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Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen 3 NEDERLANDSE FAUNISTISCHE MEDEDELINGEN 3 TABEL EN VERSPREIDINGSATLAS VAN DE NEDERLANDSE NIET-PARASITAIRE MEGACHILIDAE (Hymenoptera: Apidae) G. VAN DER ZANDEN met tekeningen van J. J. A. M. Wessendorp 1982 Stichting European Invertebrate Survey - Nederland Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden, Nederland NEDERLANDSE FAUNISTISCHE MEDEDELINGEN 3 TABEL EN VERSPREIDINGSATLAS VAN DE NEDERLANDSE NIET-PARASITAIRE MEGACHILIDAE (Hymenoptera: Apidae) G. VAN DER ZANDEN met tekeningen van J. J. A. M. Wessendorp 1982 Stichting European Invertebrate Survey - Nederland Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden, Nederland Copyright 1982 by Centraal Bureau Nederland van de European Invertebrate Survey, Leiden, the Netherlands All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or translated in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm or any other means without the written permission from the publisher. De serie NEDERLANDSE FAUNISTISCHE MEDEDELINGEN wordt uitgegeven door de Stichting European Invertebrate Survey-Nederland. De serie staat onder redactie van J. van Tol en P.J. van Helsdingen (Leiden) In deze serie worden artikelen opgenomen die betrekking hebben op de fauna van Nederland. De minimale omvang van de bijdragen bedraagt 36 bladzijden. De nadruk ligt op de resultaten van het onderzoek in het kader van de European Invertebrate Survey-Nederland naar het voorkomen en de verspreiding van ongewervelde dieren. Ook determineertabellen kunnen worden opgenomen. Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen, 3: 1-47. TABEL EN VERSPREIDINGSATLAS VAN DE NEDERLANDSE NIET-PARASITAIRE MEGACHILIDAE (Hymenoptera: Apidae) G. van der Zanden Jongkindstraat 2, 5645 JV Eindhoven Inhoud 1. Inleiding 1. Inleiding 3 Deze atlas behandelt de verspreiding van de in 2. Iets over de levenswijze 4 Nederland voorkomende solitaire bijensoorten, 3. Lijst van de Nederlandse niet-parasitaire welke behoren tot de zg. 'buikverzamelaars'. De Megachilidae 5 wijfjes van deze soorten verzamelen en vervoeren 4. Materiaal 5 het stuifmeel op een borstel op de buik, de 5. Determineertabellen 7 buikschuier of scopa. Iets meer systematisch ge- 6. Verspreidingskaarten 19 zegd: het betreft de inlandse soorten der Mega- 7. Literatuur 44 chilidae uit de genera Anthidiellum Cockerell, 8. Samenvatting 45 Anthidium Fabricius, Anthocopa Lepeletier, 9. Summary 46 Chalicodoma Lepeletier, Chelostoma Latreille, 10. Bijlage 46 Heriades Spinola, Hoplitis Klug, Megachile La- 11. Index 47 treille en Trachusa Panzer. Het gaat in totaal om veertig soorten, van de circa 1200 welke in het palearctisch gebied voorkomen. Naast determineertabellen voor de opgenomen soorten wordt het voornaamste deel van de in- houd gevormd door verspreidingskaarten per Teken ingen: J.J.A.M. We s sendorp soort, met daarbij een beknopt overzicht van de nestbouw, de parasieten, de verspreiding in het palearctisch gebied, in het bijzonder in Neder- land, de vliegdata en de meest bezochte voed- selplanten. Ontvangen: 2 september 1980 4 Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen, 3 Indien te zijner tijd de verspreiding van de lend en hoogst interessant en heeft dan ook parasitaire bijen ook op een dergelijke wijze reeds tot een groot aantal publicaties aanlei- in kaart wordt gebracht, zal het interessant ding gegeven. Reeds de Reverend Gilbert White, zijn na te gaan of er een duidelijke overeen- in het kostelijke boekje 'White's Natural komst in het verspreidingspatroon van waard, History of Seiborne', schreef in 1777 over resp. parasiet vast te stellen valt. Bij de sa- 'a wild bee frequenting the garden campion for menstelling van het overzicht van de parasieten the sake of its tomentum, which, probably, it zijn er ook enkele genoemd die in ons land nog turns to some purpose in the business of nidi- niet werden verzameld, doch wel in de omringende fication'. Hiermee had hij vermoedelijk Anthi- landen voorkomen. dium manicatum op het oog. Desondanks is van sommige soorten nog maar weinig bekend; voor B.E. Bouwman publiceerde in 1922 en 1925 in veldbiologen ligt hier nog een ruim studieob- 'De Levende Natuur' tabellen voor de Nederlandse ject. soorten van het geslacht Osmia, resp. Megachile. Sindsdien zijn deze nooit herzien, terwijl boven- Onze inlandse soorten nestelen in natuurlijke dien de lijst van de Nederlandse fauna met een of kunstmatige holten (o.a. slakkehuisjes) of flink aantal soorten is uitgebreid, t.w. Antho- metselen zelf één of meer cellen tegen een sub- copa villosa, Hoplitis anthocopoides, H. ravouxi, straat. Als nestbekleding worden stukjes blad, Osmia parietina, Megachile alpicola, M. pyrenaea, afgeknipt van struiken of bloemen, gebruikt. M. lapponica en Chelostoma distinctum. Verder Andere soorten schrapen daarvoor viltige