DOCSLIB.ORG

Technology for Wifi/Bluetooth and Wimax Coexistence

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Technology for WiFi/Bluetooth and WiMAX Coexistence Taiji Kondo Hiroshi Fujita Makoto Yoshida Tamio Saito (Manuscript received April 6, 2009) Mobile Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (Mobile WiMAX) is useful as next-generation wireless broadband access technology based on OFDMA. For it to proliferate, the radio interference between WiMAX, which is operated on the 2.3 GHz and 2.5 GHz bands, and WiFi/Bluetooth, which is located on the Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) band (2.4 GHz), needs to be resolved. Fujitsu has developed some proprietary coexistence technology as an effective way to do this, until a countermeasure of enhancing the IEEE specification is deployed in a few years. Our developed coexistence technology does not require any modifications to be made to the current specifications for backward compatibility. It works by using automatic repeat requests (ARQ). There were concerns about the technology’s adverse effect on system throughput, but no such effect was observed when operating at 75% of system capacity or less. We evaluated this in a simulation. This paper describes the issues regarding WiFi/Bluetooth and WiMAX coexistence, and Fujitsu’s proprietary coexistence technology. 1. Introduction The commercial operation of Mobile WiMAX Along with the recent proliferation of was started in September 2008 in the U.S., systems such as cell phones (cellular system) ahead of other countries, and began in Japan and wireless LAN, there has been growing in February 2009. The service is operated on demand for broadband connection by wireless the 2.5 GHz band in the two countries and the means. As a next-generation wireless broadband bandwidth is 10 MHz. Licensed bands are used technology to address this need, Mobile WiMAX to operate WiMAX in both cases and planar (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave deployment of base stations is planned as with Access) is attracting attention. Mobile WiMAX cellular networks. However, the 2.5 GHz band is a system based on the Orthogonal Frequency assigned for Mobile WiMAX is adjacent to the Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) method, Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) band and it has already been standardized as IEEE (2.4 GHz), and an adverse effect due to mutual 802.16e.1),2) Its specifications have been globally interference between the two systems has been a stipulated as the sixth air interface of the 3G concern from the beginning. mobile telecommunications system (IMT-2000). To resolve this problem, the WiMAX Forum, The system currently covers a wide range of an industry-led organization that formulates frequency bands from the 2 GHz band to the the system’s operation specifications, has been 3.8 GHz band and its high capabilities have discussing whether to add a mechanism to the opened up a way for its potential application to IEEE Standards3) to ensure coexistence between an even wider range of frequency bands. WiMAX and ISM band communication systems. 72 FUJITSU Sci. Tech. J., Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 72–78 (January 2010) T. Kondo et al.: Technology for WiFi/Bluetooth and WiMAX Coexistence However, the standardization and revision Table 1 WiMAX/ISM band communication system operational process has been delayed and the first base station frequency band. Frequency band Bandwidth capable of this function will likely appear in the Band Class Index (GHz) (MHz) second half of 2010 at the earliest. In addition, 8.75, base stations with the system coexistence 1 2.3–2.4 5, function implemented do not have guaranteed 10 3.5, compatibility with the existing base stations 2.305–2.320， 2 5, 2.345–2.360 and the base stations currently in operation 10 will need to be replaced, which is hindering the 3 2.496–2.69 5, 10 proliferation of WiMAX technology. At least for 4 3.3–3.4 5, 7, 10 a few years after the service launch, the difficulty 3.4–3.8， 5, 5 3.4–3.6， 7, of coexistence with the ISM band communication 3.6–3.8 10 systems, especially with WiFi and Bluetooth that WiFi 2.4–2.497 26 have already been widely applied to consumer (IEEE 802.11b/g) Bluetooth 2.402–2.480 1 products, is expected to be a major problem. (IEEE 802.15.1) This paper describes Fujitsu’s proprietary system coexistence technology to achieve coexistence between ISM band communication systems, especially WiFi and Bluetooth, and 3. Examples of system WiMAX without the need for modifying the coexistence existing specifications so as to fill the gap in Inter-system radio interference is likely to service provision due to the difficulty of system cause a problem in applications such as those coexistence. shown in Figure 1. 