DOCSLIB.ORG

Gold Resources in Mongolia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Gold Resources in Mongolia 資源地質，66(2), 89 ～94, 2016 特集：モンゴルの鉱物資源 資源情報 Gold resources in Mongolia by S. JARGALAN* Abstract: Mongolia has considerable reserves and resources of gold in both placer and primary deposits. Gold has been mined in the country since ancient times, but recently it plays main role on country’s mining activity as well as economic development. Placer gold deposits are studied much and most of them are now under mining activity. Pri- mary gold deposits are studied weakly and only Boroo gold deposit is mined and other deposits are under development study level. Distribution of gold deposits and occurrences depends on mineralization type, but generally shows linear form along the independent geotectonic units, or bigger fault zone. The data of various geological reports of gold metallogenic and gold bearing belts of Mongolia suggest that there are 17 belts containing total amount of 2,100 tons of gold. 1. Introduction development study level. Geological background for the gold deposits is given in Mongolia has considerable reserves and resources of gold Jargalsaihan et al. (1996). Distribution of gold deposits and in both placer and primary deposits. Gold has been mined in occurrences depends on mineralization type, but generally the country since ancient times (Dejidmaa, 1996; Ochirbat, shows linear form along the independent geotectonic 1999), but recently it plays main role on country’s mining units, or bigger fault zone. According to general trend and activity as well as economic development. Placer gold distribution of gold deposits and occurrences, a number of deposits are studied much and most of them are now under potential gold metallogenic belts and gold-bearing belts are mining activity. Primary gold deposits are studied weakly and identified (Fig. 1). only Boroo gold deposit is mined and other deposits are under Gold mineralization took place, with varying intensity Fig. 1 Distribution of gold deposits in Mongolia (Mineral resources map of Mongolia, 2002). 2015 年 8 月 3 日受付，同年 10 月 26 日受理 * Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia (Corresponding author, E-mail: [email protected]) Key words: gold, vein, porphyry, placer, fault-controlled, Boroo mine 89 90 S. JARGALAN 資源地質： in Neo Proterozoic, Early Cambrian, Early Paleozoic, with powerful machines and latest technology quickly Middle Paleozoic and Late Paleozoic, Early Mesozoic, grew into a modern settlement having all the needed social Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic metallogenic periods. The infrastructure. By 1990, there were two joint ventures intensity of mineralization increases from older to younger operating gold. One is Mongolian-Soviet Joint Venture age. Gold mineralization is represented by three economic “Mongolsovtsvetmet” in the Tolgoit gold district of North types: veins, mineralized zones and placers. Hentii gold belt, and another one is Mongolian-Bulgarian Joint Venture in the Bayanhongor gold belt. From 1974 to 2. Gold mining history 1990 these two Joint Venture companies produced total of 9084.8 kg of gold, from which 4183.95 kg were exported Historical records and archaeological findings suggest to the USSR (former) and Bulgaria. that the gold mining on the territory of Mongolia began 1990-Recent: There was big change on society and since ancient times. Before the establishment of the politics of Mongolia, in early 90’s. The country has Great Mongolian Empire in 12th century, the territory of embarked to a market economy, which caused much Mongolia was inhabited by numerous tribes and there is economic difficulties. To recover this economic crisis an evidence that they were extracting gold for jewelers Mongolian government made a decision to develop mining and, in some instances, to sue as pay off if defeated in of gold and initiated“ Gold-2000” program. According tribal conflicts. The scientific survey of gold deposits, to this program gold operating and mining activity has prospecting and estimation of reserves as well as industrial abruptly increased, and once it was a lot of mining; now mining of gold began only after the People’s Revolution there are almost 130 companies, engaged on this business. in 1921. The history of gold exploitation in the territory of Mongolia can be divided into 4 main stages: 1901-1921; 3. Distribution of gold 1939-1954; 1974-1990 and 1990-Recent. 