haren is Megachile lagopoda (L.), die Bouwman nog van bepaalde plantedelen. De 'metselende' soor- noemt, niet inlands. Alle exemplaren in oude ten gebruiken modder, leem en/of hars. Vooral collecties met inlands materiaal bleken te be- soorten als Anthocopa papaveris en Megachile horen tot M. maritima. Het maken van nieuwe de- centuncularis, die soms qebruik maken van fel termineertabellen was dus een eerste vereiste. gekleurde blauwe of rode bloemblaadjes (zoals klaprozen en Pelargonium) hebben door hun op• Bij de in de overzichten per soort gegeven sy- vallend gedrag veel aandacht gekregen. noniemen zijn alleen naamsveranderingen uit de laatste jaren genoemd. Sommige soorten zijn (bijna) exclusief aan een bepaalde voedselplant gebonden. De meeste soor- ten bevliegen echter een scala van bloemsoorten voor het verwerven van nectar en stuifmeel. 2. Iets over de levenswijze De nesten worden door een groot aantal parasie- ten belaagd. Deze parasieten tasten óf de larve, De Megachilidae behoren tot de 'solitaire' bij- óf diens voedselvoorraad, óf beide aan. Voor de en, d.w.z. dat elk wijfje haar eigen nestgelegen- parasieten uit de groep van de aculeate Hymeno- heid maakt. Wel kan het voorkomen dat een aantal ptera zijn enkele relaties min of meer met wijfjes vlak bij elkaar nestelt, waardoor een zekerheid vastgesteld. Echter ook hier is het soort 'kolonievorming' ontstaat. Echter gaat dan beeld nog lang niet volledig, vooral omdat in toch elk wijfje haar eigen gang; geen enkele ac- een aantal gevallen de vaststelling slechts be- tiviteit wordt gemeenschappelijk verricht. rust op het samenvliegen bij de nesten of bij Een populaire naam voor deze groep is 'buikverza- bloembezoek van waard en parasiet. Het aantal melaars'. Door de wijfjes wordt stuifmeel met be- gevallen waarin de parasiet werkelijk uit het hulp van de poten, voornamelijk de achterpoten, nest van de waardsoort werd gekweekt is nog be- op een aan de onderzijde van het achterlijf aan- perkt . wezige buikschuier gebracht en zo naar het nest vervoerd. De nestbouw van deze soorten is zeer verschil- Van der Zanden - Nederlandse niet-parasitaire Megachilidae 5 30. M. analis Nylander, 1852 3. Lijst van de Nederlandse 31. M. centuncularis (Linnaeus, 1758) 32. M. circumcincta (Kirby, 1802) niet-parasitaire Megachilidae 33. M. lapponica Thomson, 1872 34. M. leachella Curtis, 1828 Familie MEGACHILIDAE 35. M. ligniseca (Kirby, 1802) 36. M. maritima (Kirby, 1802) Genus Chelostoma 37. M. pyrenaea Pérez, 1890 1. C. campanularum (Kirby, 1802) 38. M. versicolor Smith, 1844 2. C. distinctum (Stöckert, 1929) 39. M. willughbiella (Kirby, 1802) 3. C. florisomne (Linnaeus, 1758) 4. C. fuliginosum (Panzer, 1798) Genu s Chalicodoma Genus Heriades 5. H. truncorum (Linnaeus, 1758) 40. C. ericetorum (Lepeletier, 1841) Genus Anthocopa 6. A. papaveris (Latreille, 1799) 7. A. villosa (Schenck, 1853) 4. Materiaal 8. A. spinulosa (Kirby, 1802) De verspreidingskaarten (p. 24 en verder) zijn Genus Hoplitis gebaseerd op het materiaal dat aanwezig is in de 9. H. adunca (Panzer, 1798) Nederlandse collecties, aangevuld met één Bel• 10. H. anthocopoides (Schenck, 1853) gische collectie. Daarnaast werd gebruik gemaakt 11. H. claviventris (Thomson, 1872) van een enkele betrouwbare waarneming en een 12. H. leucomelana (Kirby, 1802) aantal (meest vrij oude) opaaven in de litera• 13. H. ravouxi (Pérez, 1902) tuur. Een overzicht van de bewerkte collecties Genus Osmia en de daarvoor gebruikte nummers bij de codering 14. O. aurulenta (Panzer, 1799) is te vinden in Tabel 1. 15. O. bicolor (Schranck, 1781) Het aantal verwerkte gegevens is moeilijk exact 16. O. caerulescens (Linnaeus, 1758) op te geven, maar kan bij benadering worden af• 17. O. cornuta (Latreille, 1809) geleid uit het aantal gemaakte ponskaarten (voor 18. O. fulviventris (Panzer, 1798) mannetje en wijfje per soort één kaart per 19. O. leaiana (Kirby. 1802) vangstdatum en -plaats), nl. 6018 stuks. Aange• 20. O. maritima Friese, 1885 zien het aantal exemplaren per vangst varieert 21. O. parietina Curtis, 1828 van meestal één tot in uitzonderingsgevallen 22. O. rufa (Linnaeus, 1758) twintig stuks, komt een globale schatting op ca. 23. O. uncinata Gerstäcker, 1869 20.000 exemplaren. Gezien het beschikbare mate• 24. O. xanthomelana (Kirby, 1802) riaal zijn voor de samenstelling van de kaarten Genus Trachusa geen speciale vangexcursies gehouden. 25. T. byssina (Panzer, 1798) Bij het verzamelde materiaal was in ca. één vijfde van de gevallen aangegeven op welke plant Genus Anthidiellum het dier werd gevangen. In het algemeen zou 26. A. strigatum (Panzer, 1805) hieraan bij het vangen meer aandacht moeten wor• Genus Anthidium den besteed I In de opgaven van de bevlogen 27. A. manicatum (Linnaeus, 1758) planten zijn in deze atlas uitsluitend de gege• 28. A. punctatum Latreille, 1809 vens verwerkt die op de
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