mount. This incident prompted an article to be published in the 2003 November-December issue of the Flight Safety Mechanics Bulletin. The report detailed all that transpired during the maintenance and subsequent release of the aircraft. -
Flight Deck Solutions, Technologies and Services Moving the Industry Forward Garmin Innovation Brings Full Integration to Business Flight Operations and Support
FLIGHT DECK SOLUTIONS, TECHNOLOGIES AND SERVICES MOVING THE INDUSTRY FORWARD GARMIN INNOVATION BRINGS FULL INTEGRATION TO BUSINESS FLIGHT OPERATIONS AND SUPPORT From web-based flight planning, fleet scheduling and tracking services to integrated flight display technology, head-up displays, advanced RNP navigation, onboard weather radar, Data Comm datalinks and much more — Garmin offers an unrivaled range of options to help make flying as smooth, safe, seamless and reliable as it can possibly be. Whether you operate a business jet, turboprop or hard-working helicopter, you can look to Garmin for industry-leading solutions scaled to fit your needs and your cockpit. The fact is, no other leading avionics manufacturer offers such breadth of capability — or such versatile configurability — in its lineup of flight deck solutions for aircraft manufacturers and aftermarket upgrades. When it comes to bringing out the best in your aircraft, Garmin innovation makes all the difference. CREATING A VIRTUAL REVOLUTION IN GLASS FLIGHT DECK SOLUTIONS By presenting key aircraft performance, navigation, weather, terrain routings and so on. The map function is designed to interface with a and traffic information, in context, on large high-resolution color variety of sensor inputs, so it’s easy to overlay weather, lightning, traffic, displays, today’s Garmin glass systems bring a whole new level of terrain, towers, powerlines and other avoidance system advisories, as clarity and simplicity to flight. The screens offer wide viewing angles, desired. These display inputs are selectable, allowing the pilot to add advanced backlighting and crystal-sharp readability, even in bright or deselect overlays to “build at will” the map view he or she prefers for sunlight.