1) Voice (VoIP) service using Bluetooth 2. WiFi/Bluetooth and WiMAX headsets [Figure 1 (a)] radio interference issue VoIP is an important application for The operational frequency band for Mobile realizing voice communication in Mobile WiMAX WiMAX is divided into several frequency bands. that provides packet services, and it can be Table 1 shows the Band Class defined by the assumed that existing cell phones have achieved WiMAX Forum. Among these classes, Band VoIP applications using Bluetooth. However, Class 2 (2.3 GHz band) and Band Class 3 Mobile WiMAX and Bluetooth use adjacent (2.5 GHz band) are adjacent to (partially overlap) frequency bands, which means some measures WiFi (IEEE 802.11b/g) and Bluetooth (IEEE are required to suppress interference. The 802.15.1) which operate on the 2.4 GHz band, existing specifications do not assume the need and this causes mutual radio interference. to avoid interference between the Bluetooth and Using band-limiting filters is one way to WiMAX systems and their simultaneous use in suppress the interference between these systems. the present conditions is difficult. However, sufficient frequency intervals required 2) WiFi-WiMAX seamless handover [Figure 1 for filtering cannot be ensured between the WiFi (b)] and WiMAX systems and the Bluetooth and With Mobile WiMAX, video streaming WiMAX systems, and interference is extremely that takes advantage of Mobile WiMAX’s high difficult to suppress. transmission rate is also likely to prove a useful application. Meanwhile, WiFi is widespread as an indoor communication system, and it can FUJITSU Sci. Tech. J., Vol. 46, No. 1 (January 2010) 73 T. Kondo et al.: Technology for WiFi/Bluetooth and WiMAX Coexistence be used for providing a cost-free broadband the WiMAX Forum prevents radio interference by environment via an access point located at the controlling the coexisting multiple communication user’s home. systems by applying time-division multiplexing Using WiFi to seamlessly maintain a video (TDM) as shown in Figure 2. streaming session that has been started outdoors The system coexistence terminal and Mobile by using Mobile WiMAX indoors essentially WiMAX base station (BS) deliberately stop the requires a seamless handover between the operation of the Mobile WiMAX mobile station systems. As with the previous case, however, (MS) on the terminal, by exchanging TDM control the two systems use neighboring operational frame information called Bit Map. One bit of the frequency bands and simultaneous operation to Bit Map corresponds to a subframe of the Down achieve a handover is extremely difficult because Link (DL) and Up Link (UL) of Mobile WiMAX of the interference factor. frames and the Mobile WiMAX system (BS/MS) functions when Bit = ‘1’. 4. Enhancement of standard The TDM control frames create intermittent The system coexistence method discussed by stop states of the Mobile WiMAX and, during Mobile WiMAX Mobile WiMAX Outdoors Indoors Indoor WiFi access network network point VoIP packet over Mobile WiMAX Bluetooth voice Video streaming over Video streaming over communication Mobile WiMAX WiFi Mobile WiMAX- Bluetooth headset Mobile WiMAX-WiFi Bluetooth coexistence coexistence terminal terminal (a) Voice (VoIP) service using Bluetooth headset (b) WiFi-WiMAX seamless handover Figure 1 Use cases of system coexistence. WiMAX operation only when Bit = ‘1’ UL subframe DL subframe Bit Map: 1 0 1 1 0 0 Mobile WiMAX frame DL UL DL UL DL UL DL UL DL UL DL UL DL UL WiMAX Stopped DL Stopped DL UL Stopped DL Stopped DL UL Stopped operating status Non-interference period WiFi/Bluetooth WiFi/ WiFi/ WiFi/BT Stopped Stopped WiFi/BT Stopped Stopped WiFi/BT operating status BT BT TDM control frame period Figure 2 IEEE 802.16e Rev.2 coexistence specification. 74 FUJITSU Sci. Tech. J., Vol. 46, No. 1 (January 2010) T. Kondo et al.: Technology for WiFi/Bluetooth and WiMAX Coexistence these stop periods without interference, coexistence method that can be realized without WiFi/Bluetooth communication takes place. modifying the current specifications. Conversely, WiFi/Bluetooth transmission is As with the standard enhancement measure, stopped during the Mobile WiMAX operation Fujitsu’s proprietary system coexistence method periods. The TDM control frame period depends prevents radio interference by TDM control, on the required throughput for the respective which is shown in Figure 3. With the proprietary application. system, however, exchange of TDM control frame TDM control by standardization, which information between the BS and MS as in the is an operation coordinated by the system and enhanced standard is not required, and TDM which means that BS can recognize the system control is achieved only with the operation of the coexistence terminal in advance, can be said to be system coexistence terminal (MS). With Mobile the most effective coexistence technology since it WiMAX the BS handles all of the band control, does not influence frequency resources. However, and TDM control requires coordination between to use this method the existing BS needs to be the BS and MS, which is achieved by exchanging replaced or revised and there is a major problem TDM control frame information in the enhanced in terms of compatibility due to the system’s lack standard.
Recommended publications
  • 3GPP Wireless Broadband Evolution