1901-1921:First stage of gold exploitation was conducted At present, in the territory of Mongolia a number of by Mongol-Or association on the Yeroo, Shariin Gol, potential gold metallogenic and gold-bearing belts are Haraa, Yamaat, Nyalkh, and Tolgoit river area at the North identified. The data of various geological reports of gold Khentei gold belt. At that time gold was mined mostly by metallogenic and gold bearing belts of Mongolia suggest foreign investors. In many cases, historical records reflect that there are 17 belts containing total amount of 2,100 facts of gold smuggling out of the country, therefore, it tons of gold. Seven of them are considered to be as high can be estimated that the total gold production was 9346.4 gold potential belts: North Khentii, Bayanhongor, Hangai, kg. In 1923, the Mongolian government issued the mining Jid, South Khentii, Ulziit, and Urgamal belts. Economic regulations which declared the land and underground deposits and potentially economic occurrences belong mineral resources should belong to people. In accordance mainly to the gold-sulfide-quartz and gold-quartz ore to this, all coal and gold mines were nationalized. formations. 1939-1954: Mongolian Government set up“ Mining and The Northern Hentii belt occupies the territory of Mineral Resources Trust” which is charged for the task of Tov, Selenge, and Bulgan prefecture, covering total of surveying and exploring natural resources. That time gold 400km long and 30-100 km wide area (Fig. 2). This belt is mining was limited and there was small mines at the Boroo limited by two deep faults: Bayangol fault on its northern deposit of North Hentii gold belt and Bayanhongor gold border and Yoroo on its southern border. This belt can belt. Mining of placer gold deposit at the Bayanhongor be divided into five districts in terms of gold deposits, area started in 1939 and gold production reached 22.3kg in content and geological setting specifics: Zaamar, Yoroo, 1939; 38 kg in 1940; and 40.1 kg in 1941. It continued for Boroo, Tsaidam and Tseel. Geologically this belt is studied 15 years and altogether 695.4 kg of gold was produced. In well and the most of gold mining activity is in progress the Boroo area during 1943-1954 gold mining operation there. The belt contains well-known big deposits like was carried out on auriferous quartz veins and the Narantolgoi, Sujigtei, Boroo and Bumbat (Fig.2). production was 20000 m3 ore and 300 kg of gold. The Bayanhongor belt is second biggest after the 1974-1990: Gold mining sector received a strong impulse North Hentii in terms of its potentiality, and locates at by setting up the first Mongolian-Soviet Union Joint the western part of central Mongolia, occupying territory Venture at the Tolgoit placer deposit. The mine equipped of Bayanhongor prefecture. It is 250 km in length and 66(2), 2016 Gold resources in Mongolia 91 Fig. 2 Geologic outline of the western Hentii belt. 60-90 km in width. This belt is characterized by wide The belt consists of wide spread rocks of volcanogeno- spread rocks of volcanogeno-sedimentary, sedimentary, sedimentary, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks metamorphic and magmatic rocks. The belt can be divided intruded by Paleozoic and Mesozoic granitoids. This into 2 main zones: Baidrag river and Tuin river basins. belt can be divided into 4 gold bearing districts: Balj gol, Most prospected and operating deposits are located in the Terelj, Modot, and Janchivlan. Balj gol district is direct Baidrag river basin, Burd valley and Jargalant mountainous continuation of gold belt in Russia. Terelj district has range . several placer gold deposits and some of them are mined The Jid gold-bearing belt is located almost in the most in 1902-1910 years. Modot district is characterized by northern part of Mongolia near the boundary of Russia. auriferous quartz veins and sulfidized veinlets. This is The territory of this belt is occupied by deep forests and known for tin and tungsten mineralization. There are because of its improper road network the area was not several placer deposits in Janchivlan district and the mining surveyed properly. The belt is composed of variable rocks of activity has started since 1990. volcanogenic, sedimentary, metamorphic, intrusive and dike The Ulziit belt occupies territory of Omnogobi rocks. Gold mineralization occurs in quartz veins, skarns, and Dundgobi prefectures. The area of this belt is not greisens and sulfidized zones and they associated with silver, economically utilized and has limited reserves of water copper mineralization. There are some gold containing and fuel. The belt is composed of rocks of sedimentary, tungsten, molybdenum and lead zinc mineralizations. volcano-sedimentary and