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JOURNAL OFFICIEL Dela République Démocratique Du Congo Cabinet Du Président De La République
Premi~re partie 51 e année Numéro spécial JOURNAL OFFICIEL dela République Démocratique du Congo Cabinet du Président de la République • ORDONNANCE No 10/025 DU 19 FEVRIER 2010 PORTANT NOMINATION DES VICE-PREMIERS MINISTRES, DES MINISTRES ET DES VICE-MINISTRES • ORDONNANCE No 10/026 DU 19 FEVRIER 2010 PORTANT NOMINATION D'UN CONSEILLER SPECIAL DU CHEF DE L'ETAT EN MATIERE DE SECURITE • ORDONNANCE No 10/027 DU 19 FEVRIER 2010 PORTANT NOMINATION D'UN DIRECTEUR DE CABINET DU PRESIDENT DE LA REPUBLIQUE Kinshasa - 22 février 2010 Première partie 51 e année Numéro spécial JOURNAL OFFICIEL dela République Démocratique du Congo Cabinet du Président de la République Kinshasa - 22 février 201 0 SOMMAIRE 3. Vice-Premier Ministre, Ministre des Postes, Téléphones et Télécom-munications: PRESIDENCE DE LA REPUBLIQUE Monsieur Simon BULUPIY GALATI 19 février 2010 - Ordonnance no 10/025 portant Article 2: nomination des Vice-premiers Ministres, des Ministres et des Vice-ministres, col. 1. Sont nommées Ministres aux fonctions en regard de leurs noms, les personnes ci-après : 19 février 2010 - Ordonnance no 10/026 portant nomination d'un Conseiller spécial du Chef de l'Etat en 1. Ministre des Affaires Etrangères : matière de sécurité, col. 4. Monsieur Alexis THAMBWE MWAMBA 19 février 2010 - Ordonnance no 10/027 portant 2. Ministre de la Coopération Internationale et nomination d'un Directeur de Cabinet du Président de la Régionale: République, col. 5. Monsieur Raymond TSHIBANDA N'TUNGAMULONGO 3. Ministre de la Défense Nationale et Anciens Combattants : Monsieur Charles MWANDO SIMBA PRESIDENCE DE LA REPUBLIQUE 4. Ministre de la Justice et Droits Humains : Monsieur LUZOLO BAMBI LESSA Ordonnance no 10/025 du 19 février 2010 portant nomination des Vice-premiers Ministres, des 5. -
Export Agreement Coding (PDF)
Peace Agreement Access Tool PA-X www.peaceagreements.org Country/entity Democratic Republic of Congo Region Africa (excl MENA) Agreement name Global and Inclusive Political Agreement of the Inter-diocesan Center of Kinshasa Date 31/12/2016 Agreement status Multiparty signed/agreed Interim arrangement No Agreement/conflict level Intrastate/intrastate conflict ( Congo Civil Wars (1996 - ) ) Stage Framework/substantive - comprehensive (Agreement) Conflict nature Government Peace process 28: DRC: Second Congo war process Parties 1. Majorité Présidentielle a) Alexis THAMBWE-MWAMBA b) Emmanuel RAMAZANI SHADARl c) Adolphe LUMANU MULENDA BWANA N’SEFU d) Martin KABWELULU e) Lambert MENDE OMALANGA f) Norbert NKULU MITUMBA KILOMBO 2. Opposition républicaine a) Michel BONGONGO IKOLI NDOMBO 3. Opposition politique a) Vital KAMERHE b) Jean Lucien BUSSA c) José MAKILA SUMANDA d) Azarias RUBERWA MANYWA e) Florentin MOKONDA BONZA f) Stève MBlKAYI MABULUKI 4. Société civile a) Marie-Madeleine KALALA NGOY MONGI b) Monseigneur Jean-Luc KUYE-NDONDO c) Maguy KIALA BOLENGA Third parties (Described as 'non-signatory' participants) 1. Rassemblement des Forces Politiques et Sociales 1. Félix TSHISEKEDI TSHILOMBO 2. Valentin Mubake Nombi 3. Christophe LUTUNDULA APALA 4. Gilbert KANKONDE NKASHAMA 5. Jean-Marc KABUND-A-KABUND 6. Joseph OLENGHANKOY MUKUNDJI 7. Martin FAYULU MADIDI 8. Delly SESANGA HIPUNGU 9. Didier MOLISHO SADI 10. Jean-Pierre LISANGA BONGANGA 11. Olivier KAMITATU ETSU Page 1 of 20 2. Front pour le Respect de la Constitution 1. Eve BAZAIBA MASUDI 2. Jacques LUNGUANA MATUMONA 3. Alexis LENGA WALENGA 3. Société Civile 1. Georges KAPIAMBA KAPIAMBA 2. Christopher NGOY MUTAMBA Description A version of this agreement was signed on 18 October 2018; however, this agreement includes more signatories. -
In the Balance: External Troop Support and Rebel Fragmentation in the Second Congo War
In the balance: External troop support and rebel fragmentation in the Second Congo War Henning Tamm School of International Relations University of St Andrews [email protected] Forthcoming in Journal of Strategic Studies AUTHOR ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT – NOT THE FINAL VERSION. PLEASE DO NOT CITE OR CIRCULATE WITHOUT THE AUTHOR’S PERMISSION. 24 November 2019 Abstract The two main rebel groups in the Second Congo War (1998–2003) evolved in remarkably different ways. While the MLC maintained organisational cohesion throughout the war, the RCD split into two rival groups within less than a year. The larger of these rivals then remained cohesive, whereas the smaller group experienced further fragmentation. This article draws on interviews with key protagonists to show that these cross-group differences resulted from different patterns of state sponsorship. Frag- mentation occurred when the intra-group distribution of power between a rebel leader and an internal rival hung in the balance because external troops supported both sides. Keywords External support; rebel groups; fragmentation; cohesion; Democratic Republic of Congo Introduction The Second Congo War, often called Africa’s deadliest conflict,1 featured two major rebel groups. The first group, the Rassemblement congolais pour la démocratie (RCD, Congolese Rally for Democracy), was created in August 1998 under Rwanda’s supervision and initially also received Ugandan support. The second group, the Mouvement de libération du Congo (MLC, Movement for the Liberation of Congo), emerged in November 1998 under Uganda’s sole supervision. By the time the inauguration of a transitional power-sharing government for- mally ended the conflict in July 2003, the RCD had split into six groups, whereas the MLC remained a cohesive organisation (Figure 1). -