    3GPP Wireless Broadband Evolution

    Wireless Broadband Evolution November 2007 Mikhail Krylov Director, QUALCOMM Mobile Services Are Becoming the Center of Life Mobile Communication Mobile Entertainment Mobile Enterprise Developing Markets Location Based Services Mobile Education Mobile Retail Mobile Healthcare 2 Wireless Broadband Evolution NetworkNetwork EvolutionEvolution MobileMobile DeviceDevice EvolutionEvolution ServiceService EvolutionEvolution • All-IP Network For Fixed-Mobile • Convergence of Communication, • User Behaviors Trend Convergence (VoIP & data) Computing & CE Platforms from Wired to Wireless • Co-existence of Different Access • Multi-mode Devices Connect • Same Rich IP Apps and Networks for Various Needs to Various Access Networks Services in all Environments –Coverage, Mobility, Capacity, –Service Requirements, –Ubiquitous & Consistent QoS, Data Rates … Availability, Cost … Experience Desired 3 Evolution of Wireless Technologies 1 – UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband) - Previously referred to as Rev C LBC DL: Up to 288 Mbps peak³ 2 – Peak rates scalable with number of carriers – standard supports up to 15 UL: Up to 75 Mbps peak³ carriers. Upper range highlights introduction of 64-QAM (1 RF carrier – 4.9 Mbps peak) • Highly optimized OFDMA 3 – Expected rates for 20 MHz, FDD, 4x4 MIMO solution 4 – 1.25 MHz option also included in the standard DL: 6.2-73.5 Mbps peak² • 5-20 MHz carrier bandwidth4 UL: 3.6-27 Mbps peak² 5 – TDD mode is under discussion • VoIP • FDD & TDD5 Modes • Multi-Carrier Rev A • MIMO & SDMA Support • Lower delays & higher data rates DL: 3.1
  • Broadband ADSL2+ Modem Dm111pspv2 User Manual

    Broadband ADSL2+ Modem Dm111pspv2 User Manual

    Broadband ADSL2+ Modem DM111PSPv2 User Manual 350 East Plumeria Drive San Jose, CA 95134 USA August 2011 202-10913-01 v1.0 Broadband ADSL2+ Modem DM111PSPv2 © 2011 NETGEAR, Inc. All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language in any form or by any means without the written permission of NETGEAR, Inc. Technical Support Thank you for choosing NETGEAR. To register your product, get the latest product updates, get support online, or for more information about the topics covered in this manual, visit the Support website at http://support.netgear.com. Phone (US & Canada only): 1-888-NETGEAR Phone (Other Countries): Check the list of phone numbers at http://support.netgear.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/984. Trademarks NETGEAR, the NETGEAR logo, and Connect with Innovation are trademarks and/or registered trademarks of NETGEAR, Inc. and/or its subsidiaries in the United States and/or other countries. Information is subject to change without notice. Other brand and product names are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders. © 2011 NETGEAR, Inc. All rights reserved. Statement of Conditions To improve internal design, operational function, and/or reliability, NETGEAR reserves the right to make changes to the products described in this document without notice. NETGEAR does not assume any liability that may occur due to the use, or application of, the product(s) or circuit layout(s) described herein. 2 Contents Chapter 1 Hardware Setup Unpack Your New Modem. 7 Hardware Features . 8 Label . 8 Back Panel. 8 Front Panel .
  • Evaluation of Mobile Wimax and Intelligent Video for Enhanced Rail Transit Safety

