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Book Reviews Missiology: an Ecumenical Introduction Book Reviews Missiology: An Ecumenical Introduction. Texts and Contexts of Global Christianity. Edited byF.J. Verstraelen (gen.ed.i.A. Camps, L. A. Hoedemaker, and Marc R. Spindler. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1995. Pp. vii, 498. Paperback $24.99. The Dutch have always had a particular ship between God and the world" (p, 4). the time of Columbus and Vasco da Gama genius for missiology. This ecumenical Both the mission of God and the sentness (1492) to the twentieth century. Ecumeni­ introduction, an updated and revised En­ of the church must be examined in close cal mission begins with the IMC integra­ glish translation of the 1988 Dutch origi­ relation to biblical and systematic theol­ tion into the WCC (1961) and Ecumenical nal, demonstrates our continuing indebt­ ogy. An "ecumenical" approach recog­ CouncilVatican II (1962-65). "Missionary edness to ground-breaking contributions nizes the plurality of faith perspectives vitality" is shown by newer contextual by Dutch missiologists. An integrated held by missiologists as well as the diver­ theologies in Africaand Asia, and by Latin missiological handbook could probably sity of geographic, cultural, religious, and American liberation theology. American have been produced only in the Nether­ other missionary contexts. We cannot yet Protestant missions and current evange­ lands, where Reformed and Catholic speak of an "ecumenical missiology" (p. listic efforts in Russia are examined. missiologists have closely collaborated for 437), but the authors hope for a "shared The conclusion outlines the genesis decades. The result is a systematic work of conversion to the essentials" of a common of a common missiology in the Nether­ Continentalscholarship-comprehensive, missiology. lands and reviews currenttrends. Today's balanced, and analytic-which offers The survey opens with sketches of leading missiological options are said to correctives to the more pragmatic and the"experience of Christianity" in several be church growth, theology of dialogue, results-oriented efforts of North Ameri­ geographicregions: the MiddleEast, Neth­ and liberation theology. Catholic, ecu­ can missiologists. erlands, China, Ghana, Indonesia, and menical Protestant, and evangelical mis­ An opening query about the mean­ Brazil. These demonstrate the polycentric sion movements are analyzed. ing of missiology first evokes an unquali­ diversity of global Christianity and the With the rise of polycentric global fied negative answer-it is not the study unique forms, problems, and yearnings Christianity, missiology has the task of of Christian expansion from the West­ peculiar to each region. Six essays explore fostering cross-cultural communication then a more tentative reply. It is a disci­ the meaning of unity and diversity occa­ and of beingthe "initiatorand mediatorin pline "searching for a new working self­ sioned by "appeal to one holy scripture as dealing with the new challenge that theol­ definition" (p. 2). Missiology examines the focus of unity in a complex and di­ ogy will face on every side" (p. 467). the multiplicity of processes in which verse Christianity" (p. 121). Missiology Missiology's contribution toward main­ Christianity is involved globally, both must re-examine the biblical foundations taining the unity of global Christianity planned and unplanned. It studies the for the why, how, and what of mission; will lie in making sense of Christian plu­ "movement of Christianity," using in­ address questions ofbiblicalhermeneutics ralism. Readers will be challenged by sights from church history, cultural an­ in various interpretive contexts; and de­ many propositions put forward here. thropology, religious studies, or sociol­ velop a theological model for the Chris­ -James A. Scherer ogy, but always from a "faith perspec­ tian approach to people of other faiths. tive." A historical sectiontraces missionary James A. Scherer is Professor Emeritus, Lutheran "Mission is ... the dynamic relation- motives, methods, and relationships from School of Theology at Chicago. Arab and Christian? Christians in ture and economic theory rather than for the Middle East. the spirit of the risen Christ. Even when Protestant missionaries worked hard at By Anton Wessels. Kampen: KokPharos Pub­ conversion, they found that members of lishingHouse,1995. Pp. 255. Paperback DFI ancient Christian communities (e.g., Ar­ 59. menian and Greek Orthodox) were more open to their evangelical invitations than It is clear that AntonWessels is a historian. Arab and Christian? also is a study of either Muslims or Jews. Even when he deals with the future of the mission, for Wessels looks carefully at The translation of Wessels's book is church in the Middle East, he approaches efforts to spread the