FICHA TÉCNICA La Decisión De Sophie

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FICHA TÉCNICA La Decisión De Sophie FICHA TÉCNICA La decisión de Sophie Dirección: Alan J. Pakula Producción: Alan J. Pakula, Keith Barish Guion: Alan J. Pakula Basada en La decisión de Sophie de William Styron Música: Marvin Hamlisch Fotografía: Néstor Almendros Montaje: Evan A. Lottman Vestuario: Albert Wolsky País(es): Reino Unido, Estados Unidos Año: 1982 Género: Drama, Histórica Duración: 150 min. Idioma(s): Inglés, alemán, polaco Protagonistas: Meryl Streep (Zofia "Sophie" Zawistowski), Kevin Kline (Nathan Landau), Peter MacNicol (Stingo), Rita Karin (Yetta Zimmerman), Stephen D. Newman (Larry Landau), Josh Mostel (Morris Fink), Marcell Rosenblatt (Astrid Weinstein), Moishe Rosenfeld (Moishe Rosenblum), Robin Bartlett (Lillian Grossman), Eugene Lipinski (Profesor polaco), John Rothman Bibliotecario), Neddim Prohic (Jòzef), Katharina Thalbach (Wanda), Jennifer Lawn (Eva Zawistowski), Adrian Kalitka (Jan Zawistowski), Joseph Leon (Doctor Blackstock), David Wohl (Profesor de inglés) Premios: v Premio Oscar 1983: a la mejor actriz principal (Meryl Streep) v Premio Globo de Oro 1983: a la mejor actriz en cine (Meryl Streep) - drama v Premio NYFCC 1982: a la mejor actriz (Meryl Streep), y a la mejor fotografía (Nestor Almendros) v Premio National Society of Film Critics 1983. A la mejor actriz (Meryl Streep) v Premio National Board of Review 1983: a la mejor actriz (Meryl Streep) v Premio LAFCA 1982: a la mejor actriz (Meryl Streep) v Premio Boston Society of Film Critics 1983: a la mejor actriz (Meryl Streep) v Premio Kansas City Film Critics Circle 1983: a la mejor actriz (Meryl Streep) – compartido v Premio Kinema Junpo 1984: a la mejor película en idioma extranjero (Alan J. Pakula) – Japón v Premio Mainichi Film Concours 1984: a la mejor película en idioma extranjero (Alan J. Pakula) – Japón v Premio Robert 1984: a la mejor película extranjera y al mejor director (Alan J. Pakula) – Dinamarca Sinopsis: En el verano de 1947 Stingo, un joven del sur estadounidense aspirante a escritor, se instala en una pensión familiar de Brooklyn, en Nueva York. Su tranquilidad se verá pronto turbada por la terrible discusión de una pareja que vive en el piso de arriba. Cuando conoce a los amantes queda cautivado por el encanto y simpatía que ambos poseen. La mujer, Sophie Zawistowska, es una hermosa emigrante polaca de fe católica. El hombre, Nathan Landau, es un encantador pero altamente desequilibrado científico de origen judío. Poco a poco, Stingo se convierte en el mejor amigo de los amantes. Mientras busca protegerla de los progresivos abusos de Nathan, Stingo se enamora de Sophie, quien sobrevivió al campo de exterminio de Auschwitz durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, y vive atormentada por su pasado y un terrible secreto, el cual nunca le había contado a nadie, ahora decide revelarlo a Stingo. 1 Federación Internacional de Mujeres Universitarias Federación Mexicana de Universitarias Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Museo de la Mujer Bolivia 17 Centro Histórico, Ciudad de México. Cine-Club de género, 04 de abril de 2017. La decisión de Sophie Hay un triángulo entre una mujer polaca católica y dos hombres, uno un judío quien ama apasionada e incondicionalmente la mujer, y otro hombre proviente del sur del país (USA) y gran amigo de ambos; éste llega a Broklyn, en Nueva York, para hacerse escritor; como él mismo lo dice, con voz en off muy descriptiva literariamente hablando, ha llegado a la ciudad en un viaje de descubrimiento personal. Este triángulo está marcado por el amor y la amistad, pero el escritor, aunque siente una gran amistad por el hombre judío de quien está enamorada la protagonista de la cinta, no puede dejar de sentir lo mismo por ella. Hay una historia triste de la cual no quiere hablar la mujer. Habrá una recreación de los hechos mientras Meryl Streep le cuenta su pasado en Polonia al escritor, un pasado marcado por un padre a quien odia por sus ideas antisemitas (su novio en los Estados Unidos es judío), de él dice que era el mejor hombre del mundo, por eso el choque emocional es absolutamente salvaje cuando muy joven descubre los escritos racistas y xenófobos de su padre, profesor de universidad en Polonia. Los flash back recreados en la película se repiten un par de veces, retrocesos descriptivos de cierta duración estructuran el filme en dos partes: una la de los recuerdos de Sophie en Polonia, otra la de la relación triangular con el escritor y del judío de quien está enamorada. El hombre judío con sus problemas, se torna violento y obsesivo, con cambios bruscos de humor desconcertantes, sin embargo está totalmente enamorado de Meryl Streep cuando aclara su mente, es su protector y amigo pero también es amigo (de verdad) de su novio y no puede ir más allá aunque lo quiera, sólo se atreve a expresar