volcanogenic rocks. There are The South Hentii belt is located at the central part of some positive perspectives to discover primary ore of gold. Mongolia, and has considerably good economical and The Hangai belt is located at the Hangai mountainous geographical conditions comparing to the other gold belts. range, occupying the territory of Arhangai, Ovorhangai ad 92 S. JARGALAN 資源地質： Zavhan prefectures. There are some placer gold deposits in found in the deposit area. Seven large veins are 100-800 the valley of the mountainous range. Recently one big gold m in length, with average thickness ranging from 0.8 m to placer has been discovered in the valley of Khavtsgait, Olt, 3.2 m. These are identified down to 100-200m in depth. Zuun Sodot and Baruun Sodot. Average gold content ranges from 7 to 30 g/ton.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • January 14, 2016 Investment Treaties Between Mongolia and EU States
    January 14, 2016 Investment Treaties Between Mongolia and EU states: Implications for Mongolia‘s Development Prospects. Sanchir Jargalsaikhan Abstract This paper considers the politics of Mongolia’s neoliberal transition from socialism and role of international investment and trade treaties in shaping today’s Mongolia. It is not intended to provide a full account of domestic reforms in Mongolia – but instead is conceived as providing an understanding of the domestic context of how extractive sector came to be perceived as the lone driver of country’s development, as well as international forces (investment and trade treaties) that helped shape country’s mining and investment policy frameworks. Under this context this paper will examine the economic treaties related to trade, investment and taxation concluded between EU member states with Mongolia as well as investment trends of European development banks like the EBRD. Keywords: Mongolia, BITs, ISDS, Shock Therapy, Investment Law 1. TRANSITION TO MARKET ECONOMY At first glance, Mongolia's recent economic boom1 contrasts abruptly with the country's thorny transition in the early 1990s. Mongolia has been often described as a success story of democratization – a bastion of democracy amidst authoritarian regimes. Right wing think tanks continue to label its political and economic system as ‘free’.2 However, these ratings and pronouncements hide fundamental issues of a country with weak institutions, economically dependent on export of natural resources. Because of its low state capacity and economic underdevelopment, Mongolia is subject to full force of globalization – both cultural and economic. After 70 years of communist party rule Mongolia along with many post socialist countries embarked on a journey to democratize its rigid, centralized political system.
    [Show full text]
  • U.S.$5,000,000,000 GLOBAL MEDIUM TERM NOTE PROGRAM the GOVERNMENT of MONGOLIA Bofa Merrill Lynch Deutsche Bank HSBC J.P. Morgan
    INFORMATION MEMORANDUM U.S.$5,000,000,000 GLOBAL MEDIUM TERM NOTE PROGRAM THE GOVERNMENT OF MONGOLIA Under this U.S.$5,000,000,000 Global Medium Term Note Program (the “Program”), the Government of Mongolia (the “Issuer”) may from time to time issue notes (the “Notes”) denominated in any currency agreed between the Issuer and the relevant Dealer (as defined in “Subscription and Sale”). Notes may be issued in bearer or registered form (respectively, “Bearer Notes” and “Registered Notes”). The aggregate nominal amount of all Notes to be issued under the Program will not exceed U.S.$5,000,000,000 or its equivalent in other currencies at the time of agreement to issue. The Notes and any relative Receipts and Coupons (as defined herein), will constitute direct, unconditional, unsubordinated and (subject to the Terms and Conditions of the Notes (the “Conditions”)) unsecured obligations of the Issuer and rank pari passu without any preference among themselves and (save for certain obligations required to be preferred by law) equally with all other unsecured and unsubordinated debt obligations of the Issuer. The Notes may be issued on a continuing basis to one or more of the Dealers. References in this Information Memorandum to the relevant Dealer shall, in the case of an issue of Notes being (or intended to be) subscribed for by more than one Dealer, be to all Dealers agreeing to subscribe for such Notes. Approval in-principle has been granted for the listing and quotation of Notes that may be issued pursuant to the Program and which are agreed at or prior to the time of issue thereof to be so listed and quoted on the Singapore Exchange Securities Trading Limited (the “SGX-ST”).