Gospel in the lands sometimes awkward and ambiguous. It is the question with a scholarly look at the where the Good News first was preached. such an important work that one hopes the past. He shows, for example, that the de­ Throughout the book he looks at mission rough places will be made plain English in cline of the church in the Middle East strategies that failed largely because they later editions. This excellent book is made predates the rise of Islam; in large parts of were long on enthusiasm and short on even more helpful by thorough endnotes the region the decline occurred because understanding. And he demonstrates that and a full index and by a very extensive Christianity was essentially Roman and the enthusiasm of the nineteenth-century bibliography of works published in En­ failed to become indigenous. missionaries often was for Western cul­ glish, French, German, Dutch, and Arabic. January 1997 31 In a time when Christians in Europe to the building of a more humane world. A Christian Theology of Religions: and North America as well as advocates Then, says Wessels, "one will be able to The Rainbow of Faiths. for the Gospel in other lands must deal speak in the third millennium of both with Islam and Judaism, this volume pro­ Arab and Christian." By John Hick. Louisville, Ky.: Westminster/ vides a thoughtful analysis of the interac­ -J. Martin Bailey John KnoxPress, 1995. Pp.x, 160.Paperback tions among the Abrahamic faiths in the $14.99. Middle East. The author's careful treat­ J. MartinBailey, a volunteer in mission serving the ment of the rise of fundamentalism in all Middle East Council ofChurches underappointment One Earth Many Religions: three faiths is especially noteworthy. oftheCommon Mission Board oftheUnited Church Multifaith Dialogue and Global In the end,Wessels iscautiouslyhope­ ofChrist andtheDisciples ofChrist, works primarily Responsibility. ful. If the church becomes what Jean withtheArabChristian community inPalestine and Corbon calls "the community of God and Israel. Healso serves ascommunication consultant By Paul F. Knitter. Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Arabs," it will make a unique contribution to churches throughout theMiddle East. Books, 1995. Pp. xiv, 218. Paperback $16.95. Both of these books represent what has come to be known as the pluralist position regarding Christianity's relation to other religions. Both are lucid and respond to various criticisms made of the pluralist THE PEW CHARITABLE TRUSTS approach. They are also similar in eventu­ ally arguing that the truth of a religion is known by its ethical fruits. However (like Research Advancement Grants for Projects good pluralists), they are dissimilar in on Christian Mission and World Christianity their route to this common goal: Hick via a Kantian-type philosophical framework and Knitter via a ecopolitical-liberationist The Religion Program of The Pew Charitable Trusts invites route. The commonality in their dissimi­ proposals for large-scale projects that will enhance team lar routes lies in their highly problematic research and publication in studies of Christian Mission and (to this reviewer), non-Trinitarian non-Western Christianity. Grants will be made on a Christologies and reductive ecclesiology. Hick's book opens with an excellent competitive basis for two- to three-year collaborative projects summary of what he calls his pluralist that will contribute significantly to the advancement of hypothesis, developed in his magisterial scholarship on cross-cultural mission and/or the development Interpretation of Religion (1989). The fol­ of Christianity in the southern and eastern continents. Grants lowing four chapters are written in a dia­ will range from $50,000 to $100,000 (U.S.) per year. logue form, with Hick being questioned philosophically (by "Phil") and theologi­ cally (by "Grace"). One might say that Projects should be directedby one or more established scholars, Hick, while being respectful to Phil and have access to appropriate research facilities, involve scholars Grace, overcomes both-and Grace is a from two or more regions of the world, and contribute to the more subdued figure than I would have preferred. Footnotes indicate the real-life intellectual and cross-cultural vitality of the global Christian critics, and the main text deals with issues. movement. Projects that are interdenominational and The four main contentious topics are interdisciplinary and that elicit significant contributions from postmodern critiques and truth claims, the non-Western world are particularly welcome. Two or three the knowability of the Real, Christology (note the ordering), and mission and dia­ grants will be awarded at the end of 1997, subject to the quality logue. ofproposals received and the availability offunds. I would register two responses.
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