    Evaluation of Mobile Wimax and Intelligent Video for Enhanced Rail Transit Safety

    SharpRAIL: Evaluation of Mobile WiMAX and Intelligent Video for Enhanced Rail Transit Safety Report Number FTA-MD-26-7132-08.1 June 2008 DISCLAIMER NOTICE This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the United States Department of Transportation, Federal Transit Administration, in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for the contents or use thereof. The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers' names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the contents of the report. Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188), Washington, DC 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED June, 2008 Final Report, April 2007-January 2008 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS SharpRAIL: Evaluation of Mobile WiMAX and Intelligent Video for Enhanced Rail Transit Safety MD-26-7132-00 6. AUTHOR(S) Santosh Kesavan, Eddie Wu and William Toeller 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) REPORT NUMBER VT Aepco Inc 555 Quince Orchard Road, Suite 488 Gaithersburg, MD 20878 9.
  • An Analysis of IEEE 802.16 and Wimax Multicast Delivery

    An Analysis of IEEE 802.16 and Wimax Multicast Delivery

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Calhoun, Institutional Archive of the Naval Postgraduate School Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 2007-09 An analysis of IEEE 802.16 and WiMAX multicast delivery Staub, Patrick A. Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/3203 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA THESIS AN ANALYSIS OF IEEE 802.16 AND WIMAX MULTICAST DELIVERY by Patrick A. Staub September, 2007 Thesis Advisor: Bert Lundy Second Reader: George Dinolt Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED September 2007 Master’s Thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE An Analysis of IEEE 802.16 and WiMAX 5. FUNDING NUMBERS Multicast Delivery 6. AUTHOR(S) Patrick A. Staub 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8.
  • Components Selection Guide for Bluetooth® Low Energy

    Components Selection Guide for Bluetooth® Low Energy

    Application Guide Components Selection Guide for Bluetooth® Low Energy Optimize designs, reduce time to market Ceramic Capacitors RF Inductors Power Inductors Timing Devices Bluetooth® Low Energy (BLE) is the next generation Bluetooth® release since version 4.0. Its low power consumption feature makes the BLE a popular choice across many applications. Knowledge of selecting the appropriate peripheral components greatly reduces design time and improves efficiency. System on Chip Power Inductor Battery DC/DC Antenna (Li/Coin Battery) Converter Wireless Ceramic Processor Communication Capacitor Memory (2.4GHz) RF Inductor Timing Devices Sensor Block diagram / Peripheral components Market / applications • IoT devices: Beacon, sensing device with wireless communication • Healthcare: Medical IoT devices, insulin pen, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), medical tester, portable and personal devices • Industrial: Factory automation (FA), item tracking, monitoring Content Ceramic capacitors .................................. 3 Crystal units ............................................... 7 Ceramic capacitors .................................. 4 MEMS resonators ..................................... 8 RF inductors ............................................... 5 Design tools ................................................ 9 Power inductors ........................................ 6 Global locations ..................................... 10 2 Contents are subject to change without notice. © November 2020 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. • BLE Component
  • 7022417378.Pdf