    [Show full text]
  • Scanned Using Book Scancenter 5033
    II DEMCHUGDONGROB’S EARLY YEARS 1902-1919 His Birth The sixty-four years of the life of Prince Demchugdongrob saw the devastation of two world wars. Invasion of Asia by imperialists was gradually checked by the rise of nationalism. Japan’s victory in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904 restored Asian self- confidence. But this victory also created strife within. The founding of the Republic of China in 1912, which ended monarchical rule, and the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 marked the beginning of a new era. The Mongols, roused by these great changes, strug­ gled to establish their own national identity. By the conclusion of World War 11, half of the Mongol people had achieved their independence, at least nominally, but the other half faced harsh and rigoroustrials. Prince Demchugdongrob, bom to a highly prestigious Chinggisid family, for a time assumed the position of national leader, but died in the custody of the Chinese Communists. His heroic but tragic life was entwined with the fate of his fellow country­ men, especially those Inner Mongols who struggled for the existence of their nation. Although his full name was Demchugdongrob, most Mongol people called him De noyan or De wangye, a polite form of address for an honorable person. In Mongolian tradition, it was not polite to speak the full name of an elder or a person of honorable position. It was courteous to take the first syllable of his name and join it with his title. Therefore, De noyan means De the noble and De wangye means Prince De. According to the traditional Mongolian lunar calendar, Demchugdongrob was bom on the day, month, and year of the tiger.
    [Show full text]
  • Linksammlung Mongolistik
    Linksammlung Mongolistik (zusammengestellt von Prof. M. Weiers) Links für die Mongolistik gibt es in großer Anzahl, doch sind keineswegs alle empfehlens- wert. Die nachstehende Sammlung strebt deswegen nicht nach Vollständigkeit, sondern beab- sichtigt, brauchbare Links aufzulisten. Die ausgewählten Links verweisen intern jeweils auf je verschiedene eigene Themenbereiche, oder bieten die Möglichkeit, nach verschiedenen The- menbereichen zu suchen. Es erübrigt sich somit, hier für den Zugriff auf Einzelthemen eine Linksammlung aufzuführen, welche die Themen mehr differenziert, als unten ausgeführt. Darüber hinaus verweisen die hier angegebenen Links auch immer wieder auf zahlreiche wei- tere Links, auf die dann unmittelbar zugegriffen werden kann. Die hier vorgelegte Linksamm- lung für die Mongolistik versteht sich somit als weitmaschiger Überblick, der es dem Benut- zer ermöglichen soll, sich innerhalb der einzelnen Links je nach Option über einzelne Berei- che detailliert weiter zu informieren, oder weitere Links und deren Angebot anzuwählen. Hauptgewicht wurde bei der vorliegenden Linksammlung auf den Themenbereich Geschichte gelegt. Ein Stichwortverzeichnis am Schluss mag die Suche erleichtern. Vorbemerkung Hinsichtlich der zusammengestellten Links sei vermerkt, dass der Zusammensteller der Adressen kei- nerlei Verantwortung für den Inhalt der gelinkten Sites übernimmt, und auch keinen Einfluss auf deren Inhalt hat. Die Verantwortung für den Inhalt der gelinkten Sites liegt einzig und allein beim Verfasser der jeweiligen Site. Zur Zeit der Sammlung der Links hat der Zusammensteller der Adressen keine rechtlich, ethisch, oder moralisch bedenklichen Inhalte feststellen können. Die Inhalte von Sites können sich allerdings jeder- zeit ändern, worauf der Zusammensteller aber keinerlei Einfluss hat. Sollten sich bedenkliche Inhalte auf einer der Sites eingeschlichen haben, bittet der Zusammensteller um eine kurze Nachricht an [email protected], damit der entsprechende Link entfernt werden kann.
