Situating Sikh Diasporic Dubs: a Case Study Featuring Humble The
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SITUATING SIKH DIASPORIC DUBS: A CASE STUDY FEATURING HUMBLE THE POET AND SIKH KNOWLEDGE AMRITA KAULDHER THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTITAL FULFILLMENT OF REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS GRADUATE PROGRAM IN SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY YORK UNIVERSITY TORONTO, ONTARIO April 2017 Amrita Kauldher, 2017 ABSTRACT The turban and beard has been a focus of Sikh identity in the diaspora and since 2010 has resurged across North American within popular culture and social media. Based on virtual and visual research conducted on social media, qualitative interviews and lyrical analysis, this case study explores the concept of vernacular cosmopolitanism and Canadian hip hop in relationship to Punjabi-Sikh identities, articulated and performed by artists Humble the Poet and Sikh Knowledge. This case study addresses a lacuna of scholarship available on Punjabi-Sikh identity and hip hop by providing an analysis of album Turban Sex and book/album campaign for UnLEARN: Butterflies and Lions. I will explore how both artists respectively affirm and destabilize identity politics of popular representations of Punjabi-Sikh ethnicity and heritage. Looking beyond turbans and beards and labels of "ethno hip hop" or "desi rap", this research aims to interrogate the limits of multiculturalism and antiracism. ii DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated with eternal love and appreciation for my Pitaji and Nanaji, who made it a priority to promote higher education to their grandchildren and truly believed that knowledge is power. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Foremost, this project would not have been possible without the openness from Kanwer Singh and Kanwar Saini to participate in this research. Thank you for allowing me to connect with you, your music is truly inspiring. This is only a perspective of their social movements. A sincere thank you to my supervisor, Dan, for his continual guidance and patience over the course of this writing process. The process has been real. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... ii Dedication ..................................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................... iv Table of Contents .......................................................................................................................... v List of Figures ............................................................................................................................... vi Introduction: Sikh Beats & the Limits of Multiculturalism ..................................................... 1 Research Design & Methods .................................................................................................. 10 Virtual and Visual Methodologies ......................................................................................... 15 Chapter Summary .................................................................................................................. 18 Chapter 2: The Need to Connect................................................................................................ 21 Interview with Humble the Poet ............................................................................................ 21 Interview with Sikh Knowledge ............................................................................................. 24 Narrations ................................................................................................................................ 27 Chapter 3: Son of a Cabbie ........................................................................................................ 45 Baagi (Rebel) Music ................................................................................................................ 52 Desi Rap ................................................................................................................................... 60 Intersections with the Vernacular ......................................................................................... 66 Chapter 4: Turbans Unraveling ................................................................................................ 73 Unraveling ............................................................................................................................... 84 Conclusion: Because of the Internet? ........................................................................................ 88 Works Cited ............................................................................................................................... 100 Notes ........................................................................................................................................... 107 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Kanwer Singh- Humble the Poet (Image courtesy of Facebook) .................................. 21 Figure 2. Kanwar Anit Singh Saini- Sikh Knowledge (Image courtesy of Facebook)................. 24 Figure 3. Humble the Poet- an artist to watch, CBC music blog (Image courtesy of CBC) ........ 27 Figure 4. The interface of Sikh Knowlegde's blog, www.realistan.tumblr.com has since changed ....................................................................................................................................................... 33 Figure 5. Sikh Knowledge's status on Facebook regarding his alias (Image courtesy of Facebook) ....................................................................................................................................................... 34 Figure 6. Kanwer and Kanwar have a personal relationship as a result of their online encounter (Image courtesy of Facebook) ...................................................................................................... 38 Figure 7. Humble the Poet, opening scene of Life of an Immigrant (Image courtesy of YouTube) ....................................................................................................................................................... 50 Figure 8. Raje Shwari singing in the backseat of the cab. (Image courtesy of YouTube) ........... 50 Figure 9. "Disco", song by Slum Village, portrays a cab driver with a turban and "red dot" ...... 51 Figure 10. Kanwar's hair and an appreciation for what is enclosed in a turban. (Image courtesy of Facebook) ...................................................................................................................................... 73 Figure 11. Images from YouTube video "Baba Nanak" ............................................................... 75 Figure 12. Humble the Poet's published book, UNLEARN. (Image by Kauldher) ...................... 76 Figure 13. Cover of album, "Turban Sex". (Image courtesy of iTunes) ....................................... 77 Figure 14. Facebook post by Sikh Knowledge explaining his album. (Image courtesy of Facebook) ...................................................................................................................................... 78 Figure 15. Angry Facebook comments following Sikh Knowledge advocating for homosexual rights. (Image courtesy of Facebook) ........................................................................................... 82 vi Figure 16. Turban Sex musical press kit on a condom. (Image by Kauldher) ............................. 83 vii INTRODUCTION: SIKH BEATS & THE LIMITS OF MULTICULTURALISM Is cosmopolitan a quality of individuals? In its aesthetic connotation, the word cosmopolitan evokes a certain kind of familiar cultural image or person. (Werbner 48) I should clarify immediately, however, that I do not presume a singular Sikh subject, nor claim to speak about all Sikhs or a Sikh ‘community’ at large. Rather, I am concerned with the formation of two Sikh subjects. (Axel 413) This is a story about a friendship, and a series of virtual coincidences that brought two individuals together. This is also a story about identities. Identities that are immersed in and inspired by hip hop culture. More specifically, this is story about the desire to connect. Toronto artist, Humble the Poet (Kanwer Singh), and Montreal-based artist/producer, Sikh Knowledge (Kanwar Anit Singh Saini) have been erupting across social media, and digitizing in cyber space on multiple social media platforms through a purposed “need to connect” since 2010. The research I have conducted in this study is a glimpse into the lives of Humble the Poet and Sikh Knowledge, and how they respectively and collectively affirm and destabilize identity politics, particularly popular representations of Punjabi-Sikh identities and culture. I aim to ethnographically situate them through their social media movements, a study of their performances, a review and analysis of their music and lyrics, and through conversations that I have been privileged to have with them. The framework of vernacular cosmopolitanism explored throughout this ethnography serves the purpose of interpreting the artists beyond the lens of multiculturalism and antiracism that limit ethnic and cultural identities. There is no singular concept of cosmopolitanism, for its re-emergence and debate in the academy in recent years is best approached and interpreted in the 1 plural sense, indicating that there are many ways to be cosmopolitan.