    7022417378.Pdf

    Before the Federal Communications Commission Washington, D.C. 20554 In the Matter of ) ) Implementing Public Safety Broadband ) PS Docket No. 12-94 Provisions of the Middle Class Tax Relief and ) Job Creation Act of 2012 ) ) Implementing a Nationwide, Broadband, ) PS Docket No. 06-229 Interoperable Public Safety Network in the 700 ) MHz Band ) ) Service Rules for the 698-746, 747-762 and ) WT Docket No. 06-150 777-792 MHz Bands ) COMMENTS OF THE COALITION OF WISPS FOR FIRSTNET The Coalition of WISPs 1 for FirstNet (“WISP Coalition”), a group of wireless Internet service providers, by counsel and pursuant to Sections 1.415 and 1.419 of the rules of the Federal Communications Commission (“Commission”), hereby submits these comments in response to the Commission’s Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (“ NPRM ”) 2 that seeks comment on certain proposals to implement the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012 (“Public Safety Spectrum Act") 3 and the nationwide public safety broadband network in the 700 MHz band. The WISP Coalition includes small businesses who deliver broadband Internet access services and, in some cases, competitive local exchange services to their communities. The 1 “WISPs” are Wireless Internet Service Providers. The WISPs joining this filing are A Better Wireless, NISP, LLC; Aircado, Inc.; AirLink Internet Services, LLC; Aristotle, Inc.; aXess America, LLC; CellTex Networks, LLC; Digital Video Services; First Step Internet, LLC; Helix Technologies, Inc.; JAB Wireless, Inc.; M 2 Connections, a division of JKM Consulting, Inc.; New Wave Net Corp.; Rural Broadband Network Services, LLC; STL WiMax; Washington Broadband, Inc.; and Wireless ETC, Inc.
  • Glossary of Terminology

    Glossary of Terminology

    Glossary of Broadband Terminology This glossary was compiled by Ray Elseth of Broadband Development 3 (http://www.bbd3.com) and Thomas Asp of Virchow Krause (http://virchowkrause.com), and is a supplement to “Broadband Access: The Local Government Role” by Thomas Asp, Harvey L. Reiter, Jerry Schulz, and Ronald L. Vaden (IQ Report 36, no. 2 [Washington, D.C.: ICMA, 2004]). 802.11 A family of specifications covering wireless connectivity between devices normally located within 100’ to 300’ of each other. Often referred to as Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). Most common implementation is 802.11b (see Wi- Fi), but 802.11a and 802.11g are also in active use. 802.15 A family of specifications covering wireless connectivity between devices normally located within 10’ to 30’ of each other. Often referred to as Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN). Implemented as “Bluetooth.” 802.16 A family of specifications covering wireless connectivity between devices normally located within 1 to 30 miles of each other. Often referred to as Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (WMAN). Access Point (AP) A hardware device that acts as a connectivity hub to permit users of a wireless device to connect to a wired local area network. Provides a bridge between Ethernet wired LANs (local area networks) and the wireless network. Access points are the connectivity point between Ethernet wired networks and devices equipped with a wireless LAN adapter card. Antenna The equipment that allows the transmission or reception of radio frequency energy. Asynchronous Digital A technology that allows high-speed data to be sent over a Subscriber Line single pair of existing copper telephone lines, with data rates (ADSL) for receiving data differing from data rates for sending data.
  • QUESTION 20-1/2 Examination of Access Technologies for Broadband Communications

    QUESTION 20-1/2 Examination of Access Technologies for Broadband Communications

    International Telecommunication Union QUESTION 20-1/2 Examination of access technologies for broadband communications ITU-D STUDY GROUP 2 3rd STUDY PERIOD (2002-2006) Report on broadband access technologies eport on broadband access technologies QUESTION 20-1/2 R International Telecommunication Union ITU-D THE STUDY GROUPS OF ITU-D The ITU-D Study Groups were set up in accordance with Resolutions 2 of the World Tele- communication Development Conference (WTDC) held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in 1994. For the period 2002-2006, Study Group 1 is entrusted with the study of seven Questions in the field of telecommunication development strategies and policies. Study Group 2 is entrusted with the study of eleven Questions in the field of development and management of telecommunication services and networks. For this period, in order to respond as quickly as possible to the concerns of developing countries, instead of being approved during the WTDC, the output of each Question is published as and when it is ready. For further information: Please contact Ms Alessandra PILERI Telecommunication Development Bureau (BDT) ITU Place des Nations CH-1211 GENEVA 20 Switzerland Telephone: +41 22 730 6698 Fax: +41 22 730 5484 E-mail: [email protected] Free download: www.itu.int/ITU-D/study_groups/index.html Electronic Bookshop of ITU: www.itu.int/publications © ITU 2006 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. International Telecommunication Union QUESTION 20-1/2 Examination of access technologies for broadband communications ITU-D STUDY GROUP 2 3rd STUDY PERIOD (2002-2006) Report on broadband access technologies DISCLAIMER This report has been prepared by many volunteers from different Administrations and companies.
  • Broadband and the Wisconsin Economy