    [Show full text]
  • An Analysis of Gobi Corporations Marketing Strategy and Its
    ISSN (Online) 2456 -1304 International Journal of Science, Engineering and Management (IJSEM) Vol 2, Issue 12, December 2017 An analysis of Gobi corporations marketing strategy and its consumer perception [1] OYUNTUGULDUR Gan-Unur, [2] Munkhzaya Narantsetseg, [3] Oyuntulkhuur Tumenjargal, [4] Delgertsetseg Davaadorj, [5] Narantsatsral Gankhuyag [1][2][3][4][5] Da Yeh University, International Business Management and Business Administration Department Abstract:--Every war and every competition have their own strategies. If you cannot define your suitable strategy, you will be listed one of the unsuccessful company. Therefore, every company needs to define good marketing strategy. Our research findings indicate that Gobi corporations’ marketing strategy. The Gobi corporation is one of the top cashmere producing company in Mongolia. We collected 311 participations from Mongolian consumers and analyzed by competitive marketing strategy. Index Terms—Marketing strategy, SWOT, PEST, product life cycle I. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background of Important Factors, Affecting Mongolian Cashmere Sector Mongolia, is the last land of the nomads which live in the traditional house, wearing natural processing clothes and Service quality Mongolian cashmere market service is eating bio natural foods. Our country almost 2000 years unsatisfied now. See graph 1 below. In 2017, We has been part of the human history. Therefore, our researched 311 customer’s satisfaction of cashmere sector ancestors were wearing badge, cashmeres and other leather service quality. The results of the research are shown as clothes. Thenceforth every famous historian said that Graph 1 below. Mongolian cashmere processing history has begun 2000 years before. In our paper to introduce Mongolian cashmere products marketing situation. The marketing is the newest thing of our market.
    [Show full text]
  • Why Does Policy Fail in Mongolia?
    A “LET’S CHANGE IT” SYNDROME – WHY DOES POLICY FAIL IN MONGOLIA? Jargalsaikhany Mendee, Ph.D. Candidate, University of British Columbia Abstract This article discusses policy failures in Mongolia by describing examples of mining policies that have not been successful. After policy failures, politicians in Mongolia often engage in the “blame game”. They have provided four explanations for policy failures in mining: geopolitical interests of major powers; the dynamics of global commodity markets; private business interests; and civil society activities. These explanations are also found in other new democracies with market economies. However, this article introduces the ‘let’s change it’ syndrome, which is the tendency to change policies without critical reviews and proper implementation processes. The “lets change it” syndrome increases mistrust among all actors, including policy makers, and creates a ‘vicious cycle’ of cheating and competition within the bargaining dynamics. Unless Mongolian politicians exert political will and courage to uphold the rule of law and to strengthen the proper institutional capacities of policymaking, mining and other government policies will continue to fail. Introduction This article asks a question: “Why have many policies failed in Mongolia?”, with a focus on mining policies. The question is worthwhile to examine not only because Mongolia is in the radar of foreign investors, but also because the Mongolian case is not unique among other developing democracies. Since its political and economic transitions in the 1990s, Mongolia has been led by two major political parties – the former Communist party, the Mongolian People’s Party (MPP), and the Democratic Party (DP), either alone or in coalition.