Democratic Republic of the Congo
COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION REPORT DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 27 JANUARY 2009 UK BORDER AGENCY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION SERVICE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 27 JANUARY 2009 Contents_______________________________________ PREFACE LATEST NEWS EVENTS IN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO, FROM 15 DECEMBER 2008 TO 22 JANUARY 2009 Paragraphs Background information 1. GEOGRAPHY ..........................................................................................1.01 Map - DRC.....................................................................................1.05 Eastern DRC.................................................................................1.06 2. ECONOMY .............................................................................................2.01 Natural resources........................................................................2.09 3. HISTORY ...............................................................................................3.01 History to 1997.............................................................................3.01 The Laurent Kabila Regime 1997................................................3.02 The Joseph Kabila Regime 2001.................................................3.04 4. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS ............................................................................4.01 5. CONSTITUTION ........................................................................................5.01 6. POLITICAL SYSTEM ..................................................................................6.01 -
Country Fact Sheet, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Issue Papers, Extended Responses and Country Fact Sheets file:///C:/Documents and Settings/brendelt/Desktop/temp rir/Country Fact... Français Home Contact Us Help Search canada.gc.ca Issue Papers, Extended Responses and Country Fact Sheets Home Country Fact Sheet DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO April 2007 Disclaimer This document was prepared by the Research Directorate of the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada on the basis of publicly available information, analysis and comment. All sources are cited. This document is not, and does not purport to be, either exhaustive with regard to conditions in the country surveyed or conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. For further information on current developments, please contact the Research Directorate. Table of Contents 1. GENERAL INFORMATION 2. POLITICAL BACKGROUND 3. POLITICAL PARTIES 4. ARMED GROUPS AND OTHER NON-STATE ACTORS 5. FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS ENDNOTES REFERENCES 1. GENERAL INFORMATION Official name Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) Geography The Democratic Republic of the Congo is located in Central Africa. It borders the Central African Republic and Sudan to the north; Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda and Tanzania to the east; Zambia and Angola to the south; and the Republic of the Congo to the northwest. The country has access to the 1 of 26 9/16/2013 4:16 PM Issue Papers, Extended Responses and Country Fact Sheets file:///C:/Documents and Settings/brendelt/Desktop/temp rir/Country Fact... Atlantic Ocean through the mouth of the Congo River in the west. The total area of the DRC is 2,345,410 km². -
Country Fact Sheet
DRAFT – COUNTRY FACT SHEET DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO April 2007 Research Directorate Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada Disclaimer This document was prepared by the Research Directorate of the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada on the basis of publicly available information, analysis and comment. All sources are cited. This document is not, and does not purport to be, either exhaustive with regard to conditions in the country surveyed or conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. For further information on current developments, please contact the Research Directorate. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. GENERAL INFORMATION 2. POLITICAL BACKGROUND 3. POLITICAL PARTIES 4. ARMED GROUPS AND OTHER NON-STATE ACTORS 5. FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS ENDNOTES REFERENCES 2 1. GENERAL INFORMATION Official name Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) Geography The Democratic Republic of the Congo is located in Central Africa. It borders the Central African Republic and Sudan to the north; Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda and Tanzania to the east; Zambia and Angola to the south; and the Republic of the Congo to the northwest. The country has access to the Atlantic Ocean through the mouth of the Congo River in the west. The total area of the DRC is 2,345,410 km². The climate of the DRC is tropical. The equatorial river basin is hot and humid, the southern highlands are cold and dry, and the eastern highlands are rainy. The wet season north of Equateur province is from April to October, and the dry season is from December to February. The wet season south of Equateur is from November to March, followed by a dry season from April to October. -