    Broadband and the Wisconsin Economy

    BROADBAND JANUARY 2021 BROADBAND AND THE WISCONSIN ECONOMY TESSA CONROY STEVE DELLER MATT KURES SARAH LOW Study Series No. 7 AUTHORS JEFFREY GLAZER GAIL HUYKE CHRISTOPHER STARK ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS THANK YOU The EDA-University Center team (Tessa Conroy, Steve Deller, Gail Huyke, Matt Kures, Kristin Runge, and Christoper Stark) is grateful for the expertise shared by the guest contributors. Jeffrey Glazer is a Clinical Associate Professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Law School. Sarah Low is an Associate Professor and Fred V. Heinkel Professor of Agriculture at the University of Missouri. We especially owe thanks to Rachel Ramthun and Jackson Parr for their assistance in preparing the final publication and for their constructive suggestions. FUNDING This work was supported by grants from the United States Department of Commerce Economic Development Administration in support of the UW Madison Economic Development Authority University Center (Award No. ED16CHI3030030) and the UW Madison EDA University Center CARES Act Recovery Assistance Grant (Award No. ED20CHI3070047). Any opinions, find- ings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Department of Commerce Economic Development Administration. 1 INTRODUCTION 3 WHAT IS BROADBAND 7 BROADBAND IN WISCONSIN AND ACROSS THE U.S. 16 HOW DID WE GET HERE? 28 WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE? 30 REFERENCES 32 APPENDIX EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In this study we explore issues related to broadband coverage and importance of coverage to community well-being. Several key conclusions include: • Broadband access is closely related to population density and income levels, meaning the most rural and the lowest-income regions generally have the least access.
  • Internet Connection Sharing Quick Setup Guide

    Internet Connection Sharing Quick Setup Guide

    Internet Connection Sharing with your Pocket PC over Bluetooth, by Belkin Internet Connection Sharing Quick Setup Guide For HP IPAQ Pocket PC Models: H1940, H1945, H2210, H2215, H5450, H5455, H5550, H5555 also works with other Pocket PCs using Widcomm BTCE ver.1.3.x Use with Belkin Bluetooth PC Adapters: F8T001, F8T002 and F8T003 Internet Connection Sharing with your Pocket PC over Bluetooth, by Belkin Note: Please be sure to enable Internet Connection Sharing on your Windows PC before you begin this guide. Please refer to your Windows Help for more information on Internet Connection Sharing. SECTION 1: Pairing your Pocket PC to your Computer Step 1: Tap on the Bluetooth icon located in the lower right corner of the Today Screen. Select Bluetooth Manager. Note: Be sure that your Bluetooth Radio is turned ON. Step 2: Tap on the Tools located in the menu bar located at the bottom of your screen. Then select Paired Devices. Internet Connection Sharing with your Pocket PC over Bluetooth, by Belkin Step 3: Tap on the Add button. Step 4: Tap on Search icon located to the right of the Device text box. This will begin a search for all Bluetooth devices in your area. Internet Connection Sharing with your Pocket PC over Bluetooth, by Belkin Step 5: Tap on the devices you would like to establish a connection for your Pocket PC. Step 6: Enter a Passkey in the Passkey Text Box and tap “OK”. For example “0000” or “1234.” The passkey could be any alphanumeric number you want. Internet Connection Sharing with your Pocket PC over Bluetooth, by Belkin Step 7: Check your Computer.
  • Iot Systems Overview