    [Show full text]
  • 2015 Fly Fish Mongolia Journal Michael Caranci
    2015 Fly Fish Mongolia Journal Michael Caranci Thursday, June 11 The long travel day started early, awake at 3:30 am to get to the airport for my 5:40 am departure. The flight from Redding to SFO went smoothly, and by 7:30 am I was sitting down to a hot Yankee Pier breakfast and much needed cup of coffee. I had about 4 hours of layover, so wandered around the airport for a bit before finding my gate in the International terminal, where Larry was already waiting. We chatted for a bit, then found Bob and Cord, and before long we were all boarding the plane for the next leg of the journey. The plane was full, but for a 12 hour flight it wasn't too horrible. Fortunately I had a slender Korean girl sitting in the middle seat next to me, so actually room to breathe. They fed us a couple of times, normal airplane food not tragic but not great either. Sustenance at least. I napped for about an hour, but that was it and spent the rest of the time reading up on the history, culture, and politics of Mongolia. I have to admit that this trip just kind of happened, and Mongolia was never a place high on my angling radar. Sure, I’d heard about it, read about it, and the idea of catching a monster taimen was appealing. I knew that taimen were the largest salmonid on Earth, an ancient, slow-growing fish that lived up to 35 years or more and were the dominant predators in their ecosystem.
    [Show full text]
  • SOCIAL and MANAGEMENT RESEARCH JOURNAL Research Management Institute
    VOLUME 11 NO.2 DECEMBER 2014 ISSN 1675-7017 SOCIAL and MANAGEMENT RESEARCH JOURNAL Research Management Institute Continued Professional Development Practices in Malaysian Service-Based Industry Fadilah Puteh, Maniam Kaliannan, Nafis Alam Social Development and Social Transformation in Mongolia Battsetseg Aitangerel The Relationship Between Personality Traits and Entrepreneurial Intentions Rahman Sadeghi Javan Intelligent Agent Concepts in Information Centers Mazwani Ayu Mazlan, Jannatul Iza Ahmad Kamal, Intan Nurbaizura Zainuddin SOCIAL AND MANAGEMENT RESEARCH JOURNAL Chief Editor Loo Ern Chen Univesiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Journal Administrators Salina Abdullah Editorial Board Ann Hansford, Bournemouth University, United Kingdom Azizah Abdullah, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Azmi Abdul Hamid, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Binh Tram-Nam, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia Darussalam Abu Bakar, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Faridah Hassan, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Isahak Kassim, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Jama'yah Zakaria, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia Kalsom Salleh, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Kiranjit Kaur, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Maniam Kaliannan, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus Megawati Omar, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Nor Aziah Alias, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Noraini Mohd Ariffin, International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia Normah Omar, UniversitiTeknologi MARA, Malaysia Poon Wai-Ching, Monash University Sunway
    [Show full text]
  • Democratic Transition and the Electoral Process in Mongolia
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Saskatchewan's Research Archive DEMOCRATIC TRANSITION AND THE ELECTORAL PROCESS IN MONGOLIA A Thesis Submitted to the College of Graduate Studies and Research In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Masters of Arts In the Department of Political Studies University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon By Gerelt-Od Bayantur © Copyright Gerelt-Od Bayantur, April 2008. All rights reserved PERMISSION TO USE In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Postgraduate degree from the University of Saskatchewan, I agree that the Libraries of this University may make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for copying this thesis in any manner, in whole or in part, for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor or professors who supervised my thesis work, or in their absence, by the Head of the Department or the Dean of the College in which my thesis was done. It is understood that any copying or publication or use of the thesis, in whole or in part, for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of Saskatchewan in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my thesis. Requests for permission to copy or to make other use of material in this thesis in whole or in part should be addressed to: Head of the Department of Political Studies 9 Campus Drive University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5A5 i ABSTRACT This thesis is a study democratic transition paradigm in Mongolia from its communist past to its present status as a democratic country.