sus sentimientos cuando descubre lo que le pasa realmente al novio de la mujer a quien él también ama. No es solo una decisión de Sophie en la película de Alan J. Pakula, hay más decisiones: la tremenda e impactante escena que pone los pelos de punta, que lo obligan a tomar en el campo de concentración con respecto a sus dos hijos y causará en ella un martirio para siempre; otra al elegir a uno de los dos pretendientes también la marcarán, conduciendo a un final muy dramático; la decisión de ayudar o no a la resistencia en Polonia en el campo de concentración 2 si con ello puede ayudar a sus hijos, aunque se vea obligada a flirtear con un alto mando nazi y eso la conduzca a tener encuentros íntimos con él.1 Todo comienza con la llegada de un joven sureño, Stingo (Peter McNicol), a New York, con la ambición de convertirse en un gran escritor quien por falta de dinero termina alquilando una pequeña habitación en una rosada casa de Brooklyn. Allí, en otra habitación, viven Sophie (Meryl Streep), refugiada superviviente de un campo de concentración alemán y Nathan (Kevin Kline), un brillante e inestable judío americano obsesionado con el holocausto, una pareja extraña desde sus circunstancias pero desenfadada, atractiva, divertida a los ojos del soñador recién llegado. Rápidamente, a causa del desinhibido Nathan y al encanto que irradia Sophie sobre Stingo, surge la amistad. El trío vive con normalidad en el cálido verano de la ciudad, pero en ocasiones, el carácter violento y bipolar de Nathan irrumpe en ruptura distanciándose por un tiempo de la feliz y pacífica convivencia, momentos aprovechados por Stingo para charlar con una desilusionada y sentimentalmente indefensa Sophie y así conocer los secretos de su atribulado pasado. Durante una de esas charlas, temerosa por el desencanto que pueda provocar en su interlocutor, Sophie se confiesa, dando a conocer el porqué de su desdicha y cuál fue la decisión que la marcó para siempre. Hacia el final, después de una gran pelea entre los amantes, todo discurre en tragedia, todo se derrumba, todo pasa a ser una auténtica experiencia amorosa, dolorosa e instructiva en la vida del joven y virgen escritor.2 El filósofo italiano Giorgio Agamben, en sus reflexiones sobre la biopolítica con el Homo Sacer3 I, propuso en su ensayo titulado ¿Qué es un campo?, “considerar el campo [de concentración] no como un simple hecho histórico o una anomalía perteneciente al pasado […], sino, en algún modo, como la matriz oculta, el nomos (ley) del espacio político en que aún vivimos.” Si nos tomamos seriamente esta consideración, tendremos que redefinir nuestra manera de pensar no sólo las categorías políticas, concernientes a nuestra vida social, sino también las categorías éticas, relativas a nuestra vida individual y su relación con el entorno. En cuanto a esto último, la ética, se debe establecer en qué medida el concepto de campo transforma, subvierte o, quizá, anula el accionar moralmente válido en situaciones en las cuales se debe tomar una decisión que afecta la propia vida o la de los demás. 1 http://www.elseptimoarte.net/foro/index.php?topic=14252.0 2 http://laconstructivacritica.blogspot.mx/2013/07/la-decision-de-sophie-sophies-choice.html 3 Homo sacer, es una oscura figura del derecho romano arcaico, en que la vida humana se incluye en el orden jurídico únicamente bajo la forma de su exclusión, es decir de la posibilidad absoluta de que cualquiera le mate sin ser responsable jurídico ni penable por dicha acción aniquiladora. 3 La pregunta que direccionará la presente reflexión se puede plantear de esta manera: ¿puede tomarse una decisión ética en el campo? Como de lo que se trata es de utilizar la figura del campo como paradigma del actual espacio político, es decir, como un caso particular a partir del cual es posible extraer formas para comprender situaciones generales, se partirá del análisis de un film que nos pone ante los problemas éticos surgidos dentro y fuera del campo, en el momento que se señala su origen espacio-temporal. Sophie’s Choice, es un film de ficción con un alto contenido histórico, basado en la novela del mismo nombre publicada por el escritor norteamericano William Styron en 1976. Este film nos presenta, en su momento de mayor dramatismo, la difícil “decisión” que debe tomar Sophie, en la fila de selección en el campo de concentración Auschwitz-Birkenau, con respecto a cuál de sus hijos (Jan y Ana) debe salvarse de ir a las cámaras de gas. En adelante, se busca analizar si este episodio de extremo dolor puede interpretarse como una decisión ética, como muchos lo han querido ver. Agamben devela el campo como un orden emergido en el estado excepción, es decir, en el no-orden de la suspensión del régimen legal ordinario, lo cual, sin embargo, genera un orden, un orden fuera del orden, pero, a la vez, un orden ordenado en el orden.
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