    Iot Systems Overview

    IoT systems overview CoE Training on Traffic engineering and advanced wireless network planning Sami TABBANE 30 September -03 October 2019 Bangkok, Thailand 1 Objectives •Present the different IoT systems and their classifications 2 Summary I. Introduction II. IoT Technologies A. Fixed & Short Range B. Long Range technologies 1. Non 3GPP Standards (LPWAN) 2. 3GPP Standards IoT Specificities versus Cellular IoT communications are or should be: Low cost , Low power , Long battery duration , High number of connections , Low bitrate , Long range , Low processing capacity , Low storage capacity , Small size devices , Relaxed latency , Simple network architecture and protocols . IoT Main Characteristics Low power , Low cost (network and end devices), Short range (first type of technologies) or Long range (second type of technologies), Low bit rate (≠ broadband!), Long battery duration (years), Located in any area (deep indoor, desert, urban areas, moving vehicles …) Low cost 3GPP Rel.8 Cost 75% 3GPP Rel.8 CAT-4 20% 3GPP Rel.13 CAT-1 10% 3GPP Rel.13 CAT-M1 NB IoT Complexity Extended coverage +20dB +15 dB GPRS CAT-M1 NB-IoT IoT Specificities IoT Specificities and Impacts on Network planning and design Characteristics Impact • High sensitivity (Gateways and end-devices with a typical sensitivity around -150 dBm/-125 dBm with Bluetooth/-95 dBm in 2G/3G/4G) Low power and • Low frequencies strong signal penetration Wide Range • Narrow band carriers far greater range of reception • +14 dBm (ETSI in Europe) with the exception of the G3 band with +27 dBm, +30 dBm but for most devices +20 dBm is sufficient (USA) • Low gateways cost Low deployment • Wide range Extended coverage + strong signal penetration and Operational (deep indoor, Rural) Costs • Low numbers of gateways Link budget: UL: 155 dB (or better), DL: Link budget: 153 dB (or better) • Low Power Long Battery life • Idle mode most of the time.
  • Digital Subscriber Lines and Cable Modems Digital Subscriber Lines and Cable Modems

    Digital Subscriber Lines and Cable Modems Digital Subscriber Lines and Cable Modems

    Digital Subscriber Lines and Cable Modems Digital Subscriber Lines and Cable Modems Paul Sabatino, [email protected] This paper details the impact of new advances in residential broadband networking, including ADSL, HDSL, VDSL, RADSL, cable modems. History as well as future trends of these technologies are also addressed. OtherReports on Recent Advances in Networking Back to Raj Jain's Home Page Table of Contents ● 1. Introduction ● 2. DSL Technologies ❍ 2.1 ADSL ■ 2.1.1 Competing Standards ■ 2.1.2 Trends ❍ 2.2 HDSL ❍ 2.3 SDSL ❍ 2.4 VDSL ❍ 2.5 RADSL ❍ 2.6 DSL Comparison Chart ● 3. Cable Modems ❍ 3.1 IEEE 802.14 ❍ 3.2 Model of Operation ● 4. Future Trends ❍ 4.1 Current Trials ● 5. Summary ● 6. Glossary ● 7. References http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~jain/cis788-97/rbb/index.htm (1 of 14) [2/7/2000 10:59:54 AM] Digital Subscriber Lines and Cable Modems 1. Introduction The widespread use of the Internet and especially the World Wide Web have opened up a need for high bandwidth network services that can be brought directly to subscriber's homes. These services would provide the needed bandwidth to surf the web at lightning fast speeds and allow new technologies such as video conferencing and video on demand. Currently, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) and Cable modem technologies look to be the most cost effective and practical methods of delivering broadband network services to the masses. <-- Back to Table of Contents 2. DSL Technologies Digital Subscriber Line A Digital Subscriber Line makes use of the current copper infrastructure to supply broadband services.