    [Show full text]
  • Pastoral Peoples on the Global Stage the Mongol Moment 1200–1500
    chapter twelve Pastoral Peoples on the Global Stage The Mongol Moment 1200–1500 In 1937, the great Mongol warrior Chinggis Khan lost his soul, some seven centuries after his death. According to Mongol tradition, a warrior’s soul was contained in his spirit banner, consisting of strands of hair from his best horses attached to a spear. For many centuries, Chinggis Khan’s spirit banner had been 1 housed in a Buddhist monastery in central Mongolia, where lamas (religious teachers) had tended it. But in the 1930s, Mongolia, then under communist control and heavily dominated by Stalin’s Soviet Union, launched a brutal anti- religious campaign that destroyed many monasteries and executed some 2,000 monks. In the confusion that ensued, Chinggis Khan’s spirit banner, and thus his soul, disappeared. By the end of the twentieth century, as communism faded away, the memory of Chinggis Khan, if not his spirit banner, made a remarkable comeback in the land of his birth. Vodka, cigarettes, a chocolate bar, two brands of beer, the country’s best rock band, and the central square of the capital city all bore his name, while his picture appeared on Mongolia’s stamps and money. Rural young people on horseback sang songs in his honor, and their counterparts in urban Internet cafés constructed Web sites to celebrate his achievements. The country organized elaborate celebrations in 2006 to mark the 800th anniversary of his founding of the Mongol Empire. All of this is a reminder of the enormous and surprising role that the Mongols played in the Eurasian world of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries and of the continuing echoes of that long- vanished empire.
    [Show full text]
  • Tibet Chic: Myth, Marketing, Spirituality and Politics in Musical
    “TIBET CHIC”: MYTH, MARKETING, SPIRITUALITY AND POLITICS IN MUSICAL REPRESENTATIONS OF TIBET IN THE UNITED STATES by Darinda J. Congdon BM, Baylor, 1997 MA, University of Pittsburgh, 2002 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2007 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH FACULTY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES This dissertation was presented by Darinda Congdon It was defended on April 18, 2007 and approved by Dr. Nicole Constable Dr. Evelyn S. Rawski Dr. Deane L. Root Dr. Andrew N. Weintraub Dr. Bell Yung Dissertation Director ii Copyright © by Darinda Congdon 2007 iii “TIBET CHIC”: MYTH, MARKETING, SPIRITUALITY AND POLITICS IN MUSICAL REPRESENTATIONS OF TIBET IN THE UNITED STATES Darinda Congdon, PhD University of Pittsburgh, 2007 This dissertation demonstrates that Tibetan music in the United States is directly related to multiple Western representations of Tibet in the United States, perpetuated from the 1800s to the present, and that these representations are actively utilized to market Tibetan music. These representations have also impacted the types of sounds most often used to musically represent Tibet in the United States in unexpected ways. This study begins with the question, “What is Tibetan music in the United States?” It then examines Tibetan music in the United States from a historical, political, spiritual and economic perspective to answer that question. As part of this investigation, historical sources, marketing sources, New Age religion, the New York Times, and over one hundred recordings are examined. This work also applies marketing theory to demonstrate that “Tibet” has become a term in American culture that acts as a brand and is used to sell music and other products.
    [Show full text]
  • Study on the Administrative Divisions in China's Border Areas from the Perspective of Nation-State Building
    Asian Social Science; Vol. 14, No. 6; 2018 ISSN 1911-2017 E-ISSN 1911-2025 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Study on the Administrative Divisions in China’s Border Areas from the Perspective of Nation-state Building --- Changes to the Administrative Divisions in Inner Mongolia in the 20th Century Sun Jing1 1 School of Literature, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China Correspondence: Sun Jing, No. 6 Students Dormitory, Shipai Campus, Jinan University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China. E-mail: [email protected] Received: April 1, 2018 Accepted: April 24, 2018 Online Published: May 28, 2018 doi:10.5539/ass.v14n6p98 URL: https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v14n6p98 Abstract From the end of the Yuan Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty, when Inner Mongolia was still a special administrative region of the Qing Empire, the Mongolian nomad's territory went through numerous significant changes. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the administrative divisions in Inner Mongolia underwent three major changes and after continuous integration they were incorporated into the administrative territory of the People's Republic of China in a manner that was compatible with the behavior of a modern nation-state. Such changes can neither be ascribed to the natural process of national development and it’s accompanying fissions nor to the sinocization of Inner Mongolian initiated by Han migrants. Instead, it is derived from the game of power played in the region by various forces, from the Manchu and Han peoples, to the Mongolians, Russians and Japanese, and the Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party in the period of surging modern nationalism.
    [Show full text]