Presidential and Legislative Elections in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Presidential and Legislative Elections in the Democratic Republic of the Congo November 28, 2011 Final Report Waging Peace. Fighting Disease. Building Hope. The Carter Center strives to relieve suffering by advancing peace and health worldwide; it seeks to prevent and resolve conflicts, enhance freedom and democracy, and protect and promote human rights worldwide. Presidential and Legislative Elections in the Democratic Republic of the Congo November 28, 2011 Final Report One Copenhill 453 Freedom Parkway Atlanta, GA 30307 (404) 420-5188 Fax (404) 420-5196 www.cartercenter.org The Carter Center Contents Foreword ..................................2 Postelection Developments ..................55 Executive Summary .........................4 Tabulation ..............................55 Presidential Election Results ................60 Historical and Political Background ...........13 Legislative Results .........................61 Electoral Institutions and Legal Framework for Electoral Dispute Resolution .................63 the Presidential and Legislative Elections ......16 Legal Framework .........................16 Conclusions and Recommendations . .66 Electoral System ..........................18 Appendix A: Acknowledgments . 73 Election Management ......................21 Appendix B: Terms and Abbreviations ........75 Boundary Delimitation .....................26 Appendix C: Letters of Invitation ............76 Pre-Election Developments ..................28 Appendix D: The Carter Center Observation Voter Registration .........................28 -
Annex 2.1 Government Composition of the Democratic Republic of the Congo No Ministry Name of the Minister
The Study on Community Development Plan in Cataractes District, Bas-Congo Province in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Final Report Annex 2.1 Government Composition of the Democratic Republic of the Congo No Ministry Name of the minister 1 Premier ministre Adolphe MUZITO Vices premier ministres 2 Besoins sociaux de base François MOBUTU NZANGA 3 Reconstruction Emile BONGELI 4 Sécurité et Défense Symphorien MUTOMBO BAKAFWASENDA Ministres 5 Intérieur et Sécurité Celestin MBUYU 6 Défense Nationale et Anciens Combattants Charles MUANDO NSIMBA 7 Affaires Etrangères Alexis THAMBWE MWAMBA 8 Décentralisation et Aménagement du Territ. Antipas MBUSA NYAMWISI 9 Coopération Internationale Raymond TSHIBANDA 10 Justice LUZOLO BAMBI 11 Relation avec le parlement Adolphe LUMANU Bwana N'SEFU 12 Infrastructures et Travaux Publics Pierre LUMBI 13 Finances Athanase MATENDA KIELU 14 Plan Olivier KAMITATU 15 Budget Michel LUKOLA 16 Environnement et Tourisme José ENDUNDO BONONGE 17 Economie et Commerce André Phimippe FUTA 18 Porte feuille Jeaninne BABUNDA 19 Agriculture Norbert BASENGEZI 20 Transport et Voies de Communication Matthieu MPITA 21 Mines Martin KABWELULU 22 Energies Laurent MUZANGISA 23 Hydraucarbures Réné ISEKEMANGA NKEKA 24 P.T.T Louise MUNGA 25 Idustrie Simon MBOSO KIAMPUTU 26 Communication et Médias Lambert MENDE OMALANGA 27 Santé Publique MOPIPI MUKULUMANYA 28 E.P.S.P (Enseignement Primaire, Secondaire...) Maker MWANGU 29 E.S.U (Enseignement Supérieur et Universit.) MASHAKO MAMBA 30 Affaires Foncières Maje KISIMBA NGOY 31 Urbanisme et Habitat -
Warlord Democrats in Africa
More praise for Warlord Democrats “A major work. This book tells us exactly how and why wartime leaders play significant roles in post-war politics. Extremely insightful and clear, it is likely to spur a new research programme in the study of post-conflict politics and state-building. It should be widely read.” William Reno, Northwestern University “An excellent collection of essays. The political economy analysis it offers should be of particular interest to those – quite especially the UN and those charged with running its peace operations – trying to build peace and secure durable political settlements to long-running conflicts.” Mats Berdal, King’s College London A frica Now Africa Now is published by Zed Books in association with the internationally respected Nordic Africa Institute. Featuring high-quality, cutting-edge research from leading academics, the series addresses the big issues confronting Africa today. Accessible but in-depth, and wide-ranging in its scope, Africa Now engages with the critical political, economic, sociological and development debates affecting the continent, shedding new light on pressing concerns. Nordic Africa Institute The Nordic Africa Institute (Nordiska Afrikainstitutet) is a centre for research, documentation and information on modern Africa. Based in Uppsala, Sweden, the Institute is dedicated to providing timely, critical and alternative research and analysis of Africa and to co-operation with African researchers. As a hub and a meeting place for a growing field of research and analysis the Institute -
THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC of CONGO COUNTRY of ORIGIN INFORMATION (COI) REPORT COI Service
THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION (COI) REPORT COI Service 9 March 2012 THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO 9 MARCH 2012 Contents Preface Latest News EVENTS IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO FROM 2 DECEMBER 2011 TO 29 FEBRUARY 2012 Useful news sources for further information REPORTS ON THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO PUBLISHED OR ACCESSED BETWEEN 2 DECEMBER 2011 AND 29 FEBRUARY 2012 Paragraphs Background Information 1. GEOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................ 1.01 Map ........................................................................................................................ 1.10 2. ECONOMY ................................................................................................................ 2.01 Corruption ............................................................................................................. 2.05 3. HISTORY (1960 TO 2010) .......................................................................................... 3.01 Independence and the Mobutu era (1960 - 1997) ............................................... 3.02 The end of the cold war and democratisation (1990 - 1993) .............................. 3.04 Rwandan crisis, civil war and the end of Mr Mobutu (1993 - 1997) .................... 3.05 Laurent Kabila and a second war (1997 - 2001) ................................................. 3.06 Joseph Kabila, end of civil war and transitional government (2001 - 2005) .... 3.13 A new constitution -
Report of the Secretary-General
United Nations S/2018/882 Security Council Distr.: General 1 October 2018 Original: English United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Report of the Secretary-General I. Introduction 1. The present report is submitted pursuant to paragraph 59 of Security Council resolution 2409 (2018). It covers major developments in the Democratic Republic of the Congo for the period from 29 June to 28 September 2018. The report describes progress in the implementation of the mandate of the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); provides an overview of political developments since my previous update on progress in the electoral process and implementation of the political agreement of 31 December 2016 (S/2018/786); outlines progress in adjustments to the Mission’s priorities, posture and presence, as well as the pursuit of its comprehensive approach to the protection of civilians; and provides information on the performance of MONUSCO uniformed personnel. II. Major developments A. Political situation 2. The political situation was marked by political and judicial activities surrounding the registration process of candidates for the presidential and national and provincial legislative elections. On 3 September, the Constitutional Court ruled on the appeals of four of the six presidential candidates who had been declared ineligible by the Independent National Electoral Commission on 24 August. The Court upheld the ineligibility of Jean-Pierre Bemba, the leader of the Mouvement de libération du Congo (MLC), ruling that the International Criminal Court had convicted him for witness tampering through corruption, which was an aggravating factor. -
Congo, Dem Rep 2019 Human Rights Report
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 2019 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Democratic Republic of the Congo is a centralized constitutional republic. Voters popularly elect the president and the lower house of parliament (National Assembly). Following a two-year delay, presidential, legislative, and provincial elections were held on December 30, 2018; however, presidential elections were cancelled in Beni and Butembo, nominally due to an ongoing Ebola outbreak and security concerns, and in Yumbi because of intercommunal violence. Legislative and provincial elections in those regions were held in March. On January 10, the National Independent Electoral Commission (CENI) declared Felix Tshisekedi the winner of the December 2018 presidential election. His electoral victory was confirmed by the Constitutional Court on January 20, and he was inaugurated on January 24. The 2018 election was marred by irregularities and criticized by some observers, including the Council of Bishops, who said the results did not match those of their observation mission. Many international actors expressed concern over the CENI decision to deny accreditation to several international election observers and media representatives. Some persons questioned the final election results due to press reports of unverified data leaked from unnamed sources alleging opposition candidate Martin Fayulu received the most votes. The election aftermath was calm, with most citizens accepting the outcome. The January 24 inauguration of President Felix Tshisekedi was the first peaceful transfer of power in the country’s history. On August 26, the president’s Course for Change (CACH) political alliance entered into a power-sharing agreement to form a government with former president Joseph Kabila’s Common Front for Congo (FCC) political coalition, which won an absolute majority